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    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Host-Pathogen Interactions: What makes the hepatitis C virus evolve?

    Thomas R O'Brien, Rune Hartmann, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
    Polymorphisms in the IFNL4 gene that affect both the form and the activity of the coded protein are associated with changes in the hepatitis C virus.
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    1. Neuroscience

    Brain Evolution: Adaptations to extreme conditions

    Barbara S Beltz
    The brain architecture of shrimp living in deep-sea vents provides clues to how these organisms have adapted to extreme living.
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    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Spermatogenesis: A hotspot for new genes

    Anne-Marie Dion-Côté
    Single-cell RNA-sequencing in fruit flies gives an unprecedented picture of how new genes are expressed during the formation of sperm.
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    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Aging: A new defense in the battle of the sexes

    George L Sutphin
    Young Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites use their own sperm to protect against the negative consequences of mating.
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    Insight
    1. Neuroscience

    Decision Making: Remembering to choose the future

    Lesley K Fellows
    A brain region known as the hippocampus is required when people assess different options before making a value-based choice.
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    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Cell Signaling: Learning from ancestors

    Suk ho Hong, Neel H Shah
    Applying ancestral sequence reconstruction techniques to protein kinases reveals the mutations that underlie different modes of activation.
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    Insight
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Anaerobic Bacteria: Solving a shuttle mystery

    Bridget Conley, Jeffrey Gralnick
    Shewanella oneidensis bacteria use an abiotic reaction to help shuttle electrons outside of the cell.
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    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Neurogenesis: Silencing the alternative

    Priya Sivaramakrishnan, John Isaac Murray
    The transcription factor ztf-11 promotes neuronal differentiation by repressing other cell fates in the nematode worm C. elegans.
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    1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Reproduction: Parasites opt for the best of both worlds

    Ellen Decaestecker, Lore Bulteel
    The fungal parasite Podosphaera plantaginis employs both sexual and asexual reproduction to increase its chances of infecting the plant Plantago lanceolata.
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    Insight
    1. Developmental Biology

    Transcriptional Reporters: Watching gene expression in color

    Julie H Simpson
    A combination of two fluorescent proteins with different half-lives allows gene expression to be followed with improved time resolution.
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