April 2022

Research articles

1. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Rate-limiting transport of positively charged arginine residues through the Sec-machinery is integral to the mechanism of protein secretion

   William J Allen, Robin A Corey ... Ian Collinson

   The time it takes to secrete a protein is dominated by diffusion of positively charged arginines through the channel across the membrane, but lysines avoid this problem as they are neutralised before transport.
2. 1. Developmental Biology
   2. Medicine

   VE-cadherin enables trophoblast endovascular invasion and spiral artery remodeling during placental development

   Derek C Sung, Xiaowen Chen ... Mark L Kahn

   VE-cadherin is required for trophoblast invasion of the maternal decidua and spiral arteries.
3. 1. Neuroscience

   Imaging of the pial arterial vasculature of the human brain in vivo using high-resolution 7T time-of-flight angiography

   Saskia Bollmann, Hendrik Mattern ... Jonathan R Polimeni

   Partial-volume effects were found to be the current limit to imaging pial arteries with MRI, not their slow blood flow, and therefore advanced acquisition techniques achieving resolutions below 200 µm in vivo provide a more complete picture of these vessels.
4. 1. Evolutionary Biology
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Epistatic selection on a selfish Segregation Distorter supergene – drive, recombination, and genetic load

   Beatriz Navarro-Dominguez, Ching-Ho Chang ... Amanda M Larracuente

   African haplotypes of a meiotic drive supergene in Drosophila melanogaster called Segregation Distorter show signs of a recent selective sweep, reduced recombination, and increased genetic load.
5. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Doublecortin engages the microtubule lattice through a cooperative binding mode involving its C-terminal domain

   Atefeh Rafiei, Sofía Cruz Tetlalmatzi ... David C Schriemer

   Doublecortin activates its C-terminal domain when its N-terminal domain engages the microtubule lattice, leading to self-associations that explain the stabilizing effect of Doublecortin in neuronal migration.
6. 1. Neuroscience

   Neuronal apoptosis drives remodeling states of microglia and shifts in survival pathway dependence

   Sarah Rose Anderson, Jacqueline M Roberts ... Monica L Vetter

   In postnatal retina, neuronal apoptosis promotes a spectrum of microglial transcriptional states with varied dependence on CSF1R; TAM receptor Mer and complement receptor 3 mediate phagocytosis of dying neurons while altered CSF1R dependence requires Axl.
7. 1. Neuroscience

   Drosulfakinin signaling modulates female sexual receptivity in Drosophila

   Tao Wang, Biyang Jing ... Chuan Zhou

   The neuropeptide Drosulfakinin (DSK) functions in a subset of DSK neurons to interact with neural nodes in the sex circuit and acts through its receptor CCKLR-17D3 to control female sexual behavior.
8. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
   2. Neuroscience

   Computational modeling of threat learning reveals links with anxiety and neuroanatomy in humans

   Rany Abend, Diana Burk ... Bruno B Averbeck

   Applying computational modeling to quantify threat learning processes uncovers how variations in these conserved learning processes relate to anxiety severity and the neuroanatomical substrates moderating these associations.
9. 1. Neuroscience

   Dopaminergic regulation of vestibulo-cerebellar circuits through unipolar brush cells

   Jose Ernesto Canton-Josh, Joanna Qin ... Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy

   For cerebellar unipolar brush cells that regulate information flow to the vestibulo-cerebellum, dopaminergic modulation by locus coeruleus axons presents a new example of monoaminergic co-release poised to regulate the activity of the cerebellar cortex.
10. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Development and characterization of new tools for detecting poly(ADP-ribose) in vitro and in vivo

    Sridevi Challa, Keun W Ryu ... W Lee Kraus

    Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) Trackers (PAR-Ts) are optimized PAR sensors that allow the detection and quantification of PAR levels in extracts, living cells, and living tissues with high sensitivity, and with temporal and spatial precision, in many different experimental and biological systems.
11. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Mechanical stimulation promotes enthesis injury repair by mobilizing Prrx1⁺ cells via ciliary TGF-β signaling

    Han Xiao, Tao Zhang ... Hongbin Lu

    The proper mechanical stimulus could promote the migration of Prrx1⁺ cells to the injury site to enhance enthesis injury repair.
12. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Reconstitution of surface lipoprotein translocation through the Slam translocon

    Minh Sang Huynh, Yogesh Hooda ... Trevor F Moraes

    Slam is an outer membrane protein translocon that functions with the periplasmic chaperone Skp to translocate protein substrates across the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells.
13. 1. Neuroscience

    The role of V3 neurons in speed-dependent interlimb coordination during locomotion in mice

    Han Zhang, Natalia A Shevtsova ... Ilya A Rybak

    The role of genetically identified V3 interneurons with ascending propriospinal projections in the spinal locomotor circuitry and their contribution to the limb coordination and speed-dependent gait expression during locomotion were investigated using a combination of experimental studies and computational modeling.
14. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The interferon-inducible GTPase MxB promotes capsid disassembly and genome release of herpesviruses

    Manutea C Serrero, Virginie Girault ... Beate Sodeik

    Novel cell-free biochemical experiments show that the host GTPase MxB can restrict the infection of alphaherpesviruses by disassembling the sturdy viral capsids so that they can no longer protect the viral genomes.
15. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Allosteric cooperation in β-lactam binding to a non-classical transpeptidase

    Nazia Ahmad, Sanmati Dugad ... Pankaj Kumar

    Allosteric mechanism of dual β-lactam binding in L,D-transpeptidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
16. 1. Neuroscience

    Analysis of rod/cone gap junctions from the reconstruction of mouse photoreceptor terminals

    Munenori Ishibashi, Joyce Keung ... Stephen C Massey

    Each cone terminal is electrically coupled to around 50 nearby rods, forming a switchable circuit, known as the secondary rod pathway, in which all gap junction channels participate.
17. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Genetic variation in ALDH4A1 is associated with muscle health over the lifespan and across species

    Osvaldo Villa, Nicole L Stuhr ... Sean P Curran

    Leveraging the US Health and Retirement Study and C. elegans genetics reveals ALDH4A1/alh-6 as an evolutionarily conserved biomarker for normal muscle function over the lifespan.
18. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Neuroscience

    Cohesin-dependence of neuronal gene expression relates to chromatin loop length

    Lesly Calderon, Felix D Weiss ... Matthias Merkenschlager

    Cohesin is required for the expression of neuronal genes that engage in long chromatin loops, while short-range enhancer-promoter loops can form in the absence of cohesin.
19. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A transcriptomic atlas of Aedes aegypti reveals detailed functional organization of major body parts and gut regional specializations in sugar-fed and blood-fed adult females

    Bretta Hixson, Xiao-Li Bing ... Nicolas Buchon

    RNAseq profiles of female Aedes body parts, gut regions, and blood-fed guts provide insight into the anatomical patterning of immune and digestive function, and demonstrate the sequential induction of multiple peptidase cohorts over the course of blood meal digestion.
20. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Microtubule assembly by tau impairs endocytosis and neurotransmission via dynamin sequestration in Alzheimer’s disease synapse model

    Tetsuya Hori, Kohgaku Eguchi ... Tomoyuki Takahashi

    Wild-type human recombinant tau protein infused in presynaptic terminals newly assembled microtubules, which sequestered cytosolic dynamins, thereby blocking synaptic vesicle endocytosis and causing activity-dependent rundown of excitatory synaptic transmission in a slice model of mouse brainstem.
21. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Inhibitory proteins block substrate access by occupying the active site cleft of Bacillus subtilis intramembrane protease SpoIVFB

    Sandra Olenic, Lim Heo ... Lee Kroos

    A novel mechanism of intramembrane protease regulation involves a protein blocking the active site of the enzyme.
22. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Reorganization of postmitotic neuronal chromatin accessibility for maturation of serotonergic identity

    Xinrui L Zhang, William C Spencer ... Evan S Deneris

    Terminal selectors reorganize postmitotic neuronal chromatin to select cis-regulatory elements during 5-HT neuron maturation.
23. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A bidirectional switch in the Shank3 phosphorylation state biases synapses toward up- or downscaling

    Chi-Hong Wu, Vedakumar Tatavarty ... Gina G Turrigiano

    Activity-dependent bidirectional changes in phosphorylation of the autism-associated scaffold protein Shank3 are essential for the expression of homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
24. 1. Neuroscience

    Opioid analgesia alters corticospinal coupling along the descending pain system in healthy participants

    Alexandra Tinnermann, Christian Sprenger, Christian Büchel

    Corticospinal functional MRI reveals that the opioid remifentanil and the level of perceived analgesia modulate coupling strength between the prefrontal cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord.
25. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Neutrophil extracellular traps arm DC vaccination against NPM-mutant myeloproliferation

    Claudio Tripodo, Barbara Bassani ... Sabina Sangaletti

    Neutrophil extracellular traps are an immunogenic source of leukemia antigens in dendritic cell-based vaccination and are able to instruct antileukemia CD8 T-cell responses.
26. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Natural-gradient learning for spiking neurons

    Elena Kreutzer, Walter Senn, Mihai A Petrovici

    A parametrization-invariant synaptic plasticity rule based on natural-gradient descent leads to multiple predictions for the biological plasticity process, some of which relate to well-studied phenomena such as heterosynaptic plasticity.
27. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Retinoic acid-induced protein 14 controls dendritic spine dynamics associated with depressive-like behaviors

    Soo Jeong Kim, Youngsik Woo ... Sang Ki Park

    Rai14-Tara complex enhances the stability of dendritic spines and synaptic connections relevant to depressive-like behaviors.
28. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Zebrafish airinemes optimize their shape between ballistic and diffusive search

    Sohyeon Park, Hyunjoong Kim ... Jun Allard

    Mathematical characterization of the shape of cellular protrusions that form cell–cell contacts in tissues reveals the parameters required for optimizing biological functional objectives, like maximizing cell–cell contact and communicating directional information.
29. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Activation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway drives transdifferentiation of quiescent niche cells to stem cells in the Drosophila testis niche

    Leah J Greenspan, Margaret de Cuevas ... Erika L Matunis

    In the adult Drosophila testis, normally quiescent niche cells can be forced to re-enter the cell cycle and give rise to new stem cells in response to epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.
30. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The organic cation transporter 2 regulates dopamine D1 receptor signaling at the Golgi apparatus

    Natasha M Puri, Giovanna R Romano ... Roshanak Irannejad

    Dopamine D1 receptor signaling from the Golgi apparatus in murine striatal medium spiny neurons is regulated by monoamine transporter OCT2.
31. 1. Cell Biology

    OXPHOS deficiencies affect peroxisome proliferation by downregulating genes controlled by the SNF1 signaling pathway

    Jean-Claude Farre, Krypton Carolino ... Suresh Subramani

    The emerging importance of interorganellar communication is demonstrated by documentation of a feedback loop wherein peroxisome-generated metabolites affect mitochondrial ATP production and peroxisomal functions via signaling pathways requiring transmission of signals also through the cytosol and the nucleus.
32. 1. Neuroscience

    Flexible use of memory by food-caching birds

    Marissa C Applegate, Dmitriy Aronov

    A novel laboratory paradigm for studying food-caching behavior in black-capped chickadees and contributions of memory to this behavior.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Distinct representations of body and head motion are dynamically encoded by Purkinje cell populations in the macaque cerebellum

    Omid A Zobeiri, Kathleen E Cullen

    The transformation of multiple streams of sensory information into an estimate of body motion occurs between the cerebellum and deep cerebellar nucleus to ensure postural and perceptual stability.
34. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Cross-species analysis of LZTR1 loss-of-function mutants demonstrates dependency to RIT1 orthologs

    Antonio Cuevas-Navarro, Laura Rodriguez-Muñoz ... Pau Castel

    Biochemical and genetic analysis of the functional relationship between RIT1 and its regulatory protein, LZTR1, across various model organisms helps define the substrate specificity of LZTR1 for RAS GTPases.
35. 1. Neuroscience

    Widespread nociceptive maps in the human neonatal somatosensory cortex

    Laura Jones, Madeleine Verriotis ... Maria Fitzgerald

    Widespread somatosensory cortical activation following a single localised skin breaking procedure indicates a diffuse pain map in the human infant brain.
36. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Enhanced C/EBPβ function promotes hyperplastic versus hypertrophic fat tissue growth and prevents steatosis in response to high-fat diet feeding

    Christine Müller, Laura M Zidek ... Cornelis F Calkhoven

    Gene regulation by C/EBPβ determines how surplus of dietary fat is stored, which has consequences for metabolic health.
37. 1. Cell Biology

    A tRNA processing enzyme is a key regulator of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response

    James P Held, Gaomin Feng ... Maulik R Patel

    A key role for RNAs in sensing and mounting a response to mitochondrial stress.
38. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    A functional screen of RNA binding proteins identifies genes that promote or limit the accumulation of CD138+ plasma cells

    David J Turner, Alexander Saveliev ... Martin Turner

    A genetic screening approach identifies RNA binding proteins that enhance or inhibit the accumulation of CD138+ plasma cells in vitro, and chimeric mouse models demonstrate that YTHDF2 promotes the accumulation of antibody secreting cells in vivo.
39. 1. Cell Biology

    Oligogenic heterozygous inheritance of sperm abnormalities in mouse

    Guillaume Martinez, Charles Coutton ... Christophe Arnoult

    This first evidence of oligogenic inheritance in failed spermatogenesis strongly suggests that oligogenic heterozygosity could explain a significant proportion of asthenoteratozoospermia cases.
40. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Role of YAP in early ectodermal specification and a Huntington's Disease model of human neurulation

    Francesco M Piccolo, Nathaniel R Kastan ... Ali H Brivanlou

    In a model of human neurulation (neuruloids), YAP is deferentially regulated across ecotodermal lineages, where it contributes to their differentiation and structural organization, and is hyper-active upon HD mutation, contributing to an HD-signature phenotype.
41. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    A cryptic K48 ubiquitin chain binding site on UCH37 is required for its role in proteasomal degradation

    Jiale Du, Sandor Babik ... Eric Strieter

    The proteasomal deubiquitinase UCHL5/UCH37 uses a face distinct from the canonical ubiquitin binding site to engage K48-linked ubiquitin chains and catalyze chain debranching.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits

    Stefano Musardo, Alessandro Contestabile ... Camilla Bellone

    Oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus mediate the increased sociability as a consequence of acute social isolation during adolescence via ventral tegmental area circuits.
43. 1. Neuroscience

    Cerebellum encodes and influences the initiation, performance, and termination of discontinuous movements in mice

    Michael A Gaffield, Britton A Sauerbrei, Jason M Christie

    The activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells both represents and participates in organizing the temporal structure of a periodically performed motor action.
44. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM structure of the human somatostatin receptor 2 complex with its agonist somatostatin delineates the ligand-binding specificity

    Yunseok Heo, Eojin Yoon ... Weontae Lee

    The atomic resolution cryo-EM structure of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) provides insights into the mechanism by which SSTRs recognize their ligands and will serve as a platform to develop selective agonists and therapeutics.
45. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Neocortical pyramidal neurons with axons emerging from dendrites are frequent in non-primates, but rare in monkey and human

    Petra Wahle, Eric Sobierajski ... Gundela Meyer

    Archived histological material from tracing studies, immunohistochemistry, and Golgi impregnations allowed to discover a so far unrecognized structural difference, potentially of functional importance, between neocortical pyramidal neurons of rodent, carnivore, and ungulate as compared to monkey and man.
46. 1. Cell Biology

    Macrophage inflammation resolution requires CPEB4-directed offsetting of mRNA degradation

    Clara Suñer, Annarita Sibilio ... Raúl Méndez

    Decay rate of mRNAs encoding inflammatory regulators is controlled by the balance between AU-rich element-mediated deadenylation and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-mediated polyadenylation.
47. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Computed tomographic analysis of the dental system of three Jurassic ceratopsians and implications for the evolution of tooth replacement pattern and diet in early-diverging ceratopsians

    Jinfeng Hu, Catherine A Forster ... Fenglu Han

    The tooth replacement pattern of early-diverging ceratopsians helps to understand the origin of the specialized dental system of ceratopsids and provides new insights to feeding strategy transition.
48. 1. Neuroscience

    A-type FHFs mediate resurgent currents through TTX-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels

    Yucheng Xiao, Jonathan W Theile ... Theodore R Cummins

    A-type fibroblast growth factor homologous factors generate resurgent currents in tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels, increase repetitive firing of sensory neurons, and provide a potentially important target for pain treatment strategies.
49. 1. Neuroscience

    Invariant neural subspaces maintained by feedback modulation

    Laura B Naumann, Joram Keijser, Henning Sprekeler

    Feedback-driven gain modulation provides a mechanism to generate and maintain invariant sensory representations in the presence of contextual changes by dynamically adapting feedforward sensory processing.
50. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Modeling the consequences of the dikaryotic life cycle of mushroom-forming fungi on genomic conflict

    Benjamin Auxier, Tamás L Czárán, Duur K Aanen

    Fungi that produce mushrooms have a unique life cycle with two haploid nuclei, instead of a diploid nucleus, this allows additional matings and selection at the level of the nucleus, even with a fitness trade-off.
51. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Molecular determinants of complexin clamping and activation function

    Manindra Bera, Sathish Ramakrishnan ... James E Rothman

    Complexin, in conjunction with Synaptotagmin, clamps the SNARE-assembly process under resting conditions and promote vesicle fusion in response to calcium signal.
52. 1. Neuroscience

    Chemoreceptor co-expression in Drosophila melanogaster olfactory neurons

    Darya Task, Chun-Chieh Lin ... Christopher J Potter

    Olfactory neurons of insects, once thought to express only a single type of olfactory receptor, exhibit widespread co-expression of receptors from multiple chemosensory gene families.
53. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Dithiothreitol causes toxicity in C. elegans by modulating the methionine–homocysteine cycle

    Gokul G, Jogender Singh

    The redox reagent dithiothreitol causes toxicity by depleting S-adenosylmethionine levels, and dietary vitamin B12 could alleviate this toxicity via the methionine synthase enzyme.
54. 1. Cancer Biology

    Air pollution particles hijack peroxidasin to disrupt immunosurveillance and promote lung cancer

    Zhenzhen Wang, Ziyu Zhai ... Lei Dong

    Inhaled fine particulate matters impair immune defense to accelerate tumorigenesis by pulling the strings of interstitial collagen in lung tissue.
55. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Selective inhibition reveals the regulatory function of DYRK2 in protein synthesis and calcium entry

    Tiantian Wei, Jue Wang ... Xiaoguang Lei

    A potent and selective DYRK2 inhibitor has been developed and used as a chemical tool to reveal eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are new substrates for DYRK2.
56. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    MCMBP promotes the assembly of the MCM2–7 hetero-hexamer to ensure robust DNA replication in human cells

    Yuichiro Saito, Venny Santosa ... Masato T Kanemaki

    The MCM-binding protein (MCMBP) promotes the hexamer assembly of the replicative MCM2–7 helicase by interacting with the nascent MCM3 subunit, playing a key role in achieving high expression levels of the functional MCM2–7 helicase for maintaining genome integrity.
57. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Multi-omics insights into host-viral response and pathogenesis in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses for novel therapeutic target

    Ujjwal Neogi, Nazif Elaldi ... Ali Mirazimi

    The interplay of the host metabolic reprogramming, its negative association with antiviral biological signaling pathways and the IFN-mediated host antiviral mechanism during Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) infection could provide attractive options for therapeutic intervention of CCHF.
58. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural excursions from manifold structure explain patterns of learning during human sensorimotor adaptation

    Corson Areshenkoff, Daniel J Gale ... Jason P Gallivan

    Human sensorimotor learning is associated with changes in the structure of cognitive and motor functional brain networks, and reconfiguration processes occurring in these networks are associated with distinct patterns of subject learning and relearning.
59. 1. Cell Biology

    High and stable ATP levels prevent aberrant intracellular protein aggregation in yeast

    Masak Takaine, Hiromi Imamura, Satoshi Yoshida

    The first demonstration that cellular ATP homeostasis suppresses high volatility of cellular ATP levels to ensure proteostasis that prevents accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregation.
60. 1. Developmental Biology

    Notch controls the cell cycle to define leader versus follower identities during collective cell migration

    Zain Alhashem, Dylan Feldner-Busztin ... Claudia Linker

    Computational modelling and experimental manipulation show that Notch signalling regulates collective cell migration by allocating distinct migratory identities through the control of cell cycle progression.
61. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Intracellular glycosyl hydrolase PslG shapes bacterial cell fate, signaling, and the biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Jingchao Zhang, Huijun Wu ... Luyan Ma

    A systematical study of pslG mutants at both a single cell and community level reveals the importance of intracellular glycosyl hydrolase PslG on the cell fate and biofilm development of P. aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen that can cause persistent infections.
62. 1. Neuroscience

    Hippocampal-hypothalamic circuit controls context-dependent innate defensive responses

    Jee Yoon Bang, Julia Kathryn Sunstrum ... Junchul Kim

    The hippocampus controls context-dependent defensive behaviors through the anterior hypothalamus, a major component of the medial hypothalamic defense system, by retrieving contextual information essential for avoiding predatory threats and escaping to a safe shelter.
63. 1. Neuroscience

    Probing the segregation of evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission via photobleaching and recovery of a fluorescent glutamate sensor

    Camille S Wang, Natali L Chanaday ... Ege T Kavalali

    Photobleaching and recovery of a fluorescent glutamate sensor enable demonstration of the distinct spatial architectures of spontaneous versus evoked forms of glutamatergic neurotransmission within single synapses.
64. 1. Neuroscience

    Deletion of Calsyntenin-3, an atypical cadherin, suppresses inhibitory synapses but increases excitatory parallel-fiber synapses in cerebellum

    Zhihui Liu, Man Jiang ... Thomas C Südhof

    Calsyntenin-3 functions in cerebellar Purkinje neurons as a postsynaptic adhesion molecule that, unexpectedly, suppresses excitatory parallel-fiber synapse numbers but boosts inhibitory synapse numbers and thereby controls the excitatory/inhibitory balance of Purkinje neurons.
65. 1. Cell Biology

    Measurements and simulations of microtubule growth imply strong longitudinal interactions and reveal a role for GDP on the elongating end

    Joseph M Cleary, Tae Kim ... Luke M Rice

    State-of-the-art measurements of microtubule growth combined with computational models provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule elongation, including a role for GDP on the growing microtubule end.
66. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Long-range migration of centrioles to the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium

    Kaitlin Ching, Jennifer T Wang, Tim Stearns

    Olfactory sensory neurons have centrioles that are amplified in number and that migrate from the cell body to the end of the dendrite relatively slowly and in groups, becoming mature only after they reach their destination.
67. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Genetic variation of putative myokine signaling is dominated by biological sex and sex hormones

    Leandro M Velez, Cassandra Van ... Marcus M Seldin

    Genetic architecture of muscle secreted protein functions are dominated by sex.
68. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    A mechano-osmotic feedback couples cell volume to the rate of cell deformation

    Larisa Venkova, Amit Singh Vishen ... Matthieu Piel

    Whether deforming cells behave as elastic balls (deforming at constant volume) or as sponges (loosing volume as they deform) depends on how fast they change their shape, because the cell volume depends on the tension of the plasma membrane.
69. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Autoinhibition and regulation by phosphoinositides of ATP8B1, a human lipid flippase associated with intrahepatic cholestatic disorders

    Thibaud Dieudonné, Sara Abad Herrera ... Guillaume Lenoir

    Single particle cryo-electron microscopy associated with functional studies reveal a critical role of N- and C-terminal tails in the autoinhibition of the disease-related ATP8B1-CDC50A lipid flippase, the possible role of phosphorylation in autoinhibition relief, and strong activation by PI(3,4,5)P₃.
70. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Protection of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks is mediated by phosphorylation of RIF1 intrinsically disordered region

    Sandhya Balasubramanian, Matteo Andreani ... Michela Di Virgilio

    Replication stress induces phosphorylation events within RIF1 intrinsically disordered region that are essential for RIF1's role in DNA replication fork protection.
71. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A point mutation in the nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B constitutively activates the integrated stress response by allosteric modulation

    Morgane Boone, Lan Wang ... Michael Schoof

    Genetically induced conformational modulation of eIF2B activates the Integrated Stress Response by impairing nucleotide exchange.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    Neuronal origins of reduced accuracy and biases in economic choices under sequential offers

    Weikang Shi, Sebastien Ballesta, Camillo Padoa-Schioppa

    Neuronal activity in the primate orbitofrontal cortex reveals different choice biases observed when offers are presented sequentially originate at different stages of the decision process.
73. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Aspirin’s effect on kinetic parameters of cells contributes to its role in reducing incidence of advanced colorectal adenomas, shown by a multiscale computational study

    Yifan Wang, C Richard Boland ... Natalia L Komarova

    A mathematical model of colorectal cancer initiation shows that a change in cells’ kinetic parameters due to aspirin can account for an observed reduction in advanced adenoma age- incidence in patients treated with aspirin.
74. 1. Neuroscience

    Independent and interacting value systems for reward and information in the human brain

    Irene Cogliati Dezza, Axel Cleeremans, William H Alexander

    Reward and information are independently optimized in the human prefrontal cortex, while their signals combine in subcortical regions.
75. 1. Neuroscience

    Drosophila TRPγ is required in neuroendocrine cells for post-ingestive food selection

    Subash Dhakal, Qiuting Ren ... Youngseok Lee

    Genetic, behavioral, and biochemical evidence reveals that the Drosophila TRPγ channel is required in neuroendocrine cells for the starvation-induced switch in preference to less palatable but more nutritive food.
76. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Windborne migration amplifies insect-mediated pollination services

    Huiru Jia et al.

    Delineating Episyrphus balteatus transregional movements and pollination networks advance a deep understanding of its migration ecology and facilitate the design of targeted strategies to conserve and enhance its ecosystem services.
77. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Free spermidine evokes superoxide radicals that manifest toxicity

    Vineet Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Mishra ... Dipak Dutta

    Spermidine-mediated superoxide generation affects iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli.
78. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A conditional gene-based association framework integrating isoform-level eQTL data reveals new susceptibility genes for schizophrenia

    Xiangyi Li, Lin Jiang ... Miaoxin Li

    An improved conditional gene-based association analysis framework guided by multiple variant-gene mapping strategies was built and evaluated based on its performance in predicting the potential susceptibility isoforms, genes, and tissues of schizophrenia.
79. 1. Cell Biology

    Condensation of Ede1 promotes the initiation of endocytosis

    Mateusz Kozak, Marko Kaksonen

    Protein phase separation provides an explanation for the compositional flexibility of endocytic initiation and the role of multivalent disordered scaffolds in endocytosis.
80. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Medicine

    Effects of mango and mint pod-based e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on inflammatory states of the brain, lung, heart, and colon in mice

    Alex Moshensky, Cameron S Brand ... Laura E Crotty Alexander

    Chronic, daily inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols alters the inflammatory state of multiple organ systems, including the brain, heart, lung and colon.
81. 1. Neuroscience

    Humans actively sample evidence to support prior beliefs

    Paula Kaanders, Pradyumna Sepulveda ... Benedetto De Martino

    In a perceptual choice task, human participants have a preference for sampling more information from a previously chosen alternative, indicating the presence of 'confirmation bias' in perceptual decision-making.
82. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    A B-cell actomyosin arc network couples integrin co-stimulation to mechanical force-dependent immune synapse formation

    Jia C Wang, Yang-In Yim ... John A Hammer

    B-cell integrin co-stimulation promotes the formation of an actomyosin network that drives integrin-dependent immune synapse formation and B-cell activation.
83. 1. Plant Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus

    Koji Kato, Tasuku Hamaguchi ... Jian-Ren Shen

    Primordial cyanobacterial PSI structure.
84. 1. Cell Biology

    The peroxisomal exportomer directly inhibits phosphoactivation of the pexophagy receptor Atg36 to suppress pexophagy in yeast

    Houqing Yu, Roarke A Kamber, Vladimir Denic

    A novel mechanism by which a compartment-specific AAA+ complex mediating organelle biogenesis and protein quality control staves off induction of selective autophagy.
85. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Automated, high-dimensional evaluation of physiological aging and resilience in outbred mice

    Zhenghao Chen, Anil Raj ... Adam Freund

    A non-invasive animal monitoring system paired with a custom analysis pipeline allows organism-level aging to be studied with improved throughput, resolution, and physiological scope while reducing the activation energy that comes with highly specialized challenge-based procedures.
86. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Unbiased proteomics, histochemistry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number reveal better mitochondrial health in muscle of high-functioning octogenarians

    Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien, Sally Spendiff ... Russell T Hepple

    Skeletal muscle from world-class octogenarian athletes, representing a population with very high physical function in advanced age, exhibits greater mass and strength that is associated with overrepresentation of proteins involved in mitochondrial biology and more oxidatively competent muscle fibers.
87. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Contingency and selection in mitochondrial genome dynamics

    Christopher J Nunn, Sidhartha Goyal

    Single-molecule sequencing and mating experiments in yeast reveal key properties of mitochondrial DNA dynamics that inform the fate of mutant mtDNA in cells.
88. 1. Developmental Biology

    Cell-state transitions and collective cell movement generate an endoderm-like region in gastruloids

    Ali Hashmi, Sham Tlili ... Pierre-François Lenne

    A cellular and biophysical study on embryonic stem cell aggregates reveals that the endoderm can form by a three-step mechanism involving a Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated epiblast fragmentation, tissue flow and cell segregation.
89. 1. Neuroscience

    Young domestic chicks spontaneously represent the absence of objects

    Eszter Szabó, Cinzia Chiandetti ... Giorgio Vallortigara

    Without specific training, young chicks represent the absence of objects, showing that the concept of 'nothing' is available to nonhuman animals and does not require linguistic tools, such as negation.
90. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Evolution of binding preferences among whole-genome duplicated transcription factors

    Tamar Gera, Felix Jonas ... Naama Barkai

    The fate of duplicated transcription factors within budding yeast is described, providing insights into the mechanisms that shape transcriptional networks during evolution.
91. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Characterization of convergent thickening, a major convergence force producing morphogenic movement in amphibians

    David R Shook, Jason WH Wen ... Ray E Keller

    Xenopus embryos use tissue surface tension to generate hoop-stress around the blastopore to help close it during gastrulation.
92. 1. Ecology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Competition for fluctuating resources reproduces statistics of species abundance over time across wide-ranging microbiotas

    Po-Yi Ho, Benjamin H Good, Kerwyn Casey Huang

    A simple model provides an accessible framework to infer macroscopic parameters of effective resource competition from longitudinal studies of microbial communities.
93. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Efficient differentiation of human primordial germ cells through geometric control reveals a key role for Nodal signaling

    Kyoung Jo, Seth Teague ... Idse Heemskerk

    Highly reproducible and efficient human primordial germ cell differentiation was achieved through geometric confinement, which enabled quantitative dissection of the cell signaling driving this differentiation, revealing a major role of Wnt signaling is indirect by inducing Nodal signaling.
94. 1. Neuroscience

    Endogenous Syngap1 alpha splice forms promote cognitive function and seizure protection

    Murat Kilinc, Vineet Arora ... Gavin Rumbaugh

    Alternatively spliced C-terminal protein sequences encoded by the Syngap1 gene exhibit unique biochemical and functional properties in vivo, which explain in part how individual isoforms can promote cognitive functions and seizure protection.
95. 1. Neuroscience

    Schema representations in distinct brain networks support narrative memory during encoding and retrieval

    Rolando Masís-Obando, Kenneth A Norman, Christopher Baldassano

    Neural representations of both general event schemas and story-specific details predict memory performance in narrative recall, with distinct brain networks tracking schematic information during perception versus retrieval.
96. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Multi-omic rejuvenation of human cells by maturation phase transient reprogramming

    Diljeet Gill, Aled Parry ... Wolf Reik

    Transiently reprogramming human fibroblasts up to the maturation phase rejuvenates cells according to several aging markers whilst enabling them to return to their original identity.
97. 1. Developmental Biology

    Completion of neural crest cell production and emigration is regulated by retinoic-acid-dependent inhibition of BMP signaling

    Dina Rekler, Chaya Kalcheim

    BMP-dependent retinoic acid signaling is responsible for the separation of central from peripheral lineages during neural development.
98. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Agl24 is an ancient archaeal homolog of the eukaryotic N-glycan chitobiose synthesis enzymes

    Benjamin H Meyer, Panagiotis S Adam ... Helge C Dorfmueller

    The crenarchaeon Sulfolobus synthesizes the N-glycan core in the identical way as all Eukaryotes, which strengthens the hypothesis that the eukaryotic N-glycosylation is acquired from an ancient archaeon during eukaryogenesis.
99. 1. Neuroscience

    Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance

    Charlie S Burlingham, Minyoung Ryoo ... Elisha P Merriam

    The fMRI-BOLD signal in human early visual cortex reflects alertness and behavioral performance on the timescale of individual trials.
100. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Genetic loci and metabolic states associated with murine epigenetic aging

     Khyobeni Mozhui, Ake T Lu ... Steve Horvath

     Age-dependent changes in DNA methylation are tightly coupled to the metabolic state, and is partly under genetic regulation, and longer lifespan is associated with lower epigenetic entropy at CpGs that increase in methylation with age.
101. 1. Neuroscience

     Generation of a CRF₁-Cre transgenic rat and the role of central amygdala CRF₁ cells in nociception and anxiety-like behavior

     Marcus M Weera, Abigail E Agoglia ... Nicholas W Gilpin

     A novel transgenic rat for studying the role of specific corticotropin-releasing factor type-1 receptor-expressing cell populations in physiology and behavior.
102. 1. Developmental Biology

     Acquisition of cellular properties during alveolar formation requires differential activity and distribution of mitochondria

     Kuan Zhang, Erica Yao ... Pao-Tien Chuang

     Mitochondrial activity and distribution control alveolar formation by conferring distinct cellular properties.
103. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

     Learning cortical representations through perturbed and adversarial dreaming

     Nicolas Deperrois, Mihai A Petrovici ... Jakob Jordan

     A cortical model inspired by cognitive theories and deep learning demonstrates how the combination of wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM), and REM dreams leads to the emergence of robust and semantically organized neuronal representations in higher cortical areas.
104. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     Late-life fitness gains and reproductive death in Cardiocondyla obscurior ants

     Luisa Maria Jaimes-Nino, Jürgen Heinze, Jan Oettler

     Lifelong continuous reproduction, late-life investment into female sexuals, a short phase of senescence, and reproductive death characterize the life history of Cardiocondyla obscurior ant queens.
105. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Concerted modification of nucleotides at functional centers of the ribosome revealed by single-molecule RNA modification profiling

     Andrew D Bailey, Jason Talkish ... Manuel Ares

     A method enabling identification of more than 100 RNA modifications in single ribosomal RNA molecules uncovers new classes of modified ribosomes.
106. 1. Neuroscience

     Short-term plasticity in the human visual thalamus

     Jan W Kurzawski, Claudia Lunghi ... Paola Binda

     Short-term monocular deprivation effects are widespread in the visual cortex and extend subcortically to the ventral pulvinar, while sparing the dorsal pulvinar and the lateral geniculate nucleus.
107. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Putting the theory into ‘burstlet theory’ with a biophysical model of burstlets and bursts in the respiratory preBötzinger complex

     Ryan S Phillips, Jonathan E Rubin

     A calcium-based mechanism of neural recruitment offers a biophysical framework that unifies recent findings on respiratory rhythm generation and pattern formation by the circuitry within the brainstem.
108. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     An Archaea-specific c-type cytochrome maturation machinery is crucial for methanogenesis in Methanosarcina acetivorans

     Dinesh Gupta, Katie E Shalvarjian, Dipti D Nayak

     A streamlined form of the bacterial System I cytochrome c biogenesis machinery in archaea was characterized using Methanosarcina acetivorans as a model system.
109. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Listeria monocytogenes requires cellular respiration for NAD⁺ regeneration and pathogenesis

     Rafael Rivera-Lugo, David Deng ... Samuel H Light

     The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires respiration for the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis.
110. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Quantifying chromosomal instability from intratumoral karyotype diversity using agent-based modeling and Bayesian inference

     Andrew R Lynch, Nicholas L Arp ... Mark E Burkard

     Chromosomal instability of cancer can be quantitatively measured by phylogenetic analysis of 200 tumor cells while using evolutionary principles to account for cellular selection.
111. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Reprogramming and redifferentiation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells reveal tumor inhibitory activity

     Chie Sugimoto, Yukie Murakami ... Hiroshi Wakao

     Mucosal-associated invariant T cells, an emerging member of the innate-like T cells abundant in humans bridging the innate and the adaptive immunity, could be exploited as a novel tool for cancer immunotherapy through cell reprogramming.
112. 1. Ecology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Noisy metabolism can promote microbial cross-feeding

     Jaime G Lopez, Ned S Wingreen

     Noise-averaging cooperation (NAC) is a novel theory for the emergence of microbial cross-feeding by which noisy intracellular metabolism can promote cooperation and cross-feeding among cells.
113. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Innervation modulates the functional connectivity between pancreatic endocrine cells

     Yu Hsuan Carol Yang, Linford JB Briant ... Didier YR Stainier

     Intercellular communication is critical for organ function, and the role of innervation in mediating this communication is of relevance to many fields, including developmental biology, neuroendocrinology, and disease pathophysiology.
114. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     DNA circles promote yeast ageing in part through stimulating the reorganization of nuclear pore complexes

     Anne C Meinema, Anna Marzelliusardottir ... Yves Barral

     Acetylation of nuclear basket components, following their interaction with accumulating extrachromosomal DNA circles, drives the reorganization of nuclear pore complexes and the loss of cellular viability associated with replicative ageing.
115. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Precise in vivo functional analysis of DNA variants with base editing using ACEofBASEs target prediction

     Alex Cornean, Jakob Gierten ... Joachim Wittbrodt

     An integrated framework for in vivo base edting allows to scalably validate candidate genes and DNA variants.
116. 1. Medicine

     Meta-research: justifying career disruption in funding applications, a survey of Australian researchers

     Adrian Barnett, Katie Page ... Susanna Cramb

     A survey of health and medical researchers revealed important diffrences in how career disruption is treated in funding decisions, with differences in what applicants with disruption are willing to divulge and the adjustments made by reviewers.
117. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Pinpointing the tumor-specific T cells via TCR clusters

     Mikhail M Goncharov, Ekaterina A Bryushkova ... Ekaterina O Serebrovskaya

     Cluster analysis reveals convergent T cell clones reacting to tumor antigens, enabling intelligent optimization of cancer immunotherapy.
118. 1. Neuroscience

     A dynamic clamp protocol to artificially modify cell capacitance

     Paul Pfeiffer, Federico José Barreda Tomás ... Susanne Schreiber

     Via the capacitance clamp, electrophysiologists can for the first time flexibly set an artificial membrane capacitance for neurons and other excitable cells and thereby adjust their membrane time constant independent of any conductance changes.
119. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Developmental Biology

     Synthetic reconstruction of the hunchback promoter specifies the role of Bicoid, Zelda and Hunchback in the dynamics of its transcription

     Gonçalo Fernandes, Huy Tran ... Nathalie Dostatni

     The hunchback transcription features are compatible with an equilibrium model with a short decay length Bicoid activity gradient as the sole source of positional information, while Zelda and Hunchback speed-up the process by different means.
120. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     An auxin-inducible, GAL4-compatible, gene expression system for Drosophila

     Colin D McClure, Amira Hassan ... Tony D Southall

     Development of a new tool to control the activity of the GAL4 in Drosophila allows researchers to switch transgene expression on in specific cell types by feeding them the plant hormone auxin.
121. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     An incentive circuit for memory dynamics in the mushroom body of Drosophila melanogaster

     Evripidis Gkanias, Li Yan McCurdy ... Barbara Webb

     Modelling differential roles for identified dopaminergic and output neurons of the fruit fly mushroom bodies, combined with a novel dopaminergic plasticity rule, explains neural and behavioural phenomena in olfactory learning tasks.