Francisella tularensis spreads from cell to cell when macrophages engulf small portions of infected cells upon cell contact, forming distinctive a double membraned endosome containing multiple bacteria per individual vacuole.

Live intracellular bacterial pathogens can transfer from infected cells to uninfected macrophages upon cell-to-cell contact.

Unveiling the intricate web of interactions between G4 structures and pathogenicity islands in 89 bacterial genomes significantly advances our understanding of bacterial virulence mechanisms.

The invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum relies on a dual partner nutritional system to provide B vitamins and avoid nutritional deficiencies due to its exclusive blood diet.

Axonal metabolic flux analysis demonstrates that expression of NMNAT1 blocks axonal degeneration in cultured mouse neurons not by altering NAD+ synthesis, but rather by inhibiting injury-induced, SARM1-dependent NAD+ consumption.

Histones bound to lipid droplets inside cells offer protection against bacteria in flies, and possibly mice, thus suggesting a possible new innate immunity pathway.

Cas12a CRISPR arrays are sensitive to the GC content of their spacers, but AT-rich separator sequences successfully remove this disruptive effect and enable enhanced multiplexed gene targeting and activation.

Complement opsonized HIV exposure gives rise to a colorectal mucosal environment with an initial suppressed antiviral response and increased infection of immune cells and altered activation of T cells.

Quantifiable bioenergetic parameters, determined from extracellular flux analyses, are distinct between macrophages infected with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis or vaccine strain M. bovis BCG, enabling assessment of future vaccine and drug efficacy.