A single-molecule approach is able to discriminate the redundant binding conformations of cellulosomal dockerin based on differences in their mechanical properties.
Qian Li, Yaw Tachie-Baffour ... Stephen D Liberles
Fish trace amine-associated receptors evolved a novel structural motif that enables the detection of chemically diverse amine odors in a non-canonical 'inverted' orientation.
Dopamine, a reward signal in the brain, can retroactively convert hippocampal synaptic depression into potentiation, suggesting an elegant biological solution to the distal reward problem.
Multi-electrode recordings and modeling are combined to reveal the transformations of signals from cones to bipolar cells and then to ganglion cells within the primate retina.
Amberlyn M Wands, Akiko Fujita ... Jennifer J Kohler
Cholera intoxication of human colonic epithelial cells is dependent on recognition of protein glycosylation and fucosylation, not exclusively on ganglioside recognition as proposed previously.
Mehmet Neset Özel, Marion Langen ... P Robin Hiesinger
Long-term live imaging in intact developing Drosophila brains reveals a role for N-Cadherin-mediated fast filopodial dynamics and growth cone stabilization during neural circuit assembly.
Aaron Arvey, Joris van der Veeken ... Alexander Y Rudensky
There is limited epigenetic conservation of lineage-specific DNA elements in Treg cells, and genetic variation in Treg cell specific enhancers is associated with autoimmune disease.
Jefferson J Doyle, Alexander J Doyle ... MIBAVA Leducq Consortium
Calcium channel blockers accelerate aortic aneurysm and cause premature aortic rupture in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome through protein kinase C-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
A direct connection between distinct planar cell polarity systems orients cells, answering long-standing questions regarding the relationship between systems and the orientation of cell polarity.
A eukaryotic cell model overcomes metabolic deficiencies within a complex, self-establishing community that enables the growth-relevant exchange of metabolic intermediates.
Archaea can contain permuted versions of the universal signal recognition particle RNA, which require a moonlighting activity of the tRNA splicing machinery to generate functional circular RNAs.
Rafael Fernandez-Leiro, Julian Conrad ... Meindert H Lamers
Structures of the replicative DNA polymerase Pol IIIα, the DNA sliding clamp, the proofreading exonuclease, and the processivity switch Tau (τ) suggest a mechanism for quick release during lagging strand synthesis.
The availability of asparagine is important for cell growth and nascent peptide synthesis in certain sarcoma cells, and could be targeted therapeutically to inhibit tumor growth.
Cells in the tracheal systems of fruit fly larvae are organised into compartments with precisely located boundaries, which pattern the formation of branched tubular networks.
A previously suggested expression signature based on thirteen TP53 transcriptional target genes does not predict the response of wild type TP53 tumors to TP53-MDM2 inhibitors.
X-ray crystallography reveals that the Dna2 nuclease-helicase contains a long tunnel through which single-stranded DNA threads, and an allosteric mechanism for displacing the DNA-binding protein Rpa that restricts cleavage to the proper polarity.
Digital NF-κB signaling achieves orthogonal control over the probability of activation (percentage of activated cells) and dynamic response heterogeneity in the population via the area and shape of the input profile.
Jason W Olejarz, Benjamin Allen ... Martin A Nowak
A mathematical model predicts the precise conditions for natural selection to favor the evolution of non-reproductive workers in insect colonies with haplodiploid genetics.
White matter microstructure in hemianopia patients indicates that blindsight requires an intact connection between the lateral geniculate nucleus and extrastriate cortex.
Control of neural stem cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) provides a link between systemic shifts in oxygen tension and neuronal regeneration, and suggests an evolutionary driving force for the inherent ability of newts to regenerate their brain cells.
What will happen where and when could be predicted by the sequential reactivation of place cells that occurs while an animal pauses, suggesting that the replay is linked to mental time travel.
Katharina S Volz, Andrew H Jacobs ... Kristy Red-Horse
Progenitor cells for the muscle layer around the coronary arteries have been identified revealing a key step in how the embryo forms these important blood vessels.
During sustained cold exposure, lipid fuel is specifically directed towards brown adipose tissue, but not white adipose tissue, via cold-induced regulation of Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4).
Neural progenitors reside in relative low oxygen in the subgranular zone (SGZ), and the higher tissue oxygen levels that these cells must face as they migrate away from the hypoxic areas and differentiate appear to cause oxidative damage and an early phase of cell death.
A novel computation tool for microbial community modeling predicts the evolution and diversification of E. coli in laboratory evolution experiments and gives insight into the underlying metabolic processes.
NMDARs promote spine formation to control survival of adult-born granule cells, but gauge spine enlargement and recruitment of AMPARs in both developing and mature neurons.
The newly discovered Titin internal promoter may explain why the severity of dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with truncating mutations in Titin varies dramatically depending on position of the mutation.
Zoulfia Darieva, Aaron Webber ... Andrew D Sharrocks
Chromatin structure is altered following DNA replication stress through the activity of protein kinase C signalling which leads to functionally coupled histone H3 phosphorylation and acetylation events.
Asymmetric cell division is linked to cell-specific transcription by handoff of a key developmental regulator from the cytokinetic machinery to the adjacent cell pole where it oligomerizes to become stabilized and activated.
Alex de Mendoza, Hiroshi Suga ... Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
Functional genomics reveal complex genome regulation during the coenocytic development of the ichthyosporean Creolimax fragrantissima, a protist closely related to animals.
Erik M Quandt, Jimmy Gollihar ... Jeffrey E Barrick
A long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli shows that the appearance and optimization of a new trait can require both co-opting existing cellular pathways for new roles and reversing a history of previous adaptation.
Stephen N Gomperts, Fabian Kloosterman, Matthew A Wilson
During quiet wakefulness but not slow wave sleep, reward modulated VTA neurons coordinate selectively with hippocampal replay sequences and are biased in their timing towards the reactivated representation of reward locations.
Two classes of premotor inhibitory neurons have specific roles in controlling flexor-extensor behaviors in mice, which is the underlying neural mechanism for limb driven movements in terrestrial vertebrates.
Nigel J Burroughs, Edward F Harry, Andrew D McAinsh
Directional switching of sister chromatids during mitosis is regulated by a mechanical clock that is sensitive to the stretch of centromeric chromatin between the chromatids.
Valerie C Henderson, Nadine Demko ... Jonathan Kimmelman
Preclinical efficacy experiments testing sunitinib in animal cancer models display a lack of methodological rigour, with trim-and-fill analysis suggesting prominent publication bias that leads to an overestimation of treatment effect.
Ryan G Natan, John J Briguglio ... Maria Neimark Geffen
Two distinct types of inhibitory neurons increase the brain's sensitivity to unexpected acoustic signals by amplifying selective suppression of cortical responses to frequent, but not rare sounds.
A neural circuit that can selectively induce sleep-like patterns in small regions of the brain demonstrates how sleep and arousal states may be controlled in local brain regions.
Fernanda Bajanca, Vinicio Gonzalez-Perez ... Simon M Hughes
A multidisciplinary approach was used to translate the mathematical analysis of Dystrophin movements inside muscle cells into the biology of how Dystrophin interacts with the cell membrane.
Robert Alexander Wu, Yavuz S Dagdas ... Kathleen Collins
New labeling approaches for single-molecule fluorescence microscopy detect the monomeric catalytic subunit of human telomerase within cellular holoenzyme and minimal active recombinant enzyme.
Kimberly C Tu, Li-Chun Cheng ... Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
The dynamic homeostasis of the planarian epidermis serves as an experimental paradigm to study stem cell dynamics and post-mitotic specification of diverse functional cell fates.
Wnt signaling regulates cellular redox in the germline stem cell differentiation niche via a novel regulatory mechanism, thereby controlling germ line stem cell progeny differentiation.
There are inherent tradeoffs in the control of cellular response variability by paracrine communication during the establishment of initial wound response signaling gradients.
Mutational analysis and biochemical experiments suggest that the conserved β-hairpin-like membrane-reentrant loop of RseP - an S2P family intramembrane cleaving protease - helps to discriminate substrates by directly interacting with their transmembrane segments.
Mouse genetic studies reveal that let-7 performs potent tumor suppressive roles, but at the expense of regeneration and tissue homeostasis in the liver, findings with unanticipated therapeutic implications.
Structural analysis of the ATP synthase – in combination with evolutionary covariance analysis – reveals the fold of the a subunit and shows that the enzyme can adopt several different conformations, which support the Brownian ratchet model for generating rotation.
Clemens Hermann, Andy van Hateren ... Louise H Boyle
We reveal TAPBPR is a peptide exchange catalyst which restricts the peptide repertoire presented by MHC I on cells, a finding which has important implications for all aspects of immune recognition.
Call-based vocal communication of individually recorded zebra finches changes in social groups across reproductive stages and is related with successful egg laying.
The human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 primarily spreads between cells using a method called cell-to-cell infection, suggesting that this process may be a target for anti-viral drugs.
Despite the widely held belief among researchers in consciousness that healthy observers can show unconscious perception, a study using a novel method to control for response biases finds no evidence for this phenomenon.
Analysis of 3D paw kinematics and whole-body coordination in freely walking mice isolates specific features of gait ataxia and supports the hypothesis that the cerebellum provides an internal forward model for motor control.
Henrike Niederholtmeyer, Zachary Z Sun ... Sebastian J Maerkl
Rapid forward engineering can be accomplished using cell-free systems, as demonstrated by the implementation and characterization of novel genetic oscillators in a cell-free system and their consequent transfer to cells.
The 24-nucleotide long siRNAs that guide cytosine methylation in Arabidopsis are made by dicing short double-stranded RNAs that are only around 30 nucleotides long.
Laura Yelin-Bekerman, Idan Elbaz ... Lior Appelbaum
Comprehensive gene profiling of the hypothalamic hypocretin neurons, high resolution imaging and behavioral assays have revealed the molecular signature of these versatile neurons and identified a potassium channel that is required for nighttime sleep.
Deletion of one gene can lead to inactivation of other genes which restore a perturbed cellular function but change the epistatic interactions and the dynamics of the responsible module.