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A cognitive adaptation in Heliconius butterflies, accompanied by strikingly divergent changes in two principal insect integration centres, reveals that neural circuits can differ strongly in their propensity for evolutionary change.

Pericytes regulate cerebrovascular development, while vascular smooth muscle cells prevent hemorrhage and blood–brain barrier breakdown at vascular hotspots in juvenile and adult zebrafish.

ITCH is an important regulator of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, coordinating ubiquitination, assembly, autophagosome-mediated secretion, and spike stability, highlighting ITCH as a promising therapeutic target for antiviral intervention.

TrASPr+BOS enables accurate prediction and design of tissue-specific RNA splicing, even for tissues not trained on, uncovering unseen regulatory elements and guiding sequence edits that reshape splicing outcomes.

Cryo-EM structures unexpectedly show that there are two binding sites for RAB5, with the VPS15 site being the most evolutionarily ancient site, which is essential for endocytic sorting.

A chromosome-scale, annotated reference genome for the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis clarifies its karyotype and reveals cephalopod-specific gene family expansions across neural and non-neural tissues.

Recurrent population dynamics in the anterior claustrum provide a candidate mechanism for integrating task-relevant signals across time.

Interaction between LFA-1 on natural killer cells and GBP-130 on infected erythrocytes enables immune recognition and killing of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells.

Empirical substitution matrices from experimental measurements on 31,614 variants accurately predict cellular protein abundance changes using only amino-acid substitution and whether the site is buried or exposed.

A phosphorylation site on Hsp70 previously linked to pathogen activity functions endogenously in DNA damage responses and connects chaperone regulation to cell cycle control.