October 2017

Research articles

1. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Ecology

   Quantitative 3D-imaging for cell biology and ecology of environmental microbial eukaryotes

   Sebastien Colin, Luis Pedro Coelho ... Colomban de Vargas

   Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples allows accurate automated taxonomic profiling and quantitative data about ultrastructures and interactions of organisms.
2. 1. Neuroscience

   Necdin shapes serotonergic development and SERT activity modulating breathing in a mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome

   Valéry Matarazzo, Laura Caccialupi ... Françoise Muscatelli

   Inhibition of serotonin transporter activity, by fluoxetine treatment, in early post-natal life induces persistent apnea in wild-type mice but restores normal breathing in Necdin-KO pups that reproduce breathing abnormalities observed in Prader-Willi syndrome.
3. 1. Cancer Biology

   Diagnostic potential for a serum miRNA neural network for detection of ovarian cancer

   Kevin M Elias, Wojciech Fendler ... Dipanjan Chowdhury

   Application of machine learning to serum miRNA profiles generated through next generation sequencing identifies a biologically relevant miRNA signature which can be deployed as a qPCR test to assist the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.
4. 1. Evolutionary Biology

   Sperm competition risk drives rapid ejaculate adjustments mediated by seminal fluid

   Michael J Bartlett, Tammy E Steeves ... Patrice C Rosengrave

   Seminal fluid harbours the as yet unknown mechanism that facilitates rapid adjustment of sperm velocity in response to changing sperm competition risk.
5. 1. Developmental Biology

   The conserved RNA helicase YTHDC2 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the germline

   Alexis S Bailey, Pedro J Batista ... Margaret T Fuller

   Post-transcriptional control by YTHDC2 is required to turn off the mitotic proliferation program and facilitate proper expression of the meiotic program to allow a clean cell fate transition in the germline stem cell lineage.
6. 1. Ecology
   2. Epidemiology and Global Health

   Using mobile phones as acoustic sensors for high-throughput mosquito surveillance

   Haripriya Mukundarajan, Felix Jan Hein Hol ... Manu Prakash

   Mobile phones can accurately capture sound recordings from mosquito wingbeats with species-specific frequencies, together with metadata about the recording time, location and conditions, to enable rapid low-cost mosquito surveillance using a citizen-science approach.
7. 1. Neuroscience

   Neural computations underlying inverse reinforcement learning in the human brain

   Sven Collette, Wolfgang M Pauli ... John O'Doherty

   The human brain is capable of implementing inverse reinforcement learning, where an observer infers the hidden reward structure of a decision problem solely through observing another individual take actions.
8. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
   2. Cell Biology

   Single-molecule force spectroscopy of protein-membrane interactions

   Lu Ma, Yiying Cai ... Yongli Zhang

   A high-resolution method to quantify interactions between lipid bilayers and single proteins under controlled load is presented and applied to key proteins involved in membrane fusion and formation and maintenance of membrane contact sites.
9. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
   2. Neuroscience

   Exploratory search during directed navigation in C. elegans and Drosophila larva

   Mason Klein, Sergei V Krivov ... Martin Karplus

   Crawling Drosophila larvae and C. elegans exhibit diffusive behavior alongside directed motion, and the dynamics of this navigation can be analyzed with techniques developed in understanding protein folding, using a Markov state model.
10. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Deep transcriptome annotation enables the discovery and functional characterization of cryptic small proteins

    Sondos Samandi, Annie V Roy ... Xavier Roucou

    Conventional annotations of coding sequences have missed thousands of short open-reading frames encoding proteins that are conserved and with specific functions.
11. 1. Cell Biology

    Prolyl dihydroxylation of unassembled uS12/Rps23 regulates fungal hypoxic adaptation

    Sara J Clasen, Wei Shao ... Peter J Espenshade

    The protein uS12/Rps23 functions extra-ribosomally to control oxygen homeostasis in fission yeast.
12. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Ecology

    Fish larval recruitment to reefs is a thyroid hormone-mediated metamorphosis sensitive to the pesticide chlorpyrifos

    Guillaume Holzer, Marc Besson ... Vincent Laudet

    Coral reef fish larval recruitment is a metamorphosis that can be disturbed by reef pollutants, as it is under the influence of the environment through the direct control of thyroid hormone signaling.
13. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A map of human PRDM9 binding provides evidence for novel behaviors of PRDM9 and other zinc-finger proteins in meiosis

    Nicolas Altemose, Nudrat Noor ... Simon R Myers

    In humans, specific sequence features can predict whether meiotic recombination occurs at sites bound by the protein PRDM9, whose DNA-binding zinc-finger domain can unexpectedly bind to gene promoters and to other copies of PRDM9.
14. 1. Developmental Biology

    Identification and functional characterization of muscle satellite cells in Drosophila

    Dhananjay Chaturvedi, Heinrich Reichert ... K VijayRaghavan

    Modeling adult muscle homeostasis, maintenance and repair will now be possible in Drosophila with the discovery of satellite cells equivalents in flight muscles.
15. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Defining the location of promoter-associated R-loops at near-nucleotide resolution using bisDRIP-seq

    Jason G Dumelie, Samie R Jaffrey

    Genome-wide profiling of R-loops at near single-nucleotide resolution reveals distinct R-loop boundaries depending on the presence and location of the first exon-intron junction.
16. 1. Developmental Biology

    A minimally sufficient model for rib proximal-distal patterning based on genetic analysis and agent-based simulations

    Jennifer L Fogel, Daniel L Lakeland ... Francesca V Mariani

    Specification and expansion during rib development is explained by Agent-Based Modeling while respecting the locality of decision-making that occurs as millions of cells coordinate their behavior to form and refine spatial pattern.
17. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate optical uncaging potentiates exocytosis

    Alexander M Walter, Rainer Müller ... Jakob Balslev Sørensen

    Increasing PI(4,5)P2 on a sub-second timescale using a novel, membrane-permeant UV activatable PI(4,5)P2 molecule augments exocytosis which requires the PI(4,5)P2 interacting exocytotic proteins Munc13-2 and synaptotagmin-1.
18. 1. Cell Biology

    Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis through RNF145-dependent ubiquitination of SCAP

    Li Zhang, Prashant Rajbhandari ... Peter Tontonoz

    The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF145 is shown to contribute to crosstalk between the LXR and SREBP-2 pathways in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
19. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural and computational processes underlying dynamic changes in self-esteem

    Geert-Jan Will, Robb B Rutledge ... Raymond J Dolan

    Self-esteem, the value that people ascribe to the self, is represented in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dynamically updated when people learn how others value them.
20. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Many si/shRNAs can kill cancer cells by targeting multiple survival genes through an off-target mechanism

    William Putzbach, Quan Q Gao ... Marcus E Peter

    Loading of CD95 and CD95L-derived sequences into the RNA-induced silencing complex elicits a distinct form of RNAi-mediated cell death of cancer cells that results from the targeting of multiple survival genes.
21. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Cross-species functional diversity within the PIN auxin efflux protein family

    Devin Lee O'Connor, Samuel Elton ... Ottoline Leyser

    Comparative genetics between distant plant species shows that for the PIN auxin transport proteins differential membrane and tissue-level accumulation, transport activity, and interaction result in different functional properties in the shoot post transcription.
22. 1. Neuroscience

    Theta-burst microstimulation in the human entorhinal area improves memory specificity

    Ali S Titiz, Michael R H Hill ... Itzhak Fried

    Precisely targeted, low current brain microstimulation is sufficient to enhance human memory.
23. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Patient-specific mutations impair BESTROPHIN1’s essential role in mediating Ca²⁺-dependent Cl^- currents in human RPE

    Yao Li, Yu Zhang ... Tingting Yang

    A multidisciplinary platform featured by patient-derived RPEs is established to study the disease-causing mechanisms of BEST1 mutations, and demonstrates gene-supplemented rescue of the mutation-caused deficiency in Ca²⁺-dependent Cl^- current in human RPE.
24. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    daf-16/FoxO promotes gluconeogenesis and trehalose synthesis during starvation to support survival

    Jonathan D Hibshman, Alexander E Doan ... L Ryan Baugh

    daf-16/FoxO restructures metabolism during acute starvation to promote synthesis of trehalose, which supports survival as a stress protectant and energy source.
25. 1. Neuroscience

    Two single-point mutations shift the ligand selectivity of a pheromone receptor between two closely related moth species

    Ke Yang, Ling-Qiao Huang ... Chen-Zhu Wang

    Differing from its ortholog in Helicoverpa armigera, pheromone receptor HassOr14b is tuned to the major sex pheromone component in H. assulta, and two amino acids in the intracellular domain determine their ligand selectivity.
26. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    AMPylation targets the rate-limiting step of BiP’s ATPase cycle for its functional inactivation

    Steffen Preissler, Lukas Rohland ... David Ron

    AMPylation of BiP allosterically interferes with stimulation of its ATPase activity by J-proteins that is required for high affinity substrate binding.
27. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Allosteric fine-tuning of the conformational equilibrium poises the chaperone BiP for post-translational regulation

    Lukasz Wieteska, Saeid Shahidi, Anastasia Zhuravleva

    The molecular chaperone BIP from the endoplasmic reticulum is fine-tuned postranslationally through the thermodynamic and kinetic alterations in its conformational ensemble of functionally and structurally distinct physiological forms.
28. 1. Cell Biology

    SAV1 promotes Hippo kinase activation through antagonizing the PP2A phosphatase STRIPAK

    Sung Jun Bae, Lisheng Ni ... Xuelian Luo

    The scaffold protein SAV1 counteracts PP2A to activate Hippo kinases.
29. 1. Developmental Biology

    Inter-dependent apical microtubule and actin dynamics orchestrate centrosome retention and neuronal delamination

    Ioannis Kasioulis, Raman M Das, Kate G Storey

    Microtubules are nucleated by the centrosome of the primary cilium in the apical end-foot of neuroepithelial cells and inter-dependent microtubule and actin dynamics are required here to orchestrate delamination of newborn neurons.
30. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Model-based local density sharpening of cryo-EM maps

    Arjen J Jakobi, Matthias Wilmanns, Carsten Sachse

    Local sharpening of cryo-electron microscopy maps using atomic models can increase the interpretability of densities in cases of resolution variation and facilitates model building and refinement.
31. 1. Neuroscience

    Action history influences subsequent movement via two distinct processes

    Welber Marinovic, Eugene Poh ... Timothy J Carroll

    Movement biases due to recent action history involve both dynamically-evolving processes reflecting prediction of future actions, and temporally-stable processes induced by movement repetition.
32. 1. Neuroscience

    Conserved neural circuit structure across Drosophila larval development revealed by comparative connectomics

    Stephan Gerhard, Ingrid Andrade ... Casey M Schneider-Mizell

    The connectivity structure of a nociceptive circuit is precisely maintained over Drosophila larval development through cell type-specific increases in synaptic contacts as measured from electron microscopy reconstructions, while individual neurons grow five-fold in size and number of synapses.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Risk of punishment influences discrete and coordinated encoding of reward-guided actions by prefrontal cortex and VTA neurons

    Junchol Park, Bita Moghaddam

    Risk of punishment during reward seeking behavior is associated with a functional "disconnection" of the PFC-VTA circuit due to a transient loss of VTA-driven theta oscillation.
34. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Control of plant cell fate transitions by transcriptional and hormonal signals

    Christophe Gaillochet, Thomas Stiehl ... Jan U Lohmann

    HEC transcription factors control the timing of cell fate transitions in a dynamic stem cell system, allowing plants to adapt their developmental program to diverse environments.
35. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    E3 ubiquitin ligase Bre1 couples sister chromatid cohesion establishment to DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Wei Zhang, Clarence Hue Lok Yeung ... Karen Wing Yee Yuen

    E3 ubiquitin ligase Bre1-induced H2B monoubiquitination is epigenetically important for recruiting replication factor Mcm10 and cohesion establishment factors Ctf4, Ctf18 and Eco1 to early replication origins to establish sister chromatid cohesion.
36. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Coupling chemosensory array formation and localization

    Alejandra Alvarado, Andreas Kjær ... Simon Ringgaard

    Formation and cell pole-localization of chemotactic signaling-arrays is a coupled process mediated by ParP, which drives localized array-assembly and regulates the localization-dynamics of its network constituents.
37. 1. Cell Biology

    COPI mediates recycling of an exocytic SNARE by recognition of a ubiquitin sorting signal

    Peng Xu, Hannah M Hankins ... Todd R Graham

    COPI vesicle coat protein recognizes a ubiquitin sorting signal on an exocytic v-SNARE to mediate recycling.
38. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Neuroscience

    Preferential assembly of heteromeric kainate and AMPA receptor amino terminal domains

    Huaying Zhao, Suvendu Lomash ... Peter Schuck

    Members of kainate and AMPA families of glutamate receptors exhibit large differences in affinity for homo- and hetero-dimerziation of their amino terminal domains, which may control gating characteristics and ion selectivity of receptor subtypes with different subunit composition.
39. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    CRISPRi is not strand-specific at all loci and redefines the transcriptional landscape

    Françoise S Howe, Andrew Russell ... Jane Mellor

    CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), which uses small guide RNAs to target catalytically dead Cas9 protein to chromatin, disrupts existing transcription units and generates new sites for initiation and termination of transcription on both strands of DNA.
40. 1. Neuroscience

    A corticostriatal deficit promotes temporal distortion of automatic action in ageing

    Miriam Matamales, Zala Skrbis ... Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez

    Acquisition of behavioral sequences in normally aged mice involves short and unusually fast patterns of action, some of which are reproduced by striatal circuitry manipulations in young mice and can be transitorily restored through action-related feedback.
41. 1. Neuroscience

    Dendritic small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels activated by action potentials suppress EPSPs and gate spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity

    Scott L Jones, Minh-Son To, Greg J Stuart

    The activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in spines by action potentials regulates the induction of spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity during low-frequency single action potential–EPSP pairing.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    Computer assisted detection of axonal bouton structural plasticity in in vivo time-lapse images

    Rohan Gala, Daniel Lebrecht ... Armen Stepanyants

    BoutonAnalyzer software makes it possible to detect axonal boutons and measure their structural plasticity in long-term in vivo imaging experiments.
43. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Proteomic analysis of cell cycle progression in asynchronous cultures, including mitotic subphases, using PRIMMUS

    Tony Ly, Arlene Whigham ... Angus I Lamond

    A detailed analysis of protein abundance and phosphorylation changes across mitotic subphases and interphase in asynchronously growing human cells has been enabled by combining FACS with quantitative MS-based proteomics.
44. 1. Cancer Biology

    Daam2 driven degradation of VHL promotes gliomagenesis

    Wenyi Zhu, Saritha Krishna ... Benjamin Deneen

    The glial developmental factor, Daam2, promotes glioma tumorigenesis by degrading the VHL tumor suppressor, illustrating how dysregulation of gliogenic factors can impact tumor suppressor activity and promote glioma tumorigenesis.
45. 1. Neuroscience

    Posterior parietal cortex estimates the relationship between object and body location during locomotion

    Daniel S Marigold, Trevor Drew

    Posterior parietal cortex provides an estimation of the location of an object with respect to the body and uses this information to plan appropriate gait changes to negotiate such an obstacle.
46. 1. Medicine

    Cardiovascular adaptation to hypoxia and the role of peripheral resistance

    Andrew S Cowburn, David Macias ... Randall S Johnson

    Radiotelemetric and genetic studies of peripheral tissue response show that a peripheral tissue can dynamically alter cardiovascular adaptation to changes in environmental oxygen.
47. 1. Neuroscience

    A unified internal model theory to resolve the paradox of active versus passive self-motion sensation

    Jean Laurens, Dora E Angelaki

    Central vestibular regions in the brainstem and cerebellum perform dynamic Bayesian inference to combine motor commands and sensory signals into an optimal estimate of self-motion.
48. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    A protein phosphatase network controls the temporal and spatial dynamics of differentiation commitment in human epidermis

    Ajay Mishra, Bénédicte Oulès ... Fiona M Watt

    A combination of transcriptomics, proteomics and modelling identifies a network of interacting protein phosphatases that act as a biological switch to move cells from the stem cell compartment to the differentiated compartment in cultured human epidermis.
49. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A novel central nervous system-penetrating protease inhibitor overcomes human immunodeficiency virus 1 resistance with unprecedented aM to pM potency

    Manabu Aoki, Hironori Hayashi ... Hiroaki Mitsuya

    GRL-142 is an HIV protease inhibitor with a unique structure and atto-to-picomolar potency against a wide range of HIV strains.
50. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Subterranean mammals show convergent regression in ocular genes and enhancers, along with adaptation to tunneling

    Raghavendran Partha, Bharesh K Chauhan ... Nathan L Clark

    Repeated evolution of eye regression in subterranean mammals helps identify genes and regulatory elements involved in visual perception and development of the eye, and predicts candidate sequences with a potential role in ocular disorders.
51. 1. Cell Biology

    Localised dynactin protects growing microtubules to deliver oskar mRNA to the posterior cortex of the Drosophila oocyte

    Ross Nieuwburg, Dmitry Nashchekin ... Daniel St Johnston

    Dynactin acts as an anti-catastrophe factor that extends microtubule growth; posteriorly elucidating a new essential step in oskar mRNA localisation and providing a novel mechanism by which motor-dependent transport can amplify the polarity of MT networks.
52. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Anti-diabetic drug binding site in a mammalian K_ATP channel revealed by Cryo-EM

    Gregory M Martin, Balamurugan Kandasamy ... Show-Ling Shyng

    A structure of a pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex at 3.63Å resolution obtained by cryo-electron microscopy reveals how a commonly used anti-diabetic drug interacts with and inhibits the channel to stimulate insulin secretion.
53. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure-based nuclear import mechanism of histones H3 and H4 mediated by Kap123

    Sojin An, Jungmin Yoon ... Uhn-soo Cho

    Structural and biochemical studies of Kap123 revealed the mechanisms by which Kap123 recognizes H3- and H4-NLSs through two lysine-binding pockets and by which evolutionarily conserved diacetylation of H4-NLS facilitates Kap123-H3-NLS mediated nuclear translocation.
54. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Quantifying the contribution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to febrile illness amongst African children

    Ursula Dalrymple, Ewan Cameron ... Peter W Gething

    Fevers amongst African children are often assumed to be caused by a malaria infection, but here it is estimated that the majority of fevers amongst African children, including those with a patent malaria infection, are due to infections with diseases other than malaria.
55. 1. Neuroscience

    Small conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels induce the firing pause periods during the activation of Drosophila nociceptive neurons

    Koun Onodera, Shumpei Baba ... Tadao Usui

    Drosophila nociceptive neurons convert high-intensity stimuli into characteristic fluctuations of firing rates, quiescent periods of which are regulated by hyperpolarization through small conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels.
56. 1. Cell Biology

    Metformin extends C. elegans lifespan through lysosomal pathway

    Jie Chen, Yuhui Ou ... Ying Liu

    Metformin extends C. elegans lifespan through lysosome-dependent coordination of TORC1 and AMPK pathways.
57. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    RNA polymerase II stalling at pre-mRNA splice sites is enforced by ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit

    Laura Milligan, Camille Sayou ... David Tollervey

    Ubiquitination close to the active site of RNAPII occurs in response to RNA processing events and is linked to transcriptional pausing, which is released following Bre5-Ubp3 mediated deubiquitination associated with the nascent transcript.
58. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure of RNA polymerase bound to ribosomal 30S subunit

    Gabriel Demo, Aviram Rasouly ... Andrei A Korostelev

    Cryo-EM structures of the 30S*RNAP complex visualize co-localization of the transcription and translation machineries and provide insights into the transcription-translation synchrony, which coordinates gene expression in bacteria.
59. 1. Neuroscience

    Native KCC2 interactome reveals PACSIN1 as a critical regulator of synaptic inhibition

    Vivek Mahadevan, C Sahara Khademullah ... Melanie A Woodin

    Unbiased functional proteomics reveal that protein interactions are a key regulator of the strength of synaptic inhibition in neurons of the central nervous system.
60. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Independent manipulation of histone H3 modifications in individual nucleosomes reveals the contributions of sister histones to transcription

    Zhen Zhou, Yu-Ting Liu ... Jin-Qiu Zhou

    A yeast genetic model for studying the function of sister histones in chromatin dynamics.
61. 1. Neuroscience

    Non-synaptic signaling from cerebellar climbing fibers modulates Golgi cell activity

    Angela K Nietz, Jada H Vaden ... Jacques I Wadiche

    Climbing fiber glutamate spillover enhances response complexity and regulates signaling to Golgi cells through a form of transmission not constrained to synapses.
62. 1. Neuroscience

    Functional dichotomy in spinal- vs prefrontal-projecting locus coeruleus modules splits descending noradrenergic analgesia from ascending aversion and anxiety in rats

    Stefan Hirschberg, Yong Li ... Anthony E Pickering

    The locus coeruleus is organised into functional modules with subsets of noradrenergic neurones independently projecting to the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex to exert discrete, antithetical modulatory actions on a range of pain-related behaviours.
63. 1. Cell Biology

    Uncoupling of dynamin polymerization and GTPase activity revealed by the conformation-specific nanobody dynab

    Valentina Galli, Rafael Sebastian ... Aurélien Roux

    Uncoupling of dynamin polymerization and GTPase activity can be induced with dynamin, which allows in vivo visualization of its activity at endocytic pits.
64. 1. Neuroscience

    Sparse genetic tracing reveals regionally specific functional organization of mammalian nociceptors

    William Olson, Ishmail Abdus-Saboor ... Wenqin Luo

    Single-nociceptor tracing reveals a novel somatotopic organization for the mammalian pain system, and physiological recordings and peripheral optogenetic behavior assays suggest that it is a possible mechanism underlying region-specific pain sensation.
65. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Genetically tunable frustration controls allostery in an intrinsically disordered transcription factor

    Jing Li, Jordan T White ... Vincent J Hilser

    Allostery in an intrinsically disordered domain of glucocorticoid receptor is mediated by opposing thermodynamic signals that are directed through the production of different isoforms.
66. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Spatio-temporal control of mutualism in legumes helps spread symbiotic nitrogen fixation

    Benoit Daubech, Philippe Remigi ... Delphine Capela

    Experiments and mathematical modelling show that rare nitrogen fixing symbionts invade a population dominated by non-fixing bacteria across plant generations, above a threshold of a combination of ecological factors.
67. 1. Neuroscience

    Local processing in neurites of VGluT3-expressing amacrine cells differentially organizes visual information

    Jen-Chun Hsiang, Keith P Johnson ... Daniel Kerschensteiner

    Neurite arbors of VGluT3-expressing amacrine cells (VG3-ACs) process visual information locally uniformly detecting object motion while varying in contrast preferences; and in spite of extensive overlap between arbors of neighboring cells population activity in the VG3-AC plexus encodes stimulus positions with subcellular precision.
68. 1. Neuroscience

    Striatal adenosine A_2A receptor neurons control active-period sleep via parvalbumin neurons in external globus pallidus

    Xiang-Shan Yuan, Lu Wang ... Zhi-Li Huang

    Rostral and central striatum controls slow-wave sleep during active phase in mice.
69. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Stochastic variation in the initial phase of bacterial infection predicts the probability of survival in D. melanogaster

    David Duneau, Jean-Baptiste Ferdy ... Nicolas Buchon

    An analysis of within-host bacterial proliferation reveals that minor "stochastic" variation in the ability of the innate immune response to control bacterial growth early on can result in either survival or death of the host.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    Beyond excitation/inhibition imbalance in multidimensional models of neural circuit changes in brain disorders

    Cian O'Donnell, J Tiago Gonçalves ... Terrence J Sejnowski

    Computational modeling and analysis of mouse neural population data finds that the excitation/inhibition imbalance theory of brain disorders is too limited to account for key changes in neural activity statistics.
71. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms for β3 adrenergic receptor-induced beige adipocyte formation

    Yuwei Jiang, Daniel C Berry, Jonathan M Graff

    The activation of beige adipocyte thermogenesis by cold temperatures and β3-adrenergic receptor agonists induce beige adipocyte formation, function and perdurance.
72. 1. Cell Biology

    Recruitment dynamics of ESCRT-III and Vps4 to endosomes and implications for reverse membrane budding

    Manuel Alonso Y Adell, Simona M Migliano ... David Teis

    Quantitative 3D lattice light sheet microscopy of unperturbed cells combined with electron tomography and acute loss of function experiments reveals how dynamic ESCRT-III/Vps4 assemblies succeed in reverse membrane budding on endosomes.
73. 1. Plant Biology

    A viral protein promotes host SAMS1 activity and ethylene production for the benefit of virus infection

    Shanshan Zhao, Wei Hong ... Yi Li

    Rice dwarf virus Pns11 protein increases rice susceptibility to virus infection by enhancing OsSAMS1 enzymatic activity and ethylene production.
74. 1. Neuroscience

    The human auditory brainstem response to running speech reveals a subcortical mechanism for selective attention

    Antonio Elia Forte, Octave Etard, Tobias Reichenbach

    Selective attention to one of two speakers consistently modulates the response of the human auditory brainstem to each speaker's pitch.
75. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    HMMR acts in the PLK1-dependent spindle positioning pathway and supports neural development

    Marisa Connell, Helen Chen ... Christopher A Maxwell

    HMMR regulates spindle positioning in neural and other cell types downstream of PLK1 and subsequently affects cortical NuMA-Dynein localization.
76. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Mechanism of activation at the selectivity filter of the KcsA K⁺ channel

    Florian T Heer, David J Posson ... Simon Bernèche

    The transmembrane helices forming the pore determine the conductance of the selectivity filter through allosteric interactions.
77. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    CDK9-dependent RNA polymerase II pausing controls transcription initiation

    Saskia Gressel, Björn Schwalb ... Patrick Cramer

    CDK9 inhibition in human cells uncovers that Pol II pause duration regulates the frequency of productive transcription initiation.
78. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Planar cell polarity signaling coordinates oriented cell division and cell rearrangement in clonally expanding growth plate cartilage

    Yuwei Li, Ang Li ... Marianne Bronner

    Through the interaction between PCP signaling and N-cadherin, oriented cell division and cell rearrangement are coordinated to establish the appropriate tissue architecture critical for limb skeletal morphogenesis.
79. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Molecular architecture underlying fluid absorption by the developing inner ear

    Keiji Honda, Sung Huhn Kim ... Andrew J Griffith

    Genome-wide RNA-seq analysis of single cells of the developing mouse endolymphatic sac reveals its molecular-cellular architecture and a model for salt and fluid absorption required for acquisition of normal inner ear structure and function.
80. 1. Neuroscience

    Clearance of beta-amyloid is facilitated by apolipoprotein E and circulating high-density lipoproteins in bioengineered human vessels

    Jerome Robert, Emily B Button ... Cheryl L Wellington

    Modelling beta-amyloid deposition in bioengineered human vessels represents a notable advance to further investigate the role of the vasculature in Alzheimer's disease.
81. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate via multiple paths to the same state

    James Alexander Briggs, Victor C Li ... Marc W Kirschner

    Single cell RNA sequencing reveals that mouse embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into the same terminal motor neuron state via distinct differentiation paths, one of which includes a surprising intermediate state not found in embryos.
82. 1. Neuroscience

    Tracking individual action potentials throughout mammalian axonal arbors

    Milos Radivojevic, Felix Franke ... Douglas J Bakkum

    A method was developed to non-invasively and simultaneously track individual action-potentials propagating across multiple branches of identified neurons in neocortical cultures.
83. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    IRAK2 directs stimulus-dependent nuclear export of inflammatory mRNAs

    Hao Zhou, Katarzyna Bulek ... Xiaoxia Li

    The stimulation of lipopolysaccharides induced nuclear localization of IRAK2 to facilitate nuclear export of a specific subset of inflammation-related messenger RNAs for translation in murine macrophages.
84. 1. Neuroscience

    Frequency-dependent mobilization of heterogeneous pools of synaptic vesicles shapes presynaptic plasticity

    Frédéric Doussau, Hartmut Schmidt ... Philippe Isope

    The mobilization or silencing of two heterogeneous pools of synaptic vesicles via different frequencies probably enables granule cell to Purkinje cell synapses to better discriminate between the high-rate code of sensory information and background noise.
85. 1. Neuroscience

    Sleep homeostasis regulated by 5HT2b receptor in a small subset of neurons in the dorsal fan-shaped body of drosophila

    Yongjun Qian, Yue Cao ... Yi Rao

    Serotonergic signaling regulates sleep homeostasis through 5HT2b receptor in a small subset of neurons in the dorsal fan-shaped body in drosophila.
86. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Competing scaffolding proteins determine capsid size during mobilization of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands

    Altaira D Dearborn, Erin A Wall ... Terje Dokland

    Cryo-electron microscopy and genetics show how Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island 1 hijacks the assembly pathway of a helper phage for its own propagation.
87. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Ligand modulation of sidechain dynamics in a wild-type human GPCR

    Lindsay D Clark, Igor Dikiy ... Daniel M Rosenbaum

    Generation of a highly deuterated 13C-methyl labeled wild-type GPCR sample is used to facilitate characterization of the molecular environments and fast ps-ns dynamics of sidechains when the receptor is bound to ligands of different efficacy.
88. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    YTHDC1 mediates nuclear export of N⁶-methyladenosine methylated mRNAs

    Ian A Roundtree, Guan-Zheng Luo ... Chuan He

    YTHDC1 facilitates selective clearance of N6-methyladenosine methylated mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through binding by nuclear 'reader' proteins and incorporation into the canonical mRNA export pathway.
89. 1. Neuroscience

    Pedunculopontine glutamatergic neurons control spike patterning in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons

    Daniel J Galtieri, Chad M Estep ... D James Surmeier

    Pedunculopontine neurons can evoke burst spiking in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons without engaging a subtype of glutamate receptor previously thought to be necessary for this spiking mode.
90. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure of PINK1 and mechanisms of Parkinson's disease-associated mutations

    Atul Kumar, Jevgenia Tamjar ... Daan MF van Aalten

    The structure of human PINK1 explains structural regulation and clarity on the impact of loss of function disease-associated mutations, which may stimulate future drug discovery efforts for both familial and idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
91. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Medicine

    Effects of water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on telomere length among children in a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh

    Audrie Lin, Benjamin F Arnold ... Stephen P Luby

    In a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, an intensive, combined water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition intervention delivered to compounds of newborn children increased telomere length attrition during their first year of life.
92. 1. Neuroscience

    The large-scale organization of shape processing in the ventral and dorsal pathways

    Erez Freud, Jody C Culham ... Marlene Behrmann

    Functional neuroimaging reveals sensitivity to shape information and correlation between brain activation and perceptual behaviour in both dorsal and ventral visual pathways, thereby challenging the strict binary distinctions between the two pathways.
93. 1. Cancer Biology

    Epithelial-Myeloid cell crosstalk regulates acinar cell plasticity and pancreatic remodeling in mice

    Yaqing Zhang, Wei Yan ... Marina Pasca di Magliano

    In the pancreas, reciprocal interactions between epithelial cells and myeloid cells determine the balance between tissue repair and carcinogenesis by regulating acinar cell plasticity through differential activation of EGFR/MAPK signaling.
94. 1. Neuroscience

    Cerebral mGluR5 availability contributes to elevated sleep need and behavioral adjustment after sleep deprivation

    Sebastian C Holst, Alexandra Sousek ... Hans-Peter Landolt

    Multi-modal imaging, genetic and behavioral findings in humans and mice revealed that metabotropic glutamate receptors of subtype 5 contribute to the molecular machinery keeping track of sleep need and coping with physiological and behavioral consequences of sleep loss, pointing to novel targets for improved wakefulness and sleep.
95. 1. Neuroscience

    Astrocytes release prostaglandin E2 to modify respiratory network activity

    David Forsberg, Thomas Ringstedt, Eric Herlenius

    Astrocytes modulate neuronal networks during hypercapnia, introducing a novel gliotransmitter pathway where prostaglandin E2 regulates breathing.
96. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The ESRP1-GPR137 axis contributes to intestinal pathogenesis

    Lukas Franz Mager, Viktor Hendrik Koelzer ... Philippe Krebs

    ESRP1 is central to intestinal barrier integrity in mice and humans and alterations in ESRP1 function or expression contribute to intestinal pathology, partly through modified expression of ESRP1-specific GPR137 isoforms.
97. 1. Neuroscience

    Affective bias as a rational response to the statistics of rewards and punishments

    Erdem Pulcu, Michael Browning

    Humans adjust the degree to which they learn from positive relative to negative outcomes as a function of how informative they estimate those outcomes to be.
98. 1. Cancer Biology

    Co-targeting the tumor endothelium and P-selectin-expressing glioblastoma cells leads to a remarkable therapeutic outcome

    Shiran Ferber, Galia Tiram ... Ronit Satchi-Fainaro

    Treatment with precision nanomedicine in combination with an anti-angiogenic peptide enhance anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing toxicities in a pre-clinical glioblastoma model, making this approach a promising and important therapeutic alternative for patients.
99. 1. Neuroscience

    Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI

    Martina Absinta, Seung-Kwon Ha ... Daniel S Reich

    Meningeal lymphatic vessels are present in human and nonhuman primates (common marmoset monkeys) and they can be noninvasively imaged and mapped in vivo with high-resolution, clinical MRI.
100. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     An unfolded protein-induced conformational switch activates mammalian IRE1

     G Elif Karagöz, Diego Acosta-Alvear ... Peter Walter

     ER-stress sensing mechanism of the unfolded protein response sensor/transducer IRE1 is conserved from yeast to mammals, where in mammals, unfolded protein binding to IRE1's ER lumenal domain is coupled to its oligomerization and activation through an allosteric conformational change.
101. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Site-specific monoubiquitination downregulates Rab5 by disrupting effector binding and guanine nucleotide conversion

     Donghyuk Shin, Wooju Na ... Sangho Lee

     With monoubiquitination sites of Rab5 identified and structural and biochemical studies using chemically synthesized ubiquitinated Rab5, Rab5 monoubiquitination is found to downregulate the function of Rab5 in a site-dependent manner.
102. 1. Cancer Biology

     Activation of the NRF2 antioxidant program generates an imbalance in central carbon metabolism in cancer

     Volkan I Sayin, Sarah E LeBoeuf ... Thales Papagiannakopoulos

     Activation of the NRF2 antioxidant program leads to an imbalance in central carbon metabolism and sensitizes cancers to glutaminase inhibition.
103. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Chromatin accessibility underlies synthetic lethality of SWI/SNF subunits in ARID1A-mutant cancers

     Timothy W R Kelso, Devin K Porter ... Diana C Hargreaves

     ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and its homolog ARID1B function to maintain chromatin accessibility and active histone modifications at enhancers.
104. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Intrinsic disorder within AKAP79 fine-tunes anchored phosphatase activity toward substrates and drug sensitivity

     Patrick J Nygren, Sohum Mehta ... John D Scott

     Flexibility is a defining feature of AKAP kinase-phosphatase assemblies and points toward a mechanism whereby combinatorial recruitment of binding partners tailors the overall conformation of the macromolecular assembly, allowing customized physiological roles.