Life-threatening S. aureus infections emerge from commensal nose bacteria in association with repeatable adaptive evolution.

Distinct members of the Caenorhabditis elegans microbiota can have widely divergent effects on Orsay virus transmission, such that associated bacteria can effectively determine host susceptibility versus resistance to viral infection.

Insects use serotonin signaling in blood cells to help defend themselves against pathogens.

Perforin-2 deficiency is lethal upon infection with pathogenic bacteria despite the presence of other bactericidal effectors.

The pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes spreads infection using a two-tiered strategy, where most bacteria spread locally but a few 'pioneers' move further, increasing the likelihood of a persistent infection.

Mathematical modelling suggests that the evolution of communication between bacterial viruses requires repeated outbreak events, and the model then predicts typical communication strategies.

The new vaccine candidate for tuberculosis displays superior protection against disease when compared the currently available vaccine, and can potentially provide new options for global childhood vaccination programs.

Contrary to the current perception, insect eggs are very capable of defending themselves against pathogens.

Single-cell amplified genome sequencing uncovers virus-host interactions in uncultivated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria with relevance to coupled biogeochemical cycling in marine oxygen minimum zones.

Bacteria use the transcription factor binding region of their transcription activator-like effectors to hijack host basal transcription factor to cause rice diseases by activating host susceptibility genes.