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For initiation of cell-wall insertion, the cross-linking enzyme PBP2 stably binds to a component of the cell envelope that is different from MreB filaments.

Lytic transglycosylase enhances the activity of its protein partner, and its catalytic domain can be targeted to disrupt cell-wall integrity, protein partner function, and bacterial survival (Neisseria meningitidis) in hosts.

A key enzyme of central energy metabolism, citrate synthase, regulates bacterial cell cycle progression at a very specific stage (S-phase) and independently of its enzymatic activity.

A herpesvirus harnesses the unfolded protein response to regulate its own life cycle, revealing an unexpected role of XBP1u as a potent repressor of the most important viral promoter.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis penetrates the airway mucosa through M cells via the mycobacterial virulence factor EsxA and the host M cell surface receptor scavenger receptor B1.

The corkscrew-like motility of Spirochete bacteria is enabled by a unique, asymmetrically constructed flagellum that wraps around the cell body within the periplasm.

A multi-cohort analysis of 2,500 gut microbiomes and five major diseases discovers that disease-microbiome associations display specific age-centric trends, with diseases characterized by age-centric trends of species gain/loss.

The crystal structure of neutralizing antibody AR3X in complex with HCV E2 glycoprotein reveals unusual features of antibody recognition in which a conserved epitope is recognized by distinct antibody poses.

A biochemical reconstitution shows that the accumulation of Caulobacter crescentus ParB on DNA requires cytidine triphosphate and a closed DNA substrate in vitro.

Interactions between HIV-1 Env and human mannose receptor enhance HIV entry but restrict viral egress and spread in the absence of Vpr.