January 2026

Research articles

1. 1. Neuroscience

   Ventromedial striatal dopamine dynamically integrates motivated action and reward proximity

   Eugenia Z Poh, Nicky L Buitelaar ... Ingo Willuhn
2. 1. Neuroscience

   A forebrain hub for cautious actions via the midbrain

   Ji Zhou, Muhammad Sarmad Sajid ... Manuel A Castro-Alamancos

   Cautious action timing under threat depends on glutamatergic signaling from the subthalamic nucleus to the midbrain, revealing a circuit mechanism for adaptive goal-directed behavior.
3. 1. Neuroscience

   Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision-making

   Miguel Barretto-Garcia, Marcus Grueschow ... Christian C Ruff

   Disrupting left superior frontal sulcus selectively impaired perceptual but not value-based decisions, revealing segregated prefrontal circuits for integrating sensory evidence versus subjective preferences in human choice behaviour.
4. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

   The representation of facial emotion expands from sensory to prefrontal cortex with development

   Xiaoxu Fan, Abhishek Tripathi, Kelly Bijanki

   Facial emotion representations expand from sensory cortex to prefrontal regions across development, suggesting that the prefrontal cortex matures with development to enable a full understanding of facial emotion.
5. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Conformational Changes of the ABC Transporter BmrA Depend on Membrane Curvature

   Alicia Damm, Kemil Belhadji ... Patricia Bassereau
6. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   In extracto cryo-EM reveals eEF2 as a major hibernation factor on 60S and 80S particles

   Zahra Seraj, Ximena Zottig ... Andrei A Korostelev
7. 1. Neuroscience

   Human brain dynamics and spatiotemporal trajectories during threat processing

   Joyneel Misra, Luiz Pessoa

   Intrinsic neural attractors and extrinsic environmental inputs jointly steer the dynamic trajectories of brain activity during threat processing.
8. 1. Cancer Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Mitochondrial protein carboxyl-terminal alanine-threonine tailing promotes human glioblastoma growth by regulating mitochondrial function

   Bei Zhang, Ting Cai ... Zhihao Wu

   The carboxyl-terminal alanine-threonine-tailed protein ATP5α helps glioblastoma mitochondria maintain a high membrane potential and keep the permeability transition pore closed, thereby promoting tumor growth and increasing resistance to apoptosis.
9. 1. Physics of Living Systems

   Feeding rates in sessile versus motile ciliates are hydrodynamically equivalent

   Jingyi Liu, Yi Man ... Eva Kanso

   Fluid flow analysis reveals that both swimming and sessile ciliates achieve competitive nutrient uptake, resolving the long-standing debate over the hydrodynamic advantage of either strategy.
10. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Single-cell transcriptomics identifies altered neutrophil dynamics and accentuated T-cell cytotoxicity in tobacco-flavored e-cigarette-exposed mouse lungs

    Gagandeep Kaur, Thomas Lamb ... Irfan Rahman

    Profiling cell-specific immune responses reveals altered neutrophil function and enhanced T-cell mediated cell death following acute in vivo exposure to tobacco-flavored e-cigarette aerosol using single-cell technology.
11. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Gut microbe-derived trimethylamine shapes circadian rhythms through the host receptor TAAR5

    Kala K Mahen, William J Massey ... Jonathan Mark Brown

    The gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) activates the host receptor trace amine-associated 5 (TAAR5) to instruct circadian rhythms.
12. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Accelerated evolution in networked metapopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Partha Pratim Chakraborty, Rees Kassen

    Centralized migration accelerates adaptation and drives parallel evolution, emphasizing the key influence of spatial organization on evolutionary dynamics across systems from pathogen transmission to species range shifts.
13. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Branched actin polymerization drives invasive protrusion formation to promote myoblast fusion during mouse skeletal muscle regeneration

    Yue Lu, Tezin Walji ... Elizabeth H Chen

    Branched actin cytoskeleton is critical for myoblast fusion during mouse skeletal muscle regeneration.
14. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    RiboTRAP-seq identifies spatially distinct functions for the anterior and posterior intestine in immune and metabolic regulation in C. elegans

    Chung-Chih Liu, Nicolas Seban, Supriya Srinivasan
15. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Maternal SETDB1 enables development beyond cleavage stages by extinguishing the MERVL-driven 2-cell totipotency transcriptional program in the mouse embryo

    Tie-Bo Zeng, Zhen Fu ... Piroska E Szabó
16. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM structure revealed a novel F-actin binding motif in a Legionella pneumophila lysine fatty acyltransferase

    Wenjie W Zeng, Garrison Komaniecki ... Yuxin Mao

    A novel F-actin-binding motif consisting of an α-helix hairpin from a Legionella pneumophila lysine fatty acyltransferase has the potential to be developed as an F-actin probe.
17. 1. Neuroscience

    Identifying regulators of associative learning using a protein-labelling approach in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Aelon Rahmani, Anna McMillen ... Yee Lian Chew

    An innovative and scalable proximity labelling method profiled proteins present in the Caenorhabditis elegans brain during learning, identifying known regulators as well as novel biological pathways.
18. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Global risk mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and H5Nx in the light of epidemic episodes occurring from 2020 onwards

    Marie-Cécile Dupas, Maria F Vincenti-Gonzalez ... Simon Dellicour

    Post-2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 circulation is characterised by spatially expanded ecological suitability, changes in key environmental predictors, and a wider range of avian species affected.
19. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Allosteric effects of the coupling cation in melibiose transporter MelB

    Parameswaran Hariharan, Yuqi Shi ... Lan Guan

    Intrinsic conformational flexibility of a solute transporter is restrained by substrates, resulting in Na+ allosterically enhancing primary substrate binding through cooperative constraints on the dynamics of the cytoplasmic inner barrier.
20. 1. Neuroscience

    Executive resources shape the impact of language predictability across the adult lifespan

    Merle Marie Schuckart, Sandra Martin ... Jonas Obleser

    Analyses of self-paced reading times reveal that linguistic prediction deteriorates under limited executive resources, with this resource sensitivity becoming markedly more pronounced with advancing age.
21. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Mast cells promote pathology and susceptibility in tuberculosis

    Ananya Gupta, Vibha Taneja ... Shabaana A Khader

    Conserved mast-cell activation, marked by elevated protease expression, aligns with progressive tuberculosis across human, macaque, and murine models.
22. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    The Multivariate SEM-PGS Model: Using Polygenic Scores to Investigate Cross-Trait Genetic Nurture and Assortative Mating

    Xuanyu Lyu, Jared Balbona ... Matthew C Keller
23. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Cell cycle-resolved Hi-C reveals unexpected plasticity of A/B compartments across interphase

    Linda Choubani, Hisashi Miura ... Ichiro Hiratani
24. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    FRG1 Regulates Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay by Modulating UPF1 Levels

    Ananya Palo, Talina Mohapatra ... Manjusha Dixit
25. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Uncoupling the TFIIH Core and Kinase Modules Leads To Misregulated RNA Polymerase II CTD Serine 5 Phosphorylation

    Gabriela Giordano, Robin Buratowski ... Stephen Buratowski
26. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Plant Biology

    AT-HOOK-MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 extends plant longevity by binding at poorly accessible, epigenetic mark-depleted chromatin that surrounds transcribed regions

    Thalia Luden, Jihed Chouaref, Remko Offringa
27. 1. Neuroscience

    Inhibitory circuits control leg movements during Drosophila grooming

    Durafshan Sakeena Syed, Primoz Ravbar, Julie H Simpson

    Anatomical and behavioral characterization of inhibitory neurons in the Drosophila ventral nerve cord shows their critical, diverse roles in limb coordination.
28. 1. Neuroscience

    TRPV3 channel activity helps cortical neurons stay active during fever

    Yiming Shen, Richárd Fiáth ... Michelle W Antoine

    Developmental electrophysiological adaptations and heat-sensitive proteins, such as TRPV3, in cortical excitatory neurons help maintain stable activity levels when brain temperature rises by 2–3°C during fever.
29. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Neuroscience

    Microglia replacement by ER-Hoxb8 conditionally immortalized macrophages provides insight into Aicardi–Goutières syndrome neuropathology

    Kelsey M Nemec, Genevieve Uy ... F Chris Bennett

    A microglia replacement approach demonstrates that brain macrophages with patient mutations from Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, a genetic, brain predominant interferonopathy, are sufficient to drive interferon responses.
30. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Directed differentiation of functional corticospinal-like neurons from endogenous SOX6+/NG2+ cortical progenitors

    Abdulkadir Ozkan, Hari K Padmanabhan ... Jeffrey D Macklis

    Developmentally-based directed differentiation from cortical progenitors sets a foundation for in vitro mechanistic and therapeutic disease modeling, and toward regenerative neuronal repopulation and circuit repair.
31. 1. Neuroscience

    Synaptic mechanisms modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of striatal direct pathway neurons and motor output

    John J Marshall, Jian Xu ... Anis Contractor

    Bidirectional modulation of the activity of the synaptic protein mGluR5 alters spontaneous mouse motor behavior and produces correlated changes in co-activity patterns among direct pathway neurons in the dorsal striatum.
32. 1. Cancer Biology

    Identifying tissue states by spatial protein patterns related to chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer

    Luciana M Luque, Mohammad Asif Khan ... Linus J Schumacher
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Energy Landscape Analysis Reveals Thalamic Modulation of Brain State Transitions During Movie Watching

    Qiuyi Liu, Lili Sun ... Xia Liang
34. 1. Cell Biology

    Axonal distribution of mitochondria maintains neuronal autophagy during aging via eIF2β

    Kanako Shinno, Yuri Miura ... Kanae Ando

    Upregulation of the β subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2 underlies autophagy suppression and premature aging caused by disruption of axonal transport of mitochondria.
35. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Phenylhydrazone-based endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis regulator compounds with enhanced biological activity

    Gabriel M Kline, Lisa Boinon ... R Luke Wiseman

    Establishment of AA263 analogs with improved potential for correcting pathologic disruptions of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of etiologically diverse diseases.
36. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Activation of the Spx redox sensor counters cysteine-driven Fe(II) depletion under disulfide stress

    Abigail G Hall, Abdulelah A Alqarzaee ... Vinai C Thomas
37. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Impacts of DNA Methylation on H2A.Z Deposition and Nucleosome Stability

    Rochelle M Shih, Yasuhiro Arimura ... Hironori Funabiki
38. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Robust assessment of asymmetric division in colon cancer cells

    Domenico Caudo, Chiara Giannattasio ... Mattia Miotto

    Combining statistical modeling with flow cytometry enables reliable, high-throughput quantification of division asymmetry in live cells, revealing how partitioning noise may shape tumor cell heterogeneity.
39. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV

    Céline Fombellida-Lopez, Aurelija Valaitienė ... Gilles Darcis

    In a randomized trial, ART intensification by doubling the dolutegravir dosage in people with HIV stably suppressed on dolutegravir-based ART reduced levels of four HIV reservoir markers in peripheral blood.
40. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferative response 24 weeks after early antiretroviral therapy initiation is associated with the subsequent reduction in the viral reservoir

    Pien Margien van Paassen, Alexander O Pasternak ... Godelieve J de Bree

    In individuals who started antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection, the proliferative capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells at 24 weeks of therapy predicted the subsequent reduction in the viral reservoir.
41. 1. Cell Biology

    The IBEX knowledge-base a community resource enabling adoption and development of immunofluorescence imaging methods

    Ziv Yaniv, Ifeanyichukwu U Anidi ... Andrea J Radtke

    A dynamic, community-driven knowledge repository reduces research costs and accelerates scientific discovery by sharing validated reagent data, negative results, and protocols while rewarding contributors through formal authorship recognition.
42. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Computational modelling identifies key determinants of subregion-specific dopamine dynamics in the striatum

    Aske Ejdrup, Jakob Kisbye Dreyer ... Ulrik Gether

    A computational model of the striatal dopamine system predicts transporter expression and organisation as key determinants of regional striatal dopamine dynamics and distinct signal decoding by D1 and D2 receptors.
43. 1. Neuroscience

    Improved inference of latent neural states from calcium imaging data

    Stephen Keeley, David Zoltowski ... Jonathan Pillow
44. 1. Neuroscience

    Concurrent category-selective neural activity across the ventral occipito-temporal cortex supports a non-hierarchical view of human visual recognition

    Corentin Jacques, Jacques Jonas ... Bruno Rossion
45. 1. Neuroscience

    Domain-adaptive matching bridges synthetic and in vivo neural dynamics for neural circuit connectivity inference

    Kaiwen Sheng, Shanghang Zhang ... Kai Du
46. 1. Neuroscience

    Involuntary feedback responses reflect a representation of partner actions

    Seth R Sullivan, John H Buggeln ... Joshua GA Cashaback
47. 1. Neuroscience

    Subregional activity in the dentate gyrus is amplified during elevated cognitive demands

    Charlotte CM Castillon, Shintaro Otsuka ... Anis Contractor
48. 1. Ecology

    Dopamine and its receptor DcDop2 are involved in the mutualistic interaction between ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and Diaphorina citri

    Xiaoge Nian, Jiayun Li ... Songdou Zhang
49. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Benchmarking of signaling networks generated by large language models

    Jeevan Tewari, Benjamin W Dahl, Jeffrey J Saucerman
50. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Cancer Biology

    Molecular and Functional Analysis of Calcium Binding by a Cancer-linked Calreticulin Mutant

    Ishmael Nii Ayibontey Tagoe, Amanpreet Kaur ... Malini Raghavan
51. 1. Medicine
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    A titin missense variant drives atrial electrical remodeling and is associated with atrial fibrillation

    Mahmud Arif Pavel, Hanna Chen ... Dawood Darbar

    Genetic and electrophysiological studies uncover a mechanism linking a TTN missense variant to atrial fibrillation by coupling titin with potassium channel remodeling, revealing FHL2 as a modulator and therapeutic target.
52. 1. Neuroscience

    Feedback of peripheral saccade targets to early foveal cortex

    Luca Kämmer, Lisa M Kroell ... Martin N Hebart

    Low-level features of peripheral saccade targets are fed back to early foveal retinotopic cortex in a signal that resembles activation elicited by direct foveal presentation.
53. 1. Developmental Biology

    Human spinal cord organoids reveal cell intercalation as a conserved mechanism for secondary neurulation

    José Blanco-Ameijeiras, Yara El Majzoub ... Elisa Martí
54. 1. Developmental Biology

    Patient-specific iPSC models of neural tube defects identify underlying deficiencies in neuroepithelial cell shape regulation and differentiation

    Ioakeim Ampartzidis, Elliott M Thompson ... Gabriel L Galea
55. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Purified Zymogens Reveal Mechanisms of Snake Venom Metalloproteinase Auto-Activation

    Sophie Hall, Iara Aimê Cardoso ... Christiane Schaffitzel
56. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Cancer Biology

    RAB14-dependent tubulovesicular recycling directs MET to invadopodia, promoting TNBC cell invasion

    Amrita Khamari, Atreyee Guria ... Sunando Datta
57. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Anti-resonance in developmental signaling regulates cell fate decisions

    Samuel J Rosen, Olivier Witteveen ... Maxwell Z Wilson

    Human cells decode dynamics Wnt signals using an anti-resonant filter that suppresses intermediate-frequency inputs and is capable of redirecting developmental fate outcomes, including germ-layer specification.
58. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Ω-Loop mutations control dynamics of the active site by modulating the hydrogen-bonding network in PDC-3 β-lactamase

    Shuang Chen, Andrew R Mack ... Shozeb Haider

    Clinically relevant Ω-loop mutations in PDC-3 reshape active-site dynamics to enhance β-lactamase activity, providing mechanistic insights that can guide the rational design of inhibitors.
59. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Shifting the PPARγ conformational ensemble toward a transcriptionally repressive state improves covalent inhibitor efficacy

    Liudmyla Arifova, Brian S MacTavish ... Douglas J Kojetin

    Covalent PPARγ inhibitors that better stabilize a repressive conformation are more effective inhibitors, but structural plasticity still allows ligand cobinding by enabling a shift back to an active conformation.
60. 1. Neuroscience

    cxcl18b-defined transitional state-specific nitric oxide drives injury-induced Müller glia cell-cycle re-entry in the zebrafish retina

    Aojun Ye, Shuguang Yu ... Chang Chen

    Identification of a nitric oxide-regulated transitional state of Müller glia reveals a key mechanism enabling neuronal regeneration in the injured vertebrate retina.
61. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Western lifestyle linked to maladaptive trained immunity

    Aurelia Josephine Merbecks, Christabel Mennicken ... Eicke Latz

    Trained immunity enhances innate immune responses, yet a Western lifestyle may lead to maladaptive trained immunity and drive non-communicable diseases.
62. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Bruce suppresses autophagy-regulated caspase activity and wing tissue growth in Drosophila

    Natsuki Shinoda, Yutaro Hama ... Masayuki Miura
63. 1. Cell Biology

    Specialisation of meiotic kinetochores revealed through a synthetic SAC strategy

    Lori B Koch, Christos Spanos, Adele L Marston
64. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Rapid evolution of fine-scale recombination during domestication: a perspective from population genomics

    Zheng-Xi Liu, Ming Li ... Ming-Shan Wang
65. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Efficient transduction of pancreas tissue slices with genetically encoded calcium integrators

    Charles S Lazimi, Austin E Stis ... Edward A Phelps
66. 1. Neuroscience

    Modeling and simulation of neocortical micro- and mesocircuitry (Part II, Physiology and experimentation)

    James B Isbister, András Ecker ... Michael W Reimann

    A general and open multiscale cortical model is presented which can be used by the community to study neural coding, spike sorting, plasticity, optogenetic and extracellular stimulation, local field potential, and electroencephalography.
67. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Single-cell profiling of trabecular meshwork identifies mitochondrial dysfunction in a glaucoma model that is protected by vitamin B3 treatment

    Nicholas Tolman, Taibo Li ... Simon WM John

    Single-cell transcriptomics identifies three discrete mouse trabecular meshwork subtypes and demonstrates that an Lmx1b glaucoma mutation drives mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated intraocular pressure, which is lessened by vitamin B3 supplementation.
68. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    ATAD2 mediates chromatin-bound histone chaperone turnover

    Ariadni Liakopoulou, Fayçal Boussouar ... Saadi Khochbin

    ATAD2 orchestrates histone turnover during spermatogenesis, regulating H3.3 deposition, chromatin condensation, and genome packaging to ensure proper sperm genome organization and transcriptional control.
69. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Identification of a sub-population of synovial mesenchymal stem cells with enhanced treatment efficacy in a rat model of osteoarthritis

    Nedaa Al-Jezani, Asmaa Affan ... Roman J Krawetz

    CD47^Hi synovial mesenchymal stem cells are identified as a functionally distinct sub-population that regenerates articular cartilage and reduces osteoarthritis severity in a preclinical joint injury model.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    Modeling and simulation of neocortical micro- and mesocircuitry (Part I, anatomy)

    Michael W Reimann, Sirio Bolaños-Puchet ... Srikanth Ramaswamy

    A morphologically detailed model of brain region anatomy serves as the foundation for biophysically detailed simulations and provides insights into local and inter-regional connectivity.
71. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Reproducibility of Scientific Claims in Drosophila Immunity: A Retrospective Analysis of 400 Publications

    Hannah Westlake, Fabrice David ... Bruno Lemaitre
72. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    A retrospective analysis of 400 publications reveals patterns of irreproducibility across an entire life sciences research field

    Joseph Lemaitre, Désirée Popelka ... Bruno Lemaitre
73. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Improved cryo-EM reconstruction of sub-50 kDa complexes using 2D template matching

    Kexin Zhang, Timothy Grant, Nikolaus Grigorieff
74. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    GMCL1 controls 53BP1 stability and modulates taxane sensitivity

    Yuki Kito, Tania J González-Robles ... Michele Pagano

    GMCL1-dependent degradation of 53BP1 suppresses mitotic surveillance, tuning p53 activation thresholds that govern cell fate decisions and cellular responses after mitosis.
75. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Predicting human decision-making across task conditions via individuality transfer

    Hiroshi Higashi

    Encoding individual behavioral traits into a low-dimensional latent representation enables the accurate prediction of decision-making patterns across distinct task conditions.
76. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A high-resolution analysis of arrestin2 interactions responsible for CCR5 endocytosis

    Ivana Petrovic, Samit Desai ... Stephan Grzesiek

    Formation and stability of endocytic receptor-arrestin complexes during clathrin-mediated endocytosis are governed by phosphorylation-dependent arrestin-AP2 interactions.
77. 1. Neuroscience

    Dual-feature selectivity enables bidirectional coding in visual cortical neurons

    Katrin Franke, Nikos Karantzas ... Andreas Tolias
78. 1. Neuroscience

    Distinct goal location beta frequency dynamics in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex across learning

    Glingna Wang, Nan Zhou ... Jai Y Yu
79. 1. Developmental Biology

    Glial betaPix is essential for blood vessel development in the zebrafish brain

    Shihching Chiu, Qinchao Zhou ... Jing-Wei Xiong

    The glial-specific role of betaPix during cerebral blood vessel development has been revealed by establishing a new betaPix conditional trap allele in zebrafish.
80. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Stratification of viral shedding patterns in saliva of COVID-19 patients

    Hyeongki Park, Yoshimura Raiki ... Taiga Miyazaki

    Distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in saliva reveal heterogeneity that cannot be sufficiently explained by conventional clinical characteristics or microRNA profiles alone.
81. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Biologically informed cortical models predict optogenetic perturbations

    Christos Sourmpis, Carl CH Petersen ... Guillaume Bellec

    Multi area RNN models fitted to in-vivo cortical activity predict behavioral changes induced by optogenetic perturbations, if biologically informed connectivity constraints on the optogenetically targeted inhibitory neurons are applied.
82. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Targeted computational design of an interleukin-7 superkine with enhanced folding efficiency and immunotherapeutic efficacy

    See-Khai Lim, Wen-Ching Lin ... Kurt Yun Mou

    Targeted computational redesign of an IL-7 superkine with enhanced folding efficiency and receptor affinity demonstrates superior immune-stimulatory and antitumor activity over wild-type IL-7.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    Disruption of theta-timescale spiking impairs learning but spares hippocampal replay

    Abhilasha Joshi, Alison E Comrie ... Loren M Frank
84. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A novel high-throughput single-cell DNA sequencing method reveals hidden genomic heterogeneity in the unicellular eukaryote Leishmania

    Gabriel H Negreira, Pieter Monsieurs ... Malgorzata A Domagalska
85. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Functionally coupled ion channels begin co-assembling at the start of their synthesis

    Roya Pournejati, Jessica M Huang ... Oscar Vivas

    BK and Ca_V1.3 channels interact early during biogenesis, assembling intracellularly before membrane localization, indicating coordinated processes for functional coupling.
86. 1. Medicine

    Association between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and coronary plaque vulnerability: A retrospective exploratory analysis

    Hikaru Sugimoto, Ken-ichi Hironaka ... Shinya Kuroda

    The mean, variance, and autocorrelation of glucose dynamics are independently associated with coronary plaque vulnerability.
87. 1. Developmental Biology

    Rtf1-dependent transcriptional pausing regulates cardiogenesis

    Adam D Langenbacher, Fei Lu ... Jau-Nian Chen

    Genetic approaches identify Rtf1-dependent transcriptional pausing as an essential mechanism governing the deployment of the cardiac gene program during myocardial differentiation from the mesoderm.
88. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Neuroscience

    Trained immunity in acute and chronic neurological diseases

    Sijia Zhang, Arthur Liesz

    Trained immunity provides a unifying framework linking innate immune memory to both protective and maladaptive inflammation across neurological diseases, offering new insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
89. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    The long non-coding RNA Dreg1 is required for optimal ILC2 development

    Sara Quon, Adelynn Tang ... Rhys S Allan
90. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural Traces of Forgotten Memories Persist in Humans and are Behaviorally Relevant

    Tom Willems, Konstantinos Zervas ... Katharina Henke
91. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Insights from aquaporin structures into drug-resistant sleeping sickness

    Modestas Matusevicius, Robin A Corey ... Simone Weyand

    Cryo-EM structures of human aquaporin AQP2 bound to the anti-trypanosomal drugs pentamidine and melarsoprol identify the molecular mechanism for drug-resistant sleeping sickness.
92. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Afadin sorts different retinal neuron types into accurate cellular layers

    Matthew R Lum, Sachin Patel ... Xin Duan

    Genetic perturbation of Afadin in the retina reveals its importance for the precise organization of the retinal layers while leaving neuronal fate and numbers unaffected.
93. 1. Neuroscience

    A unifying account of replay as context-driven memory reactivation

    Zhenglong Zhou, Michael J Kahana, Anna C Schapiro

    A context-driven memory model simulates a wide range of characteristics of waking and sleeping hippocampal replay, providing a new account of how and why replay occurs.
94. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Fish CDK2 recruits Dtx4 to degrade TBK1 through ubiquitination in the antiviral response

    Long-Feng Lu, Can Zhang ... Shun Li

    CDK2-mediated TBK1 degradation via Dtx4 represents a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism that modulates antiviral immunity in fish.
95. 1. Cell Biology

    Secreted exosomes induce filopodia formation

    Caitlin McAtee, Mikin R Patel ... Alissa M Weaver

    Exosome-associated THSD7A is identified as a key trigger of filopodia formation in cancer cells and neurons, revealing a novel pathway with implications for metastasis, neuronal connectivity, and other filopodia-dependent processes.
96. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Nonlinear transcriptional responses to gradual modulation of transcription factor dosage

    Júlia Domingo, Mariia Minaeva ... Tuuli Lappalainen

    A new CRISPR-based approach for tuning gene expression up and down allowed identification of how other genes' expression responds to changes of transcription factors.
97. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    The RNA-binding protein HuR modulates the expression of the disease-linked CCL2 rs1024611G-rs13900T haplotype

    Feroz Akhtar, Joselin Hernandez Ruiz ... Srinivas Mummidi

    Bioinformatics, RNA-protein interactions, and HuR-based functional studies demonstrated that the rs13900T allele modulates CCL2 transcript levels, providing a functional link between the CCL2 rs1024611G-rs13900T haplotype and disease susceptibility/progression.
98. 1. Neuroscience

    Prefoldin 5 is a microtubule-associated protein that suppresses Tau aggregation and neurotoxicity

    Anjali Bisht, Srikanth Pippadpally ... Vimlesh Kumar

    Prefoldin 5 stabilises neuronal microtubules and suppresses Tau-mediated neurotoxicity, offering a potential therapeutic target for tauopathies.
99. 1. Neuroscience

    Prior cocaine use disrupts identification of hidden states by single units and neural ensembles in orbitofrontal cortex

    Wenhui Zong, Lauren E Mueller ... Geoffrey Schoenbaum
100. 1. Neuroscience

     Neural correlates of perceptual consciousness from within: a narrative review of human intracranial research

     Francois Stockart, Alexis Robin ... Nathan Faivre
101. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Conformational Variability of HIV-1 Env Trimer and Viral Vulnerability

     Yiwei Cao, Wonpil Im
102. 1. Medicine
     2. Neuroscience

     Impaired Adaptive Learning in Chronic Pain Contributes to Apathy

     Xinyuan Yan, Crina M Peterson ... David P Darrow
103. 1. Neuroscience

     Brain-derived estrogens facilitate male-typical behaviors by potentiating androgen receptor signaling in medaka

     Yuji Nishiike, Shizuku Maki ... Kataaki Okubo

     Estrogens produced in the teleost brain increase neural sensitivity to testicular androgens by directly stimulating androgen receptor transcription, thereby eliciting male-typical behaviors.
104. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     ATP burst is the dominant driver of antibiotic lethality in Mycobacterium smegmatis

     Tejan Lodhiya, Aseem Palande ... Raju Mukherjee

     Multiomics and biochemical studies reveal that excess ATP levels, and not ROS, is the dominant driver for antibiotic cidality in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
105. 1. Neuroscience

     Establishing synthetic ribbon-type active zones in a heterologous expression system

     Rohan Kapoor, Thanh Thao Do ... Tobias Moser

     Synthetic ribbon-type active zones are reconstituted in cultured cells using a minimal set of proteins that partially mimic structural and functional features of cochlear inner hair cell active zones.
106. 1. Neuroscience

     Between-species variation in neocortical sulcal anatomy of the carnivoran brain

     Magdalena Boch, Katrin Karadachka ... Rogier B Mars

     A large-scale investigation of carnivoran brain diversity, providing a unified description of folding patterns, their relationship to behaviour and ecology, and the foundation for future investigations of carnivoran neuroecology.
107. 1. Neuroscience

     Hypothalamic deiodinase type-3 establishes the period of circannual interval timing in mammals

     Calum Stewart, T Adam Liddle ... Tyler J Stevenson

     Transcriptomic and genomic mutations reveal the mechanistic basis of timing seasonal life history transitions.
108. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Comparative developmental transcriptomics of Drosophila mushroom body neurons highlights the mevalonate pathway as a regulator of axon growth

     Lora Fahdan, Hagar Meltzer ... Oren Schuldiner
109. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Pathogen-Phage Geomapping to Overcome Resistance

     Camilla Do, Keiko C Salazar ... Anthony W Maresso
110. 1. Neuroscience

     Dissociable neural substrates of integration and segregation in exogenous attention

     Yu-Jie Chen, Ai-Su Li ... Yang Zhang
111. 1. Neuroscience

     Symmetric brain-liver circuits mediate lateralized regulation of hepatic glucose output

     Zhonglong Wang, Xiangfei Gong ... Hao Xie
112. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

     Predicting the effect of CRISPR-Cas9-based epigenome editing

     Sanjit Singh Batra, Alan Cabrera ... Yun S Song

     Machine learning models reveal that histone marks are predictive of gene expression across human cell types and highlight important nuances between natural control and the effects of CRISPR-Cas9-based epigenome editing.
113. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Dilated cardiomyopathy-associated RNA-binding motif protein 20 regulates long pre-mRNAs in neurons

     Giulia Di Bartolomei, Raúl Ortiz ... Peter Scheiffele

     An alternative splicing regulator previously implicated in calcium signaling in the heart ensures cell-type-specific mRNA processing of long neuronal mRNAs in the mouse brain.
114. 1. Cell Biology

     Overexpression of Ssd1 and calorie restriction extend yeast replicative lifespan by preventing deleterious age-dependent iron uptake

     J Ignacio Gutierrez, Claudia Edgar, Jessica K Tyler

     Live imaging analyses in budding yeast reveal that calorie restriction and overexpression of the mRNA binding protein Ssd1 both block deleterious age-dependent iron uptake as a mechanism to extend lifespan.
115. 1. Neuroscience

     A geometric shape regularity effect in the human brain

     Mathias Sablé-Meyer, Lucas Benjamin ... Stanislas Dehaene

     fMRI and MEG results in adults and children show encoding of abstract geometric regularities in dorsal-parietal, temporal, and frontal regions, pointing to a system for symbolic geometric representation in humans.
116. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Linking complex microbial interactions and dysbiosis through a disordered Lotka–Volterra model

     Jacopo Pasqualini, Amos Maritan ... Samir Suweis

     Linking biological research with disordered-systems modeling, providing new insights into gut microbiome stability, functioning, and their relationship with health.
117. 1. Cell Biology

     Chemotherapy resistance due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is caused by abnormal lipid metabolic balance

     Atsushi Matsumoto, Akihito Inoko ... Junichi Ikenouchi

     Lipid imbalance triggered by Snail-driven epithelial–mesenchymal transition creates a cholesterol-dependent vulnerability that can be therapeutically targeted to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
118. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Division Asymmetry Drives Cell Size Variability in Budding Yeast

     Félix Proulx-Giraldeau, Xin Gao ... Paul Francois
119. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Interplay Between Pulmonary Membrane Properties and Lung Disease: A Study of Seven Bottlenose Dolphins

     Marilyn Porras-Gómez, Bengu Sueda Sengul ... Cecília Leal
120. 1. Neuroscience

     Synaptic Theory of Chunking in Working Memory

     Weishun Zhong, Mikhail Katkov, Misha Tsodyks
121. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Short activation domains control chromatin association of transcription factors

     Vinson B Fan, Abrar A Abidi ... Max V Staller

     Single-molecule tracking of transcription factors in living cells revealed how mutations that make short activation domains stronger increased the fraction of transcription factor molecules bound to chromatin and led to longer residence times on chromatin.
122. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Affinity-guided labeling reveals P2X7 nanoscale membrane redistribution during BV2 microglial activation

     Benoit Arnould, Adeline Martz ... Thomas Grutter

     An affinity-guided chemical strategy enabling highly specific biotinylation of P2X7 receptors reveals, by super-resolution microscopy, how the nanoscale organization of endogenous P2X7 in BV2 microglial cells dynamically changes upon activation.
123. 1. Neuroscience

     Two classes of amine/glutamate multi-transmitter neurons innervate Drosophila internal male reproductive organs

     Marta Chaverra, John Paul Toney ... R Steven Stowers

     Drosophila internal male reproductive organs exhibit parallel innervation by two types of multi-transmitter neurons, a subset of which are essential for fertility, and organ-specific spatially discrete neurotransmitter receptor expression.
124. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     The interplay between biomolecular assembly and phase separation

     Giacomo Bartolucci, Ivar S Haugerud ... Christoph A Weber

     Biomolecular assembly typically promotes phase separation while the presence of coexisting phases alters assembly kinetics.
125. 1. Neuroscience

     Pallium-encoded valence-specific chemosensory amplification of eye-body coordination in larval zebrafish

     Samuel KH Sy, Danny CW Chan ... Ho Ko
126. 1. Neuroscience

     Goal-directed visual information processing with GABAergic inhibition in parietal cortex

     Zhiyan Wang, Sinah Wiborg ... Sebastian M Frank
127. 1. Neuroscience

     Preserved cerebellar functions despite structural degeneration in older adults

     Anda de Witte, Anouck Matthijs ... Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
128. 1. Neuroscience

     Dissecting surveying behavior of reactive microglia under chronic neurodegeneration

     Sunitha Subhramanian, Olga Bocharova ... Ilia V Baskakov

     In chronic neurodegeneration associated with prion disease, reactive microglia adopt a highly mobile, neuron-by-neuron surveillance strategy, replacing homeostatic process-based monitoring with dynamic somatic migration and prolonged neuronal engagement.
129. 1. Neuroscience

     Pupil dilation offers a time-window on prediction error

     Olympia Colizoli, Tessa M van Leeuwen ... Harold Bekkering

     Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.
130. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Cross-species evaluation of TANGO2 homologs, including HRG-9 and HRG-10 in Caenorhabditis elegans, challenges a proposed role in heme trafficking

     Sarah E Sandkuhler, Kayla S Youngs ... Samuel J Mackenzie

     Evidence from multiple model systems supports a shift away from heme transport and toward metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress as key drivers of TANGO2 deficiency.
131. 1. Neuroscience

     Phase-specific premotor inhibition modulates leech rhythmic motor output

     Martina Radice, Agustin Sanchez Merlinsky ... Lidia Szczupak

     Premotor nonspiking neurons regulate the level of motor activity through a recurrent inhibitory circuit.
132. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Reconstructing voice identity from noninvasive auditory cortex recordings

     Charly Lamothe, Etienne Thoret ... Pascal Belin

     A low-dimensional voice latent space derived from deep learning captures speaker-identity representations in the temporal voice areas and supports reconstruction of voices preserving identity information.
133. 1. Neuroscience

     Barcode activity in a recurrent network model of the hippocampus enables efficient memory binding

     Ching Fang, Jack W Lindsey ... Selmaan N Chettih

     The representation of individual memories in a recurrent neural network can be efficiently differentiated using chaotic recurrent dynamics.
134. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Replication stress-inducing ELF3 upregulation promotes BRCA1-deficient breast tumorigenesis in luminal progenitors

     Jiadong Zhou, Xiao Albert Zhou ... Jiadong Wang

     A replication stress–ELF3 axis enables luminal progenitor transformation in BRCA1-deficient breast cancer by reducing genomic instability and promoting progenitor identity.
135. 1. Cancer Biology

     Identification of a Musashi2 translocation as a novel oncogene in myeloid leukemia

     Kyle Spinler, Michael Hamilton ... Tannishtha Reya

     A naturally occurring Musashi2 genetic translocation reported to occur in blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia patients can act as an oncogene and drive myeloid leukemia.
136. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Atypical collective oscillatory activity in cardiac tissue uncovered by optogenetics

     Alexander S Teplenin, Nina N Kudryashova ... Tim De Coster

     Collective frequency-selective resonance in depolarised cardiac tissue enables reversible switching between quiescent and ectopic oscillations through hidden bi-stability, which is shaped by light intensity, illuminated area, and pacing frequency.
137. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     A co-evolutionary perspective on humans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the era of systems biology

     Michaela T Reichmann, Liku B Tezera ... Paul T Elkington

     The deep evolutionary relationship between humans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis suggests latent infection may confer benefit, with important consequences for investigating and interpreting host–pathogen interactions.
138. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     The PPE2 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance during tuberculosis

     Manoj Kumar Bisht, Vandana Maurya ... Sangita Mukhopadhyay
139. 1. Plant Biology

     Rice stripe virus utilizes a Laodelphax striatellus salivary carbonic anhydrase to facilitate plant infection by direct molecular interaction

     Jing Zhao, Xiangyi Meng ... Lili Zhang

     Planthopper salivary carbonic anhydrase enhances a plant β-1,3-glucanase to suppress callose deposition, facilitating early viral establishment of rice stripe virus.
140. 1. Neuroscience

     Neural coding of multiple motion speeds in visual cortical area MT

     Xin Huang, Bikalpa Ghimire ... Steven Wiesner

     Neuronal responses in cortical area MT to two speeds show a robust bias toward the faster speed when stimulus speeds are slow, which could benefit figure-ground segregation in natural scenes.
141. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Decoding the biogenesis of HIV-induced CPSF6 puncta and their fusion with nuclear speckles

     Chiara Tomasini, Celine Cuche ... Francesca Di Nunzio

     HIV hijacks SRRM2 to enlarge nuclear speckles, stabilizing CPSF6 puncta and promoting efficient viral replication.
142. 1. Neuroscience

     Dependence of contextual modulation in macaque V1 on interlaminar signal flow

     Shude Zhu, Yu Jin Oh ... Tirin Moore

     Interactions between neurons across cortical layers reflect the balance of feedforward and feedback inputs.
143. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Heterogeneity of genetic sequence within quasi-species of influenza virus revealed by single-molecule sequencing

     Kenji Tamao, Hiroyuki Noji, Kazuhito Tabata

     High-accuracy single-molecule unique molecular identifier sequencing reveals non-random, biologically driven mutation heterogeneity within influenza quasi-species, enabling precise profiling of intra-host viral evolutionary potential.
144. 1. Neuroscience

     PKD2L1 channels segregated to the apical compartment are the exclusive dual-mode pH sensor in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons

     Magdalena Vitar, Daniel Prieto ... Federico F Trigo
145. 1. Cell Biology

     A conserved Hsp70 phosphorylation regulates cell cycle progression after DNA damage

     Thomas Moss, Alexandra Wooldredge ... Shaeri Mukherjee
146. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     A default silencing mechanism restrains stress-induced genes in C. elegans

     Orkan Ilbay, Alejandro Rodriguez Gama ... Andrew Fire
147. 1. Developmental Biology

     Single-Cell Characterization of Anterior Segment Development: Cell Types, Pathways, and Signals Driving Formation of the Trabecular Meshwork and Schlemm’s Canal

     Revathi Balasubramanian, Nicholas Tolman ... Simon WM John
148. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     Separating selection from mutation in antibody language models

     Frederick A Matsen, Will Dumm ... Hugh K Haddox
149. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
     2. Medicine

     Direct MRI of Collagen

     Jason Daniel van Schoor, Markus Weiger ... Klaas Paul Pruessmann
150. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Fragile nucleosomes are essential for RNA Polymerase II to transcribe in eukaryotes

     Lingbo Li, Samuel Hunter ... Gongyi Zhang
151. 1. Developmental Biology

     The livebearers platyfish and swordtails partially regenerate their hearts with persistent scarring

     Vincent Hisler, Lana Rees ... Anna Jaźwińska
152. 1. Ecology

     Female moths incorporate plant acoustic emissions into their oviposition decision-making process

     Rya Seltzer, Guy Zer Eshel ... Yossi Yovel

     Acoustic ecology introduces an additional dimension in plant-insect communication, revealing that female moths use ultrasonic emissions from dehydrated plants to guide oviposition decisions.
153. 1. Neuroscience

     Population analyses reveal heterogenous encoding in the medial prefrontal cortex during naturalistic foraging

     Ji Hoon Jeong, June-Seek Choi

     During foraging under predatory threat, overlapping prefrontal neuron populations flexibly switch between encoding navigational space and predicting avoidance decisions.
154. 1. Cell Biology

     CCDC32 stabilizes clathrin-coated pits and drives their invagination

     Ziyan Yang, Changsong Yang ... Zhiming Chen

     Live cell imaging and biochemical analyses reveal that CCDC32 interacts with AP2 to stabilize and drive invagination of clathrin-coated pits, and that clinical mutations disrupting this interaction cause cardio-facio-neuro-developmental syndrome.
155. 1. Neuroscience

     Perceptual predictions track subjective, over objective, statistical structure

     Jessye Clarke, Kirsten Rittershofer ... Clare Press
156. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     A dual role for PGLYRP1 in host defense and immune regulation during B. pertussis infection

     David M Rickert, Sasha Cardozo ... Ciaran Skerry
157. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Investigating the native functions of [NiFe]-carbon monoxide dehydrogenases through genomic context analysis

     Maximilian Böhm, Henrik Land
158. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Deletion of the moeA gene in Flavobacterium IR1 drives structural color shift from green to blue and alters polysaccharide metabolism

     Álvaro Escobar Doncel, Constantinos Patinios ... Colin J Ingham

     Disrupting a single molybdenum cofactor gene allowed us to connect metabolic regulation of complex carbohydrates with cell organization, enabling genetic tuning of bacterial structural color for biomaterial applications.
159. 1. Neuroscience

     Differential destinations, dynamics, and functions of high- and low-order features in the feedback signal during object processing

     Wenhao Hou, Sheng He, Jiedong Zhang

     Feedback signals to the early visual cortex convey both high-order and low-order visual information, but with different laminar profiles, and the high-order information is important for object recognition.