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Future vaccination strategies in pneumococcal disease should target specific bacterial serotypes for different host age groups.

Bacteriophage can rapidly evolve resistance to anti-phage defense elements in bacteria by amplifying latent counter-defense genes, though this amplification comes at a cost of compensatory deletions that eliminate other counter-defense genes.

Defining the probability of bacterial disease among children with severe malaria allows the integration of bacteraemia and severe malaria genome-wide association study data, identifying a novel risk locus for invasive bacterial disease.

Zika virus infection induces the gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis in placental cells through TNF-α-caspase-8-caspase-3 signaling pathway, which contributes to adverse fetal outcomes in pregnant mouse model.

High-throughput single-cell based, genome-wide gene silencing screening (sCRilecs-seq) revealed that drugging the mevalonate pathway resensitizes amoxicillin-resistant pneumococci.

Interactions between a mobile resistance gene and chromosomal mutations drive the evolution of high-level antibiotic resistance.

By binding with their type 1 pili to the cell surface receptor CD14, pathogenic E. coli suppress the capacity of dendritic cells to activate T cells.

The entry glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus, E1E2, possess a novel regulatory mechanism in which protein disorder is harnessed to control their activity and their ability to evade antibodies.

Nosocomial transmission of SARS-Cov-2 in geriatric settings is complex, with different patterns between patients and healthcare workers working in Covid/non-Covid wards that should be taken into account when designing infection control strategies.

Comprehensive mutational scanning of the SARS-CoV-2 protease, M^pro, provides functional and structural information to aid in the design of more effective inhibitors against the protease with reduced potential of evolving viral resistance.