Modern human diet patterns alter primate behavior and monocyte gene expression leading to monocyte polarization–experimental evidence of the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis.

The repair of spontaneous DNA damage can introduce mutators that lead to further genetic changes, which could underlie evolutionary change, disease and aging.

Socio-economic hierarchies may be bad for health, even among people living in a relatively traditional, small-scale society in the Bolivian Amazon.

Affinity measurements of microRNA sites representing >1000 different pairing architectures reveal that two binding modes can mediate pairing to the microRNA 3′ region, and that microRNA G and oligo(G/C) residues are most impactful.

The immune cells of macaques fed a Western-like diet adopt a pro-inflammatory profile.

Transposable elements and gene amplifications can provide variation needed for novel trait refinement and adaptation to new niches, though a recalcitrant organism-environment mismatch may persist.

Tucked within a well-known story of diverging gene function is a single enhancer encoding two inseparable specificities that regulates two adjacent genes, each with different spatiotemporal expression patterns.

Heterozygosity changes the balance between interfering and non-interfering crossovers during Arabidopsis meiosis.

Eukaryotic pathogens, like Cryptococcus deuterogattii, can use elevated mutation rates to more rapidly adapt to stresses, such as drug challenges, but at the cost of lower fitness in less stressful environments.

Intergenerational adaptations to stress play a critical role in organismal responses to changing environments and are largely lost or erased after one generation.