Cryo-electron microscopy structures show how coliphage HK022 Nun blocks Escherichia coli RNA polymerase translocation by mediating multiple interactions between the RNA polymerase and nucleic acids.

DLK signaling network reveals the conserved function in neuritogenesis and synapse formation, and highlights the regulation of c-Jun translation and microtubule homeostasis in hippocampal selective neuron vulnerability.

Muscarinic excitation of a previously ignored subtype of periglomerular interneuron in the olfactory bulb by endogenous synaptic release of acetylcholine.

Temperature, the presence of an enemy species and the density of the mutualistic partner species interact to determine the expression of a protective mutualism.

Genetic analyses illustrate the novel requirement of Ftz-f1 and Sim in adult Drosophila ovaries for regulating follicle cell differentiation and ovulation that is likely conserved in mammals.

LncRNAs are important to stabilize postmitotic cell fate of spinal motor neurons.

Mice with a mutation that disrupts the release of growth hormone show greatly increased lifespan, which can be further increased by caloric restriction.

Aconitate decarboxylase 1-derived itaconate reduces mitochondrial respiration via inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase but does not regulate inflammatory response or NRF2 expression in response to particulate matter.

The direct and indirect pathways of the dorsal striatum play indispensable roles in value-dependent action selection and value learning, respectively.

A user-friendly pipeline for analysis of time-lapse imaging data from the microfluidic mother machine.