Lorriane Eley, Ahlam MS Alqahtani ... Deborah J Henderson
Identification of a novel source of progenitor cells that form arterial valve leaflets and that, when disrupted, can lead to bicuspid arterial valve, the most common human cardiac malformation.
Functional analyses provide evidence for a complex Nod factor signalling where NFRe is necessary for maintaining an optimal symbiotic signalling in the susceptible root zone, and initiation of nodule primordia on the expanding root system.
Functional UltraSound imaging allows mapping tonotopic organisation in multiple auditory subcortical and cortical brain structures with an unprecedented spatial functional resolution, while giving access to long-distance top-down connectivity pattern from frontal cortex to auditory cortex.
Michelle M Collins, Hans-Martin Maischein ... Didier YR Stainier
Expression of Pitx2c at the onset of gastrulation drives convergence and extension movements in the zebrafish embryo by promoting downstream pathways affecting chemokine signaling, integrin-ECM interactions, and planar cell polarity components.
Biochemical and genetic studies reveal a third transcription factor, BHLHE40, that together with LXR and C/EBPβ mediates insulin induction of SREBP-1c, which in turn leads to triglyceride accumulation in liver.
Combined cell labelling with a bi-cistronic reporter-gene vector and gold nanorods enables short- and long-term cell tracking in vivo via multimodal imaging (multispectral optoacoustic tomography, bioluminescence, fluorescence) with high spatial resolution.
Mark A McClintock, Carly I Dix ... Simon L Bullock
Reconstitution of dynein-based mRNA transport with purified components reveals a pivotal role of an RNA localisation signal in controlling the assembly and activity of the translocation machinery.
Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral response to a mechanosensory signal depends on both the temporal properties of the signal, such as its rate of change, and the animal's current behavior state.
Jessica Cande, Shigehiro Namiki ... Gordon J Berman
Optogenetically activated individual descending neurons in Drosophila melanogaster drive varied stereotyped motor patterns that are often influenced by the animal's initial behavioral state.
Shigehiro Namiki, Michael H Dickinson ... Gwyneth M Card
Systematic analysis of descending neuron anatomy reveals the basic functional map of descending sensory-motor pathways in flies and provides genetic tools for targeted interrogation of neural circuits.
Thomas E Sladewski, Neil Billington ... Kathleen M Trybus
mRNA cargo orchestrates the activation of an in vitro reconstituted dynein-dynactin-Bicaudal D-Egalitarian complex for robust processive motion on microtubules.
Anat Melamed, Hiroko Yaguchi ... Charles RM Bangham
The human leukemia virus HTLV-1 causes abnormal chromatin looping in tens of thousands of infected T cell clones in each host, and abnormal host transcription both flanking the integrated provirus and at distant loci in cis.
Behavioral analyses and an optogenetic approach reveal an existence of GR-mediated metaplasticity in the LA and its link with adaptive fear response to auditory cues in a stressful condition.
Red blood cells infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are destroyed by human natural killer cells in the presence of antibodies from people who have acquired clinical immunity to malaria.
Magdalena Kremer, Nora Kuhlmann ... Michael Lammers
We applied a combined synthetic biological, biochemical and mass-spectrometric approach to show that YcgC is not a member of a novel lysine deacetylase class in prokaryotes.
The general transcriptional machinery promotes the efficient reactivation of global transcription following mitosis, and thereby enables maintenance of transcriptional memory through the cell cycle.
Joerg E Braun, Larry J Friedman ... Melissa J Moore
Viewing the dynamic interactions of individual spliceosomal subcomplexes with single pre-messenger RNA molecules reveals how nearby flanking splice sites accelerate pre-spliceosome assembly and the splicing of multi-intron pre-mRNAs.
Redistribution of the PRC2 complex in H3.3K27M mutant cells to poised enhancers contributes to the global reduction of H3K27me3 in cells expressing the mutant proteins.
Defense-related selective autophagy mediated by the antimicrobial autophagy cargo receptor NBR1/Joka2 is diverted to pathogen penetration sites to restrict plant colonization by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans.
Andrew J Watrous, Jonathan Miller ... Joshua Jacobs
Prospective navigational goals are represented by single neuron firing rates and firing relative to slow oscillatory phase (phase coding) in the human medial temporal lobe.
Thomas Pfeiffer, Stefanie Poll ... U Valentin Nägerl
Super-resolution STED microscopy is demonstrated for the first time in the deeply embedded mouse hippocampus in vivo, revealing direct evidence for an unprecedentedly high level of synapse remodeling in a brain structure closely associated with memory processing.
Cell biological features are subject to stochastic forces of mutation and random genetic drift, which together cause lineages exposed to identical selection pressures to diverge, and mean phenotypes to deviate from expectations under optimizing selection.
Reducing visibility with higher image presentation rates increases recurrent processing demands along the visual processing pathway to resolve object recognition.
A comprehensive approach to prediction of stabilizing mutations in G-protein coupled receptors yields high hit rate and crystal structures of 5HT2C in both active and inactive states.
The convergent evolution of yeast Mim1/2 and trypanosomal pATOM36 enable the first demonstration of reciprocal functional rescue of two evolutionary unrelated mitochondrial biogenesis complexes belonging to two different eukaryotic supergroups.
If released in the wild, current CRISPR-based gene drive systems designed to alter populations could spread much farther than intended, despite the evolution of drive resistance.
Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Katarzyna A Sala ... Andrew M Blagborough
Combining pre-erythrocytic and transmission blocking antibodies enhances the overall control and potential elimination of malaria within both mosquito and vertebrate populations.
Ian A Swinburne, Kishore R Mosaliganti ... Sean G Megason
The pressure of fluid in the inner ear is controlled by opening of cellular valves in the endolymphatic sac to allow for regulated transepithelial fluid flow.
Proteolytic maturation of auxiliary α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels increases neuronal communication by controlling the synaptic release of neurotransmitter.
Disturbing the microbiota with antibiotics alters gut redox state via changes in electron acceptor availability, setting the stage for post-antibiotic succession.
Yu Hsuan Carol Yang, Koichi Kawakami, Didier YR Stainier
A novel mode of organ innervation, whereby neurons establish connections with their targets before migrating away, was revealed by live imaging of the developing zebrafish pancreas.
Girish R Mali, Patricia L Yeyati ... Pleasantine Mill
Chaperoning defects in axonemal dynein subunits trigger proteostatic clearance of dynein motors opening up the possibility of trialling proteostasis modulators to treat the motile ciliopathy primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).
The H3K4 methyltransferase Setd1b is intrinsically required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homeostasis and regulates lineage specification in mice.
In vivo study of arbovirus infections reveals the dominant role of pDC IRF7-signaling in directing both type I and II IFN responses, and leading to viral control.
A general cytoplasmic signaling mechanism for the novel functions of diverse alpha protocadherins in cortical neuron migration and actin cytoskeletal dynamics as well as dendrite morphogenesis in the brain.
Proteomic, biochemical and cell-based analyses of the heterodecameric core GID/CTLH E3 ligase complex reveal its molecular architecture, activity determinants, and function in targeting the tumor suppressor Hbp1 and other substrates required for cell proliferation.
Franck Ladam, William Stanney ... Charles G Sagerström
TALE transcription factors bind different genomic motifs and function together with different protein partners at different stages of zebrafish embryogenesis.
A mouse virtual reality system is presented which allows normal spatial behavior and place, grid and head-direction cell firing patterns in 2-D arenas, and is compatible with electrophysiology and multi-photon imaging.
Genetic and pharmacological approaches demonstrate that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide neurons from the ventral premamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus regulate reproductive function by modulating the activity of a subset of Kiss1 neurons in the female mouse.
Principal neurons of the brainstem nucleus comparing sound level at the two ears do not have the slow response properties previously attributed to them, but are instead specialized for fast weighing of excitation and inhibition.
Characterization of Tnc as a selective integrin ligand at the Drosophila NMJ allows for unprecedented insights into our understanding of extracellular matrix/integrin interactions at synaptic locations and reveals novel, distinct presynaptic and postsynaptic integrin functions.
Ioanna Oikonomidi, Emma Burbridge ... Colin Adrain
Secretion of the inflammatory cytokine TNF requires a protein called iTAP/FrmD8, which controls the cell surface stability of the TNF shedding machinery, iRhom2 and TACE/ADAM17.
Elisabeth A Geyer, Matthew P Miller ... Luke M Rice
Antagonism between binding to unpolymerized subunits and to the lattice leads to a ratcheting model for the processive action of a microtubule polymerase.
The brain and olfactory epithelium play a key role in pattering chondrogenic areas in the developing face, which is partly based on the release of SHH from neurosensory structures into the facial mesenchyme.
The process of cytokinesis can allow cell lineages to intermix in mammalian epithelia, and cellular aspect ratio is a critical modulator of this behavior.
Associations can be mapped using k-mer frequencies in sequencing reads without prior sequencing of a reference genome enabling detection of associations to variants of multiple types and outside of the reference.
Left-right asymmetric rotation of the Drosophila hindgut is driven by "cell sliding," a novel cellular behavior induced by chiral cell deformation, in which cells change their position relative to subjacent neighbors as sliding directionally.
The technique of serial blockface scanning electron microscopy, which permits the complete reconstruction of neuronal structures, allows comparison of the detailed "wiring diagrams" of lateral-line receptor organs in wild-type and mutant zebrafish.
Erika A Riederer, Paul J Focke ... Francis I Valiyaveetil
Methodology for the in vitro assembly of multimeric membrane proteins and the utility of the approach for generating heteromeric variants of homo-multimeric proteins is described.
Translation termination is a stochastic process that utilizes loosely coupled motions of its players to complete protein synthesis and release the newly synthesized nascent chain toward its cellular destination.
Miriam Bracha Ginzberg, Nancy Chang ... Marc W Kirschner
Cells employ two strategies, adjusting both their cell cycle lengths and their growth rates in a size-dependent manner, to correct aberrations in cell size.
A set of ex vivo and in vivo experiments, including genetic ablation and regeneration studies, identify a key regulatory function of SOXF factors in muscle stem cells in mice.
Timothy F Miles, Katja Spiess ... K Christopher Garcia
Numerous chemokine variants bearing no sequence resemblance elicit similar signaling behavior from the viral GPCR US28, suggesting a mechanism for receptor activation that accommodates extensive ligand degeneracy.
Interplay between FGF-induced bHLH transcription factors and BMP-induced bHLH inhibitory id genes govern mesodermal cell fate choice along the mediolateral axis in both zebrafish and mouse.
Disassembly of the HIV-1 capsid is a catastrophic process, whereby initiation and propagation can be controlled independently by molecules that bind to different features of the capsid lattice.
Andrew John Knappenberger, Caroline Wetherington Reiss, Scott A Strobel
RNA aptamers that are closely related and share a common scaffold can readily adapt to recognize new ligands through changes in just a few nucleotides.
The complex process of protein translocation across membranes has been dissected into multiple key steps and the distributions of translocation rates indicate stochastic nature of the reaction.
Developmental hearing loss causes perceptual deficits that are best explained by degraded auditory cortical encoding that is recorded during task performance.
Genevieve C Kendall, Sarah Watson ... James F Amatruda
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, HES3, acts downstream of the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene to impair muscle differentiation and promote tumorigenesis in rhabdomyosarcoma, a childhood muscle cancer.
Jermyn Z See, Craig A Atencio ... Christoph E Schreiner
Auditory cortical columns contain small subsets of neurons with highly synchronous activity (cNEs) that create robust sequences of coordinated activity suitable for enhanced information processing and signal transmission beyond the capability of individual neurons.
Benjamin Schwarz, Dominik Hollfelder ... Ingolf Reim
A novel regulatory model for the diversification of cardiac cell subpopulations in Drosophila is established by linking epidermal growth factor signaling with differential activities of key transcription factors.
Andrew James Kerr Conlan, Martin Vordermeier ... James LN Wood
Natural transmission experiments should be prioritised over risky and expensive field trials, in order to establish the impact of cattle vaccination on the transmission of bovine Tuberculosis.
Ana Sánchez-Moreno, Eduardo Guevara-Hernández ... León D Islas
Temperature-activated TRPV1 ion channels respond to increased temperatures by opening and then entering an inactivated state from which they cannot recover, suggesting that this form of irreversible gating results from partial unfolding during heat absorption.
Analysis of aging yeast cells using the in-vivo roGFP2-based probe reveals redox-dependent heterogeneity, reflected in a bi-modal distribution of the oxidation status, differential growth and replication, as well as distinct proteomic and transcriptomic profiles.
Machine learning models of coordinated hippocampal ensemble activity during sharp wave ripple activity encode structure that mirrors the place cell map expressed during exploration, and enable a new paradigm for analyzing and understanding this offline activity.
Biochemical approaches reveal that an epigenetic histone deacetylase complex called CoREST is slow to deacetylate histone H3 lysine-14 in nucleosomes, and this inhibits demethylation of histone H3 lysine-4 by the CoREST complex.
Maxime WC Rousseaux, Jean-Pierre Revelli ... Huda Y Zoghbi
Loss of a developmentally essential gene in adulthood is tolerated in mice, thus offering potential therapeutic options for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Qingqing Wang, Katharine C Abruzzi ... Donald C Rio
Diverse and widespread novel alternative pre-mRNA splicing isoforms as well as cycling alternative splicing events that undergo time-of-day dependent changes are identified in isolated Drosophila neuron groups.
In response to starvation, C. elegans converts a favorable pheromone that induces aggregation to an unfavorable one that induces a stress-resistant larval stage, thereby altering its chemical message without having to synthesize new pheromones de novo.
A combination of experiments, theory, and simulations shows that the elastic softening of microtubules when they are bent arises due to the flattening of their tubular cross-section.
Vera P Pisareva, Andrey V Pisarev, Israel S Fernández
A conformational change in the Cricket Paralysis Virus IRES upon double translocation in the ribosome uncovers an unexpected similarity with the Hepatitis C Virus IRES.
Takanori Nakane, Dari Kimanius ... Sjors HW Scheres
Multi-body refinement in RELION allows high-resolution reconstruction and visualisation of molecular motions in cryo-EM single-particle data sets with continuous forms of structural heterogeneity.
Jean-Michel Arbona, Arach Goldar ... Benjamin Audit
The universal eukaryotic DNA replication kinetics is the consequence of simple physicochemical rules resulting from the localisation of potential replication origins at discrete sites and the diffusion of limiting origin firing factors in the nuclear space.
