The cerebellum and ventral tegmental area interact during unexpected omissions of aversive outcomes in humans, supporting a role for reward-like prediction error signaling in fear extinction learning.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA has been identified as a novel component of stress granule cores, indicating its essential involvement in eukaryotic stress response pathways at the level of protein synthesis.
ACC contains specialized neurons that sustain rich action-relevant information after action execution, enabling prolonged action monitoring, and supporting complex associative linking across events.
Funding mechanisms impact the cost effectiveness of the science conducted, as extramural NIH grants to universities excel at producing papers and citations, while intramural NIH hiring more effectively translates to clinical impact.
Absence of EML3 in mice leads to delayed embryonic development, small size, perinatal lethality, and the over-migration of neuroblasts due to a defective pial basement membrane.
