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Dip2 regulates PKC signalling through specific DAG acyl chain compositions—a crucial pathway, which emerged approximately 1.2 billion years ago, marking the advent of selective DAG-based signalling in eukaryotes.

FGF signaling drives lens development by recruiting Grb2 through Shc1, Frs2, and Shp2 to regulate transcription and cytoskeletal arrangements.

Endothelial-specific supplementation with Aff3ir-ORF2 significantly ameliorated disturbed flow-induced endothelial activation and the development of atherosclerotic plaques, highlighting its promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Disease-causing mutations in the signaling protein BMP4 impair its secretion, but only when it is made as a homodimer.

Mammalian cells are capable of loading MCM2-7 to support DNA replication in the absence of ORC to permit extensive DNA replication in vivo.

Muscle contraction forces shape tenocyte gene expression, with sequencing and spatial analyses revealing unique force-dependent gene regulation patterns, suggesting tenocytes fine-tune tendon matrix in response to varied mechanical cues.

Testicular microcalcifications arise secondary to local alterations in mineral homeostasis, which in combination with impaired Sertoli cell function and reduced levels of mineralization inhibitors facilitate deposition of hydroxyapatite.

Islet cholesterol levels determine GLP-1R function, with several cholesterol-binding sites mapped in active vs inactive receptors and one, containing Val229, shown to control GLP-1R behaviour in beta cell models.

Disruption of RAS–p110α signalling in macrophages impairs both the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses, revealing a critical regulatory role in immune function and inflammation control.