July 2017

Research articles

1. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

   Influenza virus recruits host protein kinase C to control assembly and activity of its replication machinery

   Arindam Mondal, Anthony R Dawson ... Andrew Mehle

   Host protein kinase C family members regulate influenza virus genome replication by phosphorylating the viral nucleoprotein and controlling assembly of the viral replication machinery.
2. 1. Plant Biology

   Structural basis for plant plasma membrane protein dynamics and organization into functional nanodomains

   Julien Gronnier, Jean-Marc Crowet ... Sébastien Mongrand

   Unprecedented resolution of the molecular mechanisms of plant membrane protein anchoring involving phospholipids and sterols reveals the control of spatio-temporal segregation into plasma membrane nanodomains.
3. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Immunology and Inflammation

   Substrate stiffness governs the initiation of B cell activation by the concerted signaling of PKCβ and focal adhesion kinase

   Samina Shaheen, Zhengpeng Wan ... Wanli Liu

   The combination of molecular imaging, genetic and pharmacological approaches revealed that BCR signaling and PKCβ-dependent activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is required for B cell mechanosensing.
4. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Structure and topology around the cleavage site regulate post-translational cleavage of the HIV-1 gp160 signal peptide

   Erik Lee Snapp, Nicholas McCaul ... Ineke Braakman

   Signal-peptide cleavage of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is delayed because of alpha-helical structure covering the cleavage site, effecting early cleavage alters the folding pathway and resulting in localized misfolding and reduced viral fitness.
5. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Two-step membrane binding by the bacterial SRP receptor enable efficient and accurate Co-translational protein targeting

   Yu-Hsien Hwang Fu, William Y C Huang ... Shu-ou Shan

   Single molecule microscopy combined with biochemical analyses show that a two-step lipid-binding mechanism of the SRP receptor balances the trade-off between speed and specificity during co-translational protein targeting.
6. 1. Neuroscience

   Reaction times can reflect habits rather than computations

   Aaron L Wong, Jeff Goldsmith ... John W Krakauer

   Although reaction times are often assumed to reflect the time required to select and prepare a movement, they can be strongly influenced by prior experience.
7. 1. Cancer Biology

   IGF2 mRNA binding protein-2 is a tumor promoter that drives cancer proliferation through its client mRNAs IGF2 and HMGA1

   Ning Dai, Fei Ji ... Joseph Avruch

   The IGF2 mRNA binding protein-2/IMP2, overexpressed in many common cancers, drives cancer cell proliferation by increasing the abundance of IGF2 and the oncogene HMGA1, which controls a network of effectors that enhance IGF2 action.
8. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
   2. Neuroscience

   Super-resolution imaging of synaptic and Extra-synaptic AMPA receptors with different-sized fluorescent probes

   Sang Hak Lee, Chaoyi Jin ... Paul R Selvin

   Small probes show that most AMPA receptors are constrained near or in the synapses.
9. 1. Neuroscience

   Fast two-photon imaging of subcellular voltage dynamics in neuronal tissue with genetically encoded indicators

   Simon Chamberland, Helen H Yang ... François St-Pierre

   The combination of a new genetically encoded voltage indicator and fast two-photon imaging methods enables detection of rapid neural electrical activity in organotypic slice cultures and in living flies.
10. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    PTEN controls glandular morphogenesis through a juxtamembrane β-Arrestin1/ARHGAP21 scaffolding complex

    Arman Javadi, Ravi K Deevi ... Frederick C Campbell

    PTEN organizes multicellular architecture by non-catalytic scaffolding of spatially localized β-Arrestin1/ARHGAP21/Cdc42 protein complexes to control mitotic spindle orientation, multicellular configuration and lumen formation.
11. 1. Neuroscience

    Early tissue damage and microstructural reorganization predict disease severity in experimental epilepsy

    Philipp Janz, Niels Schwaderlapp ... Carola A Haas

    Non-invasive imaging of hippocampal neurodegeneration and structural reorganization during epileptogenesis allows the prediction of disease severity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, which may facilitate the early pharmacological intervention before seizure onset.
12. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Maturation of selected human mitochondrial tRNAs requires deadenylation

    Sarah F Pearce, Joanna Rorbach ... Michal Minczuk

    Removal of spurious poly(A) tails by the PDE12 exoribonuclease is required to maintain the integrity of human mitochondrial tRNAs and rRNAs and their availability for efficient mitochondrial translation.
13. 1. Neuroscience

    The heritability of multi-modal connectivity in human brain activity

    Giles L Colclough, Stephen M Smith ... Mark W Woolrich

    Genes play an important role in determining the strength of functional connectivity in the human brain, and seem to outweigh the contribution from the developmental environment.
14. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Unexpected sequences and structures of mtDNA required for efficient transcription from the first heavy-strand promoter

    Akira Uchida, Divakaran Murugesapillai ... Craig E Cameron

    Hypervariable regions of mtDNA contribute to transcriptional regulation by serving as sites for TFAM binding and looping.
15. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Resolving the prevalence of somatic transposition in Drosophila

    Christoph D Treiber, Scott Waddell

    Current genome sequencing methods cannot reliably detect somatic transposition in Drosophila.
16. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Modeling of axonal endoplasmic reticulum network by spastic paraplegia proteins

    Belgin Yalçın, Lu Zhao ... Cahir J O'Kane

    Proteins of the reticulon and REEP families, homologous to the products of human Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia disease genes, contribute to shaping and continuity of the axonal endoplasmic reticulum network in Drosophila.
17. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Genome-wide identification of lineage and locus specific variation associated with pneumococcal carriage duration

    John A Lees, Nicholas J Croucher ... Stephen D Bentley

    Sequence changes in the pneumococcal genome explain most of the variability in duration of asymptomatic carriage with serotype, antibiotic resistance and prophage accounting for the largest effects.
18. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Structure and reconstitution of yeast Mpp6-nuclear exosome complexes reveals that Mpp6 stimulates RNA decay and recruits the Mtr4 helicase

    Elizabeth V Wasmuth, John C Zinder ... Christopher D Lima

    The nuclear exosome cofactors Mpp6 and Rrp47 can stimulate exoribonuclease activities of the nuclear RNA exosome and recruit the Mtr4 helicase to promote helicase dependent RNA decay.
19. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Ecological feedback in quorum-sensing microbial populations can induce heterogeneous production of autoinducers

    Matthias Bauer, Johannes Knebel ... Erwin Frey

    Quorum sensing enables heterogeneous production of autoinducers in microbial populations, suggesting an alternative mechanism to stochastic gene expression in bistable gene-regulatory circuits to control phenotypic heterogeneity.
20. 1. Neuroscience

    Causal role for the subthalamic nucleus in interrupting behavior

    Kathryn H Fife, Navarre A Gutierrez-Reed ... Thomas S Hnasko

    Activation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) pauses or disrupts behavior, while STN inhibition reduces the disruptive effects of surprise, indicating that STN activation is both sufficient and necessary for behavioral inhibition.
21. 1. Neuroscience

    Subthalamic nucleus gamma activity increases not only during movement but also during movement inhibition

    Petra Fischer, Alek Pogosyan ... Huiling Tan

    Sudden stopping of rhythmic movement is associated with a pronounced increase of 60-90 Hz gamma oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus, which have formerly been regarded as favouring movement.
22. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Dynamic structure of locomotor behavior in walking fruit flies

    Alexander Y Katsov, Limor Freifeld ... Thomas R Clandinin

    A principled statistical segmentation of fruit fly walking leads to a compact model of immediate actions that can reproduce the unique behavioral sequences of individual flies.
23. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    AIRE is a critical spindle-associated protein in embryonic stem cells

    Bin Gu, Jean-Philippe Lambert ... Janet Rossant

    AIRE played novel roles in the mitosis process in embryonic stem cells and early embryo cells.
24. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Elastic force restricts growth of the murine utricle

    Ksenia Gnedeva, Adrian Jacobo ... A J Hudspeth

    Computational modeling and molecular-biological analysis reveal the role of mechanical force and downstream Yap signaling in growth control during the development and regeneration of sensory epithelium of the inner ear.
25. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Complex chromosomal neighborhood effects determine the adaptive potential of a gene under selection

    Magdalena Steinrueck, Călin C Guet

    Experimental evolution reveals how adaptation by increased expression of a gene depends on a combination of simple genetic properties of the gene's neighbors on the DNA.
26. 1. Developmental Biology

    Altered paracrine signaling from the injured knee joint impairs postnatal long bone growth

    Alberto Roselló-Díez, Daniel Stephen, Alexandra L Joyner

    Genetic analyses in mice reveal a communication system between the knee joint and the developing bones that could be explored in studies addressing evolutionary changes in body proportions and in future therapies for growth disorders.
27. 1. Neuroscience

    A predictive focus of gain modulation encodes target trajectories in insect vision

    Steven D Wiederman, Joseph M Fabian ... David C O’Carroll

    Visual neurons in the dragonfly predict the path of a moving target, even when it is occluded or crosses from one eye to the other.
28. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Symmetry broken and rebroken during the ATP hydrolysis cycle of the mitochondrial Hsp90 TRAP1

    Daniel Elnatan, Miguel Betegon ... David A Agard

    A flip of the dimer asymmetry following the first ATP hydrolysis provides a mechanistic model for client remodeling by the mitochondrial Hsp90, TRAP1.
29. 1. Neuroscience

    Experience-dependent shaping of hippocampal CA1 intracellular activity in novel and familiar environments

    Jeremy D Cohen, Mark Bolstad, Albert K Lee

    Comparison of the intracellular activity of hippocampal neurons in novel and familiar environments reveals experience-dependent changes in inputs underlying the formation of stable representations of space.
30. 1. Cell Biology

    High lumenal chloride in the lysosome is critical for lysosome function

    Kasturi Chakraborty, KaHo Leung, Yamuna Krishnan

    Lysosomes are highly enriched in chloride, which is essential for their degradative function.
31. 1. Cancer Biology

    NFATc2 enhances tumor-initiating phenotypes through the NFATc2/SOX2/ALDH axis in lung adenocarcinoma

    Zhi-Jie Xiao, Jing Liu ... Maria Pik Wong

    NFATc2 maintains the drug-induced TIC phenotypes through trans-activating SOX2/ALDH1A1 expression and scavenging stress from ROS.
32. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Modulation of let-7 miRNAs controls the differentiation of effector CD8 T cells

    Alexandria C Wells, Keith A Daniels ... Leonid A Pobezinsky

    TCR-mediated downregulation of let-7 microRNAs licenses the differentiation of activated CD8 T cells into cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Task-dependent recurrent dynamics in visual cortex

    Satohiro Tajima, Kowa Koida ... Hidehiko Komatsu

    A decoding-based, state-space reconstruction reveals that neurons in macaque IT cortex change the structure of their collective attractor dynamics depending on task contexts.
34. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    T cell receptor repertoires of mice and humans are clustered in similarity networks around conserved public CDR3 sequences

    Asaf Madi, Asaf Poran ... Nir Friedman

    A new perception of the organization of T-cell receptor repertoires in mice and humans, based on high-throughput sequencing and CDR3 sequence similarity, indicates hubs of cross-species public sequences forming evolutionary conserved 'foci of attention' of T cell immunity.
35. 1. Developmental Biology

    Reconstructing human pancreatic differentiation by mapping specific cell populations during development

    Cyrille Ramond, Nicolas Glaser ... Raphaël Scharfmann

    A set of cell surface markers reconstruct human pancreatic differentiation and enable the segregation of pancreatic functions into specific populations.
36. 1. Neuroscience

    Pro-death NMDA receptor signaling is promoted by the GluN2B C-terminus independently of Dapk1

    Jamie McQueen, Tomás J Ryan ... Giles E Hardingham

    Excitotoxicity driven by NMDA receptor hyper-activation does not involve DAPK1-dependent events in vitro or in vivo, and previously described DAPK1-NMDAR disrupting peptides act by blocking the NMDA receptor.
37. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Defining the biological basis of radiomic phenotypes in lung cancer

    Patrick Grossmann, Olya Stringfield ... Hugo JWL Aerts

    Radiomics allows automated quantification of the radiographic phenotype of a tumor across diverse patient cohorts and is connected to the underlying molecular pathway activities, which together determine the clinical outcome.
38. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Dynamics of genomic innovation in the unicellular ancestry of animals

    Xavier Grau-Bové, Guifré Torruella ... Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo

    The foundations of genomic complexity in multicellular animals have deep roots in their unicellular prehistory, both in terms of innovations in gene content, as well as the evolutionary dynamics of genome architecture.
39. 1. Neuroscience

    Bmal1 function in skeletal muscle regulates sleep

    J Christopher Ehlen, Allison J Brager ... Ketema N Paul

    Expression of transcription factor BMAL1 in skeletal muscle reduces the recovery response to sleep loss and is both necessary and sufficient to regulate total sleep amount.
40. 1. Plant Biology

    Lipid transfer from plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi

    Andreas Keymer, Priya Pimprikar ... Caroline Gutjahr

    Identification of two arbuscular mycorrhiza-specific lipid biosynthesis mutants and fatty acid transfer experiments reveal that host plant lipids are transferred to symbiotic fungi and needed for their development.
41. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Dissection of specific binding of HIV-1 Gag to the 'packaging signal' in viral RNA

    Mauricio Comas-Garcia, Siddhartha AK Datta ... Alan Rein

    While HIV-1 Gag protein binds tightly to several RNAs, it binds to the viral RNA 'packaging signal' with higher specificity than to control RNAs.
42. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The packing density of a supramolecular membrane protein cluster is controlled by cytoplasmic interactions

    Elisa Merklinger, Jan-Gero Schloetel ... Thorsten Lang

    A hierarchical model explains the self-organization of membrane microdoomaims.
43. 1. Plant Biology

    A lectin receptor kinase as a potential sensor for extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in Arabidopsis thaliana

    Chenggang Wang, Mingqi Zhou ... Zhonglin Mou

    Genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that cell-surface lectin receptors can potentially function as extracellular NAD⁺-binding receptors and provide direct evidence for extracellular NAD⁺ being a bona fide endogenous signaling molecule in plants.
44. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Ephrin-A/EphA specific co-adaptation as a novel mechanism in topographic axon guidance

    Felix Fiederling, Markus Weschenfelder ... Franco Weth

    A distinctive novel mechanism of ephrin-A/EphA signaling modulation in retinal growth cones ensures concurrent quantitative accuracy and adaptability of topographic hardwiring.
45. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Key steps in unconventional secretion of fibroblast growth factor 2 reconstituted with purified components

    Julia P Steringer, Sascha Lange ... Walter Nickel

    The first reconstitution of an unconventional secretory mechanism uncovered the molecular mechanism by which Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 is secreted from mammalian cells.
46. 1. Medicine

    Directing visceral white adipocyte precursors to a thermogenic adipocyte fate improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice

    Chelsea Hepler, Mengle Shao ... Rana K Gupta

    Genetic inactivation of the transcription factor, Zfp423, in visceral white adipocyte precursors leads to the formation of thermogenic adipocytes in visceral fat depots and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
47. 1. Neuroscience

    A theory of working memory without consciousness or sustained activity

    Darinka Trübutschek, Sébastien Marti ... Stanislas Dehaene

    Visual information can be maintained in non-conscious working memory for several seconds via short-term changes in synaptic weights.
48. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway of a vector insect is activated by virus capsid protein and promotes viral replication

    Wei Wang, Wan Zhao ... Feng Cui

    Plant viruses enhance their replication in vector insects by activating the vector's JNK pathway, and inhibition of this pathway may be a useful strategy for controlling transmission of plant viruses.
49. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    In vitro analysis of RQC activities provides insights into the mechanism and function of CAT tailing

    Beatriz A Osuna, Conor J Howard ... David E Weinberg

    Yeast extracts recapitulate a quality-control pathway dedicated to rescuing stalled ribosomes, providing unexpected insights into a noncanonical elongation reaction and the fate of incompletely synthesized proteins.
50. 1. Ecology

    Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades

    Kévin Rey, Romain Amiot ... Christophe Lécuyer

    Two therapsid clades, dicynodonts and cynodonts, independently acquired and developed an endotherm-like thermoregulation during the Late Permian period, that probably helped them to survive the major global climate and environmental fluctuations of the end-Permian.
51. 1. Neuroscience

    A connectome of a learning and memory center in the adult Drosophila brain

    Shin-ya Takemura, Yoshinori Aso ... Louis K Scheffer

    Connectomic analysis in the fly's (Drosophila) learning and memory center identifies unique circuit motifs that have not been anticipated by over 30 years of extensive anatomical, experimental and theoretical studies.
52. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    CRISPR-mediated genetic interaction profiling identifies RNA binding proteins controlling metazoan fitness

    Adam D Norris, Xicotencatl Gracida, John A Calarco

    Synthetic genetic analysis in C. elegans identifies pairs of RNA binding protein genes that play a critical role in organism health and development.
53. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural insights into the light-driven auto-assembly process of the water-oxidizing Mn₄CaO₅-cluster in photosystem II

    Miao Zhang, Martin Bommer ... Athina Zouni

    The structures of photosystem II, with the water-oxidizing Mn4CaO5-cluster fully removed and in an intermediate assembly state, show that photoassembly is facilitated by perfectly pre-arranged protein ligands of the five metal ions.
54. 1. Plant Biology

    ATP sensing in living plant cells reveals tissue gradients and stress dynamics of energy physiology

    Valentina De Col, Philippe Fuchs ... Markus Schwarzländer

    The monitoring of ATP dynamics in living plants using fluorescent protein biosensor provides evidence for the complex relationship between cellular energy status and growth.
55. 1. Neuroscience

    Selective and regulated trapping of nicotinic receptor weak base ligands and relevance to smoking cessation

    Anitha P Govind, Yolanda F Vallejo ... William N Green

    The smoking cessation drug varenicline (Chantix) and other weak base ligands reduce a4b2-type nicotinic receptor (a4b2R) upregulation through slow intracellular release due to selective trapping in acidic vesicles that contain a4b2Rs.
56. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Sec17/Sec18 act twice, enhancing membrane fusion and then disassembling cis-SNARE complexes

    Hongki Song, Amy Orr ... William Wickner

    Sec17 (αSNAP) and Sec18 (NSF) are shown to act twice, to promote fusion per se and to recycle SNAREs after fusion.
57. 1. Cell Biology

    The human cytoplasmic dynein interactome reveals novel activators of motility

    William B Redwine, Morgan E DeSantis ... Samara L Reck-Peterson

    Using a proximity-dependent labeling approach in living cells, the human cytoplasmic dynein-1 interactome was identified and a new family of dynein activators, ninein and ninein-like, was discovered.
58. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Histone H3G34R mutation causes replication stress, homologous recombination defects and genomic instability in S. pombe

    Rajesh K Yadav, Carolyn M Jablonowski ... Janet F Partridge

    Mutation of Glycine 34 to Arginine within the N-terminal tail of histone H3 alters post-translational modifications on Lysine 36 and is associated with a delay in replication restart, defective homologous recombination and an increase in genomic instability.
59. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    High-resolution mapping of heteroduplex DNA formed during UV-induced and spontaneous mitotic recombination events in yeast

    Yi Yin, Margaret Dominska ... Thomas D Petes

    Genome-wide mapping of heteroduplex DNA (a recombination intermediate) formed during mitotic recombination in yeast demonstrates that the "classical" model of double-strand DNA break repair is inadequate to explain several aspects of mitotic recombination.
60. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    A tunable refractive index matching medium for live imaging cells, tissues and model organisms

    Tobias Boothe, Lennart Hilbert ... Jochen C Rink

    Iodixanol supplementation provides a simple method for tuning the refractive index of live imaging media, which can greatly improve resolution and penetration depth in live imaging experiments.
61. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Promiscuous binding by Hsp70 results in conformational heterogeneity and fuzzy chaperone-substrate ensembles

    Rina Rosenzweig, Ashok Sekhar ... Lewis E Kay

    Multiple chaperone binding sites on substrates suggest a mechanism by which the Hsp70 chaperone can circumvent kinetic traps in protein folding.
62. 1. Neuroscience

    SynEM, automated synapse detection for connectomics

    Benedikt Staffler, Manuel Berning ... Moritz Helmstaedter

    The detection of chemical synapses in 3-dimensional electron microscopy data has been automated such that synapses in large-scale connectivity maps of the cerebral cortex, connectomes, can be charted without the need for human interaction.
63. 1. Neuroscience

    Locus coeruleus to basolateral amygdala noradrenergic projections promote anxiety-like behavior

    Jordan G McCall, Edward R Siuda ... Michael R Bruchas

    Selective activation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic terminals drives anxiety-like behaviors through activation of β-adrenergic receptors in the basolateral amygdala.
64. 1. Neuroscience

    Dopamine neuron dependent behaviors mediated by glutamate cotransmission

    Susana Mingote, Nao Chuhma ... Stephen Rayport

    The conditional reduction of glutaminase in mouse dopamine neurons selectively attenuates glutamate cotransmission at phasic frequencies, revealing the role of dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission in the attribution of motivational salience.
65. 1. Developmental Biology

    Lunatic fringe-mediated Notch signaling regulates adult hippocampal neural stem cell maintenance

    Fatih Semerci, William Tin-Shing Choi ... Mirjana Maletic-Savatic

    In adult mouse hippocampus, neural stem cell and their progeny communicate via Lunatic Fringe mediated Notch signaling to regulate stem cell quiescence, division, and fate.
66. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure and function during ageing in mice and Drosophila

    Tobias Brandt, Arnaud Mourier ... Werner Kühlbrandt

    Respiratory activity and inner membrane organisation of mitochondria from Drosophila melanogaster break down during ageing, but mouse heart mitochondria appear to be protected against age-related damage.
67. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Evidence that Mediator is essential for Pol II transcription, but is not a required component of the preinitiation complex in vivo

    Natalia Petrenko, Yi Jin ... Kevin Struhl

    Mediator, a transcriptional coactivator complex, is essential for transcription but is not a required component of a functional preinitiation complex, indicating that Mediator is not equivalent to a general transcription factor.
68. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    A multi-scale model for hair follicles reveals heterogeneous domains driving rapid spatiotemporal hair growth patterning

    Qixuan Wang, Ji Won Oh ... Maksim V Plikus

    Regional differences in activator and inhibitor signals alter hair cycle pace across mouse skin and produce unique fur renewal 'landscapes', with fastest renewal on the ventrum and slowest renewal on the ear pinnae.
69. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution

    Yuh Chwen G Lee, Gary H Karpen

    The ability of transposable elements to epigenetically influence adjacent genes impacts genome evolution by driving substantial variation in transposon numbers between species.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    LTP and memory impairment caused by extracellular Aβ and Tau oligomers is APP-dependent

    Daniela Puzzo, Roberto Piacentini ... Ottavio Arancio

    Oligomeric Amyloid-β and Tau, two proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, require Amyloid Precursor Protein to enter neurons and exert their detrimental effect on synaptic plasticity and memory.
71. 1. Ecology

    An insect anti-antiaphrodisiac

    Colin S Brent, John A Byers, Anat Levi-Zada

    The first evidence is presented of a compound released by mated females that directly counteracts the effects of a seminal anti-aphrodisiac, but has no attractant properties in itself.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    Arid1b haploinsufficient mice reveal neuropsychiatric phenotypes and reversible causes of growth impairment

    Cemre Celen, Jen-Chieh Chuang ... Hao Zhu

    Mirroring human patients with ARID1B mutations, Arid1b haploinsufficient mice exhibited numerous neuropsychiatric defects and revealed IGF1 deficiency related growth impairment that could be ameliorated with growth hormone supplementation.
73. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A broadly distributed toxin family mediates contact-dependent antagonism between gram-positive bacteria

    John C Whitney, S Brook Peterson ... Joseph D Mougous

    Diverse LXG toxins delivered by the Esx pathway function as mediators of contact-dependent interbacterial antagonism within and between Gram-positive bacterial species.
74. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Increasing evidence of mechanical force as a functional regulator in smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase

    Fabian Baumann, Magnus Sebastian Bauer ... Hermann Eduard Gaub

    Atomic force microscopy based single-molecule force spectroscopy of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase strongly indicates the existence of a mechanically triggerable activation pathway analogous to its well-established biochemical regulation pathway via calcium-loaded calmodulin.
75. 1. Cancer Biology

    Tsc2 disruption in mesenchymal progenitors results in tumors with vascular anomalies overexpressing Lgals3

    Peter J Klover, Rajesh L Thangapazham ... Thomas N Darling

    Tsc2 inactivation in mouse mesenchymal progenitors produced tumors with vascular anomalies reminiscent of human angiomyolipomas, and a gene expression signature in Tsc2-deficient tissues which included Lgals3, as a novel potential biomarker for TSC1/2 loss.
76. 1. Developmental Biology

    Type XVII collagen coordinates proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis

    Mika Watanabe, Ken Natsuga ... Hiroshi Shimizu

    Type XVII collagen, a transmembranous protein in basal keratinocytes, suppresses interfollicular epidermal proliferation in neonatal and aged skin, and helps rejuvenate epidermis.
77. 1. Ecology
    2. Neuroscience

    Individual recognition and the ‘face inversion effect’ in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes)

    Mu-Yun Wang, Hideaki Takeuchi

    Medaka fish were able to use faces for individual recognition, and were slower to recognise inverted faces but not inverted non-face shapes.
78. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Mitosis can drive cell cannibalism through entosis

    Joanne Durgan, Yun-Yu Tseng ... Oliver Florey

    Mitosis is found to act as a novel trigger for epithelial cell cannibalism, revealing an important link between cell division and death, of relevance to cancer and chemotherapy.
79. 1. Neuroscience

    Ionic mechanisms underlying history-dependence of conduction delay in an unmyelinated axon

    Yang Zhang, Dirk Bucher, Farzan Nadim

    Conduction velocity of action potentials in unmyelinated axons depends ultimately on the gating variables of the fast voltage-gated sodium current and can be predicted from the action potential peak and trough voltages.
80. 1. Neuroscience

    Sequential neuromodulation of Hebbian plasticity offers mechanism for effective reward-based navigation

    Zuzanna Brzosko, Sara Zannone ... Ole Paulsen

    Sequential neuromodulation by acetylcholine and dopamine enables correlational synaptic learning which, when incorporated into a computational model, yields effective navigation toward changing reward locations as in natural foraging behavior.
81. 1. Developmental Biology

    Decoding temporal interpretation of the morphogen Bicoid in the early Drosophila embryo

    Anqi Huang, Christopher Amourda ... Timothy E Saunders

    Cell fates endowed by higher Bicoid concentration require input for longer duration, demonstrating a temporally non-linear morphogen-mediated pattern formation.
82. 1. Cancer Biology

    Essential roles of Caspase-3 in facilitating Myc-induced genetic instability and carcinogenesis

    Ian M Cartwright, Xinjian Liu ... Chuan-Yuan Li

    Myc expression is shown to cause sublethal activation of Caspase-3 and downstream endonuclease G, which causes DNA double strand breaks and oncogenic transformation in human cells.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    Effects of dopamine on reinforcement learning and consolidation in Parkinson’s disease

    John P Grogan, Demitra Tsivos ... Elizabeth J Coulthard

    Memory over 24 hours was impaired in Parkinson's patients off, rather than on, dopaminergic medication during reinforcement learning, whereas dopamine did not affect positive and negative reinforcement, in contrast to previous studies.
84. 1. Cell Biology

    Mitochondrial flashes regulate ATP homeostasis in the heart

    Xianhua Wang, Xing Zhang ... Heping Cheng

    Mitochondrial flashes counteract the imbalance of ATP supply-and-demand and constitute an auto-regulator of ATP homeostasis in the heart.
85. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Synthetic lethality between the cohesin subunits STAG1 and STAG2 in diverse cancer contexts

    Petra van der Lelij, Simone Lieb ... Mark Petronczki

    STAG1 has been identified as a hardwired genetic dependency of cancer cells harbouring mutations in the cohesin subunit and emerging major tumor suppressor STAG2 holds the promise for the development of selective therapeutics.
86. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The cyanobacterial circadian clock follows midday in vivo and in vitro

    Eugene Leypunskiy, Jenny Lin ... Michael J Rust

    The cyanobacterial core clock tracks midday regardless of day length, which can be understood in terms of a model for how the environment alters the clock limit cycle.
87. 1. Neuroscience

    Theta oscillations locked to intended actions rhythmically modulate perception

    Alice Tomassini, Luca Ambrogioni ... Eric Maris

    Theta oscillations synchronize perception with the emerging motor intention in an automatic and task-independent way.
88. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Deconstruction of the Ras switching cycle through saturation mutagenesis

    Pradeep Bandaru, Neel H Shah ... John Kuriyan

    Sequence conservation in Ras depends strongly on the biochemical network in which it operates, providing a framework for understanding the origin of global selection pressures on proteins.
89. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Topological analysis of multicellular complexity in the plant hypocotyl

    Matthew DB Jackson, Hao Xu ... George W Bassel

    The use of network science to quantify the properties of global cellular organization in the plant hypocotyl identifies higher-order properties and plasticity in epidermal cell patterning.
90. 1. Neuroscience

    Complementary contributions of basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex to value learning under uncertainty

    Alexandra Stolyarova, Alicia Izquierdo

    Rat orbitofrontal cortex is required to accurately represent outcome distributions, whereas basolateral amygdala is necessary for the facilitation of learning in response to surprising events.
91. 1. Cell Biology

    Cell cycle entry triggers a switch between two modes of Cdc42 activation during yeast polarization

    Kristen Witte, Devin Strickland, Michael Glotzer

    Optogenetic control of Cdc42 activation during polarization of budding yeast demonstrates a cell cycle regulated switch between two distinct modes of positive feedback.
92. 1. Neuroscience

    Phasic and tonic neuron ensemble codes for stimulus-environment conjunctions in the lateral entorhinal cortex

    Maryna Pilkiw, Nathan Insel ... Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi

    Neuron populations in the lateral entorhinal cortex discriminate between memory-based contexts through both continuous "tonic" activity patterns as well as by their stimulus-evoked "phasic" responses.
93. 1. Neuroscience

    Physiological and pathophysiological control of synaptic GluN2B-NMDA receptors by the C-terminal domain of amyloid precursor protein

    Paula A Pousinha, Xavier Mouska ... Hélène Marie

    The APP intracellular domain (AICD) physiologically regulates synaptic GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor current, a process that could contribute to pathological Alzheimer's disease-related synaptic failure upon increase of AICD levels in adult neurons.
94. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Microfluidic-based mini-metagenomics enables discovery of novel microbial lineages from complex environmental samples

    Feiqiao Brian Yu, Paul C Blainey ... Stephen R Quake

    Microfluidic-based mini-metagenomics enables the investigation of environmental microbial communities in high-throughput and with single-cell resolution, facilitating genome binning and quantification of function, abundance, and genome variation.
95. 1. Neuroscience

    An intersectional gene regulatory strategy defines subclass diversity of C. elegans motor neurons

    Paschalis Kratsios, Sze Yen Kerk ... Oliver Hobert

    Genetic analysis reveals the mechanistic basis of motor neuron subclass specification in Caenorhabditis elegans.
96. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Macrophage dysfunction initiates colitis during weaning of infant mice lacking the interleukin-10 receptor

    Naresh S Redhu, Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu ... Bruce H Horwitz

    A detailed time-series analysis reveals that the interleukin-10 receptor prevents susceptibility to microbiota-driven colonic inflammation that emerges at the time of weaning by directly inhibiting the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory intestinal macrophage phenotype.
97. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Dpp from the anterior stripe of cells is crucial for the growth of the Drosophila wing disc

    Shinya Matsuda, Markus Affolter

    A recent report proposing that the dpp stripe (the main source of the protein dpp) is dispensable for Drosophila wing disc growth missed the critical role on growth due to imprecise spatial removal of dpp.
98. 1. Cell Biology

    Spatiotemporal regulation of autophagy during Caenorhabditis elegans aging

    Jessica T Chang, Caroline Kumsta ... Malene Hansen

    Autophagic flux assays in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that autophagy decreases during normal aging, whereas long-lived daf-2 and glp-1 mutants maintain autophagic capacity in distinct spatiotemporal-specific manners to extend lifespan.
99. 1. Developmental Biology

    Boundary Dpp promotes growth of medial and lateral regions of the Drosophila wing

    Lara Barrio, Marco Milán

    Dpp emanating from the anterior-posterior compartment boundary is continuously required to promote proliferative growth of the whole fly wing appendage.
100. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Dpp controls growth and patterning in Drosophila wing precursors through distinct modes of action

     Pablo Sanchez Bosch, Ruta Ziukaite ... Jean-Paul Vincent

     Striped expression of Dpp in Drosophila wing precursors leads to graded signalling activity that positions wing veins and, in parallel, promotes growth in a gradient-independent manner by supplying signalling activity above a threshold.
101. 1. Developmental Biology

     Longevity is impacted by growth hormone action during early postnatal period

     Liou Y Sun, Yimin Fang ... Andrzej Bartke

     Transient hormonal alterations during early critical developmental periods can have a crucial and long-lasting effect on lifespan in mice.
102. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Exophilin-8 assembles secretory granules for exocytosis in the actin cortex via interaction with RIM-BP2 and myosin-VIIa

     Fushun Fan, Kohichi Matsunaga ... Tetsuro Izumi

     Analyses of knockout mice and a biochemical screen of interacting proteins reveal that exophilin-8 forms a large network of protein interactions to efficiently retain secretory granules beneath the plasma membrane for exocytosis.
103. 1. Neuroscience

     Polyglycerol-opioid conjugate produces analgesia devoid of side effects

     Sara González-Rodríguez, Mohiuddin A Quadir ... Christoph Stein

     A novel opioid formulation producing analgesia similar to conventional opioids without permeation of blood-brain or intestinal barriers, thus precluding sedation, constipation and respiratory depression.
104. 1. Neuroscience

     A hierarchical, retinotopic proto-organization of the primate visual system at birth

     Michael J Arcaro, Margaret S Livingstone

     A retinotopic proto-organization present at birth provides the infrastructure for the subsequent development of visual cortex that commences at the onset of visual experience.
105. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     Minimal-assumption inference from population-genomic data

     Daniel B Weissman, Oskar Hallatschek

     The coalescent history of a population can be learned just from the present genomic diversity, without having detailed prior knowledge of the pattern of recombination or the forces driving coalescence.
106. 1. Neuroscience

     Amount of fear extinction changes its underlying mechanisms

     Bobae An, Jihye Kim ... Sukwoo Choi

     The inhibition mechanism of fear extinction operates primarily in the early phase of extinction training, and the erasure mechanism takes over after that.
107. 1. Neuroscience

     Motoneurons regulate the central pattern generator during drug-induced locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse

     Melanie Falgairolle, Joshua G Puhl ... Michael J O’Donovan

     Motoneuron activity provides feedback to the spinal network responsible for generating locomotion in the developing mouse spinal cord.