The human gut bacterial lipoprotein BtuG binds vitamin B12 with femtomolar affinity, can remove vitamin B12 from human intrinsic factor, and is required for commensal fitness in the gut.

Active uptake and metabolism of maternal vitamin D by the placenta determine fetal exposure to vitamin D and how vitamin D regulates the placental transcriptome, which is also determined by its underlying epigenetic landscape, and proteome.

Genetic analyses provide evidence that adiposity influences vitamin D levels at different timepoints over the lifecourse, suggesting that associations previously reported between vitamin D deficiency and disease by conventional epidemiological studies may have been prone to confounding.

Vitamin D regulates two human chromosomal loci, Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2, that are associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Vitamin C supports the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells by remodeling the DNA methylome to enhance STAT3 DNA binding.

Genomic evidence suggests that L-gulonolactone oxidase-the terminal enzyme in vitamin C synthesis, which has been repeatedly lost throughout animal evolution-was lost in plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes following plastid acquisition.

ECF-CbrT is a bacterial vitamin B12 transporter that is structurally different from the well-characterized transporter BtuCDF, yet has similar functional properties.

Vitamin D bound to its receptor interacts with SIRT1 to induce its auto deacetylation and catalytic activity, which drives anti-proliferative effects in colorrectal cancer and this may lead to new therapeutic approaches for colorrectal and perhaps other cancers.

The dietary vitamin riboflavin provides the chemical backbone to generate essential substrates that support liver glucose metabolism during low-nutrient conditions.

An analysis of national survey data shows that vitamin A might protect against malaria infection, an effect potentially modified by seasonality, and that no routine vaccinations were linked to parasitemia, though BCG vaccination was associated with PfHRP-2 antigenemia.