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    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Sweepstakes reproductive success via pervasive and recurrent selective sweeps

    Einar Árnason, Jere Koskela ... Bjarki Eldon
    Selective sweepstakes from pervasive positive selection, rather than demographic changes or random sweepstakes reproduction, is the primary determinant of reproductive skew and genetic diversity in the highly prolific Atlantic cod.
    1. Neuroscience

    Hierarchical architecture of dopaminergic circuits enables second-order conditioning in Drosophila

    Daichi Yamada, Daniel Bushey ... Yoshinori Aso
    A slow and stable memory unit instructs fast and transient units by activating dopaminergic neurons via an excitatory hub interneuron connecting those units during second-order conditioning in Drosophila.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Relating pathogenic loss-of-function mutations in humans to their evolutionary fitness costs

    Ipsita Agarwal, Zachary L Fuller ... Molly Przeworski
    Loss-of-function mutations in human genes are an important class of disease causing variation, and estimates of their effects on evolutionary fitness can be used to evaluate their pathogenicity.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A generalizable brain extraction net (BEN) for multimodal MRI data from rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans

    Ziqi Yu, Xiaoyang Han ... Jianfeng Feng
    The Brain Extraction Network (BEN) provides a robust, accurate, and generalizable solution not only for extracting brain tissue from multimodal MRI data in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, but also for improving the accuracy of downstream neuroimaging processing tasks.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Protein composition of axonal dopamine release sites in the striatum

    Lauren Kershberg, Aditi Banerjee, Pascal S Kaeser
    Proximity proteomics combined with mouse genetics are used to assess the composition of active zone-like sites for dopamine release and reveal that the scaffolding protein RIM organizes these sites.
    1. Neuroscience

    Human and macaque pairs employ different coordination strategies in a transparent decision game

    Sebastian Moeller, Anton M Unakafov ... Igor Kagan
    Using novel approach to study real-time social interactions shows that mutual action visibility facilitates static and dynamic coordination in both species, but whereas humans employ dynamic turn-taking to equalize rewards, macaques, after training with a human, compete between themselves.
    1. Cell Biology

    A mouse model of human mitofusin-2-related lipodystrophy exhibits adipose-specific mitochondrial stress and reduced leptin secretion

    Jake P Mann, Xiaowen Duan ... David B Savage
    The p.Arg707Trp mutation in Mfn2 causes adipose-specific activation of the integrated stress response, which lowers secretion of adipokines.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Efficient generation of marmoset primordial germ cell-like cells using induced pluripotent stem cells

    Yasunari Seita, Keren Cheng ... Kotaro Sasaki
    In vitro model of germline specification in marmosets established by directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which transcriptionally resemble pre-migratory primordial germ cells in vivo.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Medicine

    Efficacy and safety of metabolic interventions for the treatment of severe COVID-19: in vitro, observational, and non-randomized open-label interventional study

    Avner Ehrlich, Konstantinos Ioannidis ... Yaakov Nahmias
    Human metabolism-focused screens reveal clinically promising interventional strategies and repurposing targets to treat COVID-19.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Snf1/AMPK fine-tunes TORC1 signaling in response to glucose starvation

    Marco Caligaris, Raffaele Nicastro ... Claudio De Virgilio
    Discovery of new Snf1/AMPK targets in the TORC1 pathway highlights the complex, multilayered crosstalk between major signaling pathways in the regulation of nutrient deprivation sensing.