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Investigating microbial communities in a spatial environment in silico suggests that spatial structure promotes higher coexistence by allowing spatial self-organization, but can hinder coexistence by weakening interactions mediated through diffusible metabolites.

Sixteen new mermithid nematodes associated with their insect hosts are discovered from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber and they are more abundant in non-holometabolous insect hosts, revealing what appears to be a vanished history of nematodes parasitism.

Analysis of specimens preserved in amber from the Cretaceous period suggests that nematodes changed their host preference towards insects with a complete metamorphosis more recently.

Fish environmental DNA remaining in a cup of seawater provides information about interaction strengths among marine fish species in nature, highlighting the potential impact of global climate change on community dynamics and stability.

Two flying squirrel species chewed grooves into Cyclobalanopsis nuts, and used them to pressure-fit nuts tightly in crotches formed by small twigs on understory plants, in a way similar to a mortise-tenon joint used in architecture and carpentry.

In the rain forests of Hainan, China, two species of squirrel create grooves on the surface of smooth nuts so that they can wedge them in the forks between branches.

Evolution of multiple closely related strains with host-pathogen-like interactions but only one niche and no tradeoffs, can give rise to a spatiotemporally chaotic ecological state that continually diversifies even with generalist mutations that slow the evolution.

In baboon gut microbiota, most pairwise correlations in bacterial abundances are weak and negative, and bacterial correlation patterns are largely shared across hosts, rather than personalized to each hosts.

Ecological associations among gut bacteria are largely consistent across hosts in a population of wild baboons.

Diatoms encode two forms of flavodoxin with divergent functions that mitigate the oxidative stress and iron requirements associated with life in contemporary oxygenated iron-poor oceans.