Conventional studies have focused on enzymatic residues directly involved in catalysis; dissecting a potential interaction network within which these ‘catalytic residues’ are embedded provides insights fundamental to enzyme function, evolution, and engineering.

An investigation of spatiotemporal metabolic differentiation during colony biofilm growth of E. coli revealed that alanine is cross-fed between spatially segregated subpopulations within the colony, to support cellular growth in an otherwise nutrient-deprived region of the colony.

Comparative structural analysis and biochemical characterization unraveled the mechanisms behind enzymatic substrate selectivity, leading to an amplified theanine yield through active mutant protein screening, thus refining strategies for theanine production.

Salmonella orchestrates synergistic exploitation of host- and bacterial-derived β-alanine enhancing ZnuABC-mediated zinc assimilation to drive intracellular replication and systemic infection.

BalaT-dependent β-alanine trafficking pathway in retinal pigment cells is critical for maintaining synaptic transmission of photoreceptor neurons in Drosophila.

The Pro-PRIME model demonstrates the ability to engineer VHH antibody with unprecedented alkali resistance and enhanced affinity, enabling industrial applications under extreme conditions previously unattainable with natural proteins.

Quantitative system-level analysis of a pattern-forming gene regulatory network in a non-model organism shows that dynamic changes in gene expression evolve through quantitative system drift.

Exploratory growth is a newly discovered mode of Streptomyces growth that it is stimulated by fungi, is pH responsive, and can be communicated to other – physically separated – streptomycetes through airborne compounds.

Not all members of the bacteria sodium channel family are sodium channels - those found in Bacillus are highly adaptable and can be converted into many selectivity types.

Plant roots can rapidly change the acidity of their cell walls and the root-soil interface to efficiently navigate in the soil environment.