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Throughout learning, both unexpected outcomes and the predictive value of cues modulate learning rate and episodic memory, thereby supporting two seemingly opposing theories of associative learning.

Extended somatic hypermutation and clonal evolution associated with antibody neutralization breath in HIV controllers with low plasma viral loads provide promise for HIV vaccine development.

Heterotrimeric G-proteins can be switched on not only by G-protein-coupled receptors but also by cytoplasmic proteins, resulting in different signaling mechanisms in cells depending on the specific type of activator.

Rab25a and Rab25b mutant embryos exhibit epithelial spreading delays during morphogenesis and are characterized by cytokinesis defects leading to cell fusions, heterogeneous epithelial cell sizes, and reduced cortical actomyosin contractility.

Early suPAR-guided anakinra decreases the risk for severe respiratory failure in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and restores the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance.

Mechanical loading and the bone anabolic action of parathyroid hormone result in rapid, lysosomal degradation of sclerostin protein, revealing physiologically important post-translational control of this critical regulator of bone formation.

No discernible latitudinal diversity gradient in rocky intertidal α-diversity as local-scale physical and biological processes outweigh global-scale environmental gradients.

aDNA revealed a model of domestication where an ancient guanaco population no longer exists, the loss of the ancient vicuña genetic variation in the modern populations, and frequently interbreeding practices.

To improve the reliability of transmitting small single-photon voltage responses, rod photoreceptor cells release synaptic vesicles in regularly timed multivesicular events that are exquisitely sensitive to small voltage changes.

A delicate balance of neural activity is required during critical period in establishing innate odor preference.