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Evolutionary game theory identifies reciprocation as a key winning strategy for warring bacteria.

Starfish feed by everting their stomach out of their mouth over prey and, interestingly, this unusual feeding mechanism is inhibited by substances similar to hormones that regulate feeding in humans.

Neural processes for perception and confidence can be separated thanks to computational electroencephalography, thus revealing a neural circuit specific to metacognition.

Prefrontal cortex plays a leading role in sequential decisions compared to posterior parietal cortex and relies on nonlinear integration of sensory and mnemonic information for decision formation.

β-Hydroxybutyrate accumulates in the perfused rat heart during ischaemia, driven by flux through both HMGCS and SCOT, with implications for functional recovery.

Metabolic flux analysis, biochemistry assays, and functional confirmation in mice show that the ubiquitination and degradation of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) mediated by CUL3-KLHL25 promotes the switch from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation for iTreg differentiation.

Minimal modifications of common regulatory circuits can allow bacteria to learn from the past to better predict the future, on a physiological, rather than evolutionary, timescale.

Neolithic was a turning point for immune responses in Europeans, favoring tolerance against intracellular pathogens, promoting inflammation against extracellular microbes, and being related to current auto-immune diseases.

The number of inflows and outflows at the occluded capillary governs the local flow reduction, and the different topological configurations are probably designed for distinct functional tasks.

New evidence shows that when there is uncertainty about an action's goal the motor system creates a single action plan that optimizes task performance rather than averaging multiple potential plans.