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Selective removal of Wall Teichoic Acids from the envelope of Streptococcus pneumoniae prevents bacteriolysis and directs zonal cell wall synthesis.

Ancestral reconstruction of a signaling pathway reveals the mutations responsible for producing specificity of the two paralogous pathways produced by a duplication event.

Staphylococcus aureus NAD kinase promotes infection by protecting bacteria from host antimicrobial defenses and by supporting production of major virulence factors.

Urban wildlife harbor gut bacteria found in humans but missing from rural wildlife, consistent with bacterial transmission from humans to wildlife in cities.

Phenotypic heterogeneity at the single-cell level of cellulosomal machinery biosynthesis suggests a division-of-labor strategy as revealed by the nanoscale mechanistic and ecological investigation of in situ structure and distribution of cellulosomes on bacteria while interacting with the cellulosic substrate.

The expression of CD32 in HIV-reservoir cells prevents the binding of specific anti-HIV antibodies conferring resistance to NK cell-mediated death, and gives the cell the potential to proliferate in the presence of immune complexes.

Phenotypic variants that avoid antibiotic accumulation within clonal bacterial populations are a significant contributor to antibiotic treatment failure and can rely on previously unrecognised survival strategies such as fast growth during drug treatment.

PBP-lipo is an essential cell-wall synthesis enzyme in Mycobacterium abscessus that localizes to the septum and whose expression is required for normal cell growth and division, as well as mediating sensitivity to several antibiotics including the β-lactams, ampicillin, and amoxicillin.

Novel cell-free biochemical experiments show that the host GTPase MxB can restrict the infection of alphaherpesviruses by disassembling the sturdy viral capsids so that they can no longer protect the viral genomes.

A restriction factor induced by interferons blocks the replication of herpesviruses by disassembling the capsid proteins surrounding their genome.