July 2019

Research articles

1. 1. Genetics and Genomics
   2. Neuroscience

   Gain-of-function mutations in the UNC-2/CaV2α channel lead to excitation-dominant synaptic transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans

   Yung-Chi Huang, Jennifer K Pirri ... Mark J Alkema

   Caenorhabditis elegans studies indicate that gain-of-function mutations in the presynaptic voltage-gated calcium, associated with familial hemiplegic migraine in humans, result in excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in the nervous system.
2. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Computational and Systems Biology

   Profiling the Escherichia coli membrane protein interactome captured in Peptidisc libraries

   Michael Luke Carlson, R Greg Stacey ... Franck Duong Van Hoa

   Trapping of the cell envelope proteome into water-soluble peptidisc library allows high-throughput definition of the membrane protein interactome.
3. 1. Neuroscience

   The readily-releasable pool dynamically regulates multivesicular release

   Jada H Vaden, Gokulakrishna Banumurthy ... Jacques I Wadiche

   The number of neurotransmitter vesicles released into the synaptic cleft is regulated by the size of the readily-releasable pool upstream of release probability.
4. 1. Cell Biology

   Molecular basis for dyneinopathies reveals insight into dynein regulation and dysfunction

   Matthew G Marzo, Jacqueline M Griswold ... Steven M Markus

   A mutagenesis screen in budding yeast sheds light on dynein regulation and function, and reveals the molecular basis for disease in patients suffering from neuropathies caused by dynein dysfunction.
5. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   High-resolution and high-accuracy topographic and transcriptional maps of the nucleosome barrier

   Zhijie Chen, Ronen Gabizon ... Carlos Bustamante

   Direct observation of RNA Polymerase II transcription through a single nucleosome at near basepair resolution suggests a mechanism for selective control of gene expression.
6. 1. Cancer Biology

   R-propranolol is a small molecule inhibitor of the SOX18 transcription factor in a rare vascular syndrome and hemangioma

   Jeroen Overman, Frank Fontaine ... Mathias Francois

   Identification of the R(+)-propranolol enantiomer as an inhibitor of the SOX18 transcription factor activity breaks open potential of drug repurposing in vascular diseases.
7. 1. Developmental Biology
   2. Neuroscience

   Extracellular Pgk1 enhances neurite outgrowth of motoneurons through Nogo66/NgR-independent targeting of NogoA

   Cheng Yung Lin, Chia Lun Wu ... Huai Jen Tsai

   The amount of secreted Pgk1 is sharply decreased in Rtn4al/NogoA-overexpressed muscle cells, leading to various manifestations of neurodegenerative disease, including denervated neuromuscular junction and failed neurite outgrowth of motoneurons.
8. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Structural and functional insights into the bona fide catalytic state of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 HNH nuclease domain

   Zhicheng Zuo, Ashwini Zolekar ... Jin Liu

   The catalytic activation of the Cas9 HNH domain involves a unique conformational change in the ββα-metal motif that is collectively driven by the interactions with the metal ions and DNA.
9. 1. Physics of Living Systems

   Cell-sized confinement controls generation and stability of a protein wave for spatiotemporal regulation in cells

   Shunshi Kohyama, Natsuhiko Yoshinaga ... Nobuhide Doi

   A cell-sized fully confined space significantly controls the emergence and stability of a protein wave, resulting in intracellular spatiotemporal regulation driven by a reaction-diffusion mechanism.
10. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    The antimicrobial peptide defensin cooperates with tumour necrosis factor to drive tumour cell death in Drosophila

    Jean-Philippe Parvy, Yachuan Yu ... Julia B Cordero

    Natural activity of the antimicrobial peptide Defensin includes execution of tumour cell death by tumour necrosis factor in Drosophila.
11. 1. Neuroscience

    Spinal V2b neurons reveal a role for ipsilateral inhibition in speed control

    Rebecca A Callahan, Richard Roberts ... Martha W Bagnall

    Two anatomically and genetically distinct subtypes of spinal V2b neurons provide inhibition onto motor circuits and serve as a brake on locomotor speed.
12. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Two mechanisms regulate directional cell growth in Arabidopsis lateral roots

    Charlotte Kirchhelle, Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez ... Ian Moore

    In lateral roots, cells employ a novel pathway to cell edges to control directional growth, which acts independently of the leading paradigm of oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils at faces.
13. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Lmx1b is required at multiple stages to build expansive serotonergic axon architectures

    Lauren J Donovan, William C Spencer ... Evan S Deneris

    A continuously expressed LIM HD factor, Lmx1b, acts at successive stages to orchestrate the progressive morphological maturation of a long-range profusely arborized neuromodulatory axonal projection pathway.
14. 1. Neuroscience

    Sub-second dynamics of theta-gamma coupling in hippocampal CA1

    Lu Zhang, John Lee ... Annabelle C Singer

    A combination of signal processing and machine learning form a new approach to classify oscillatory coupling in single cycles without averaging over time and to capture cycle-by-cycle changes in coupling.
15. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A new family of cell surface located purine transporters in Microsporidia and related fungal endoparasites

    Peter Major, Kacper M Sendra ... Robert P Hirt

    Transporters shared by fungal intracellular parasites provide new insights into the evolution of nucleotide and energy parasitism.
16. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Plant Biology

    Epimutations are associated with CHROMOMETHYLASE 3-induced de novo DNA methylation

    Jered M Wendte, Yinwen Zhang ... Robert J Schmitz

    Simultaneous targeting of loci by pathways that promote euchromatin and heterochromatin primes transcribed genes for epimutations in the form of CG DNA methylation.
17. 1. Neuroscience

    Human foveal cone photoreceptor topography and its dependence on eye length

    Yiyi Wang, Nicolas Bensaid ... Austin Roorda

    Despite evidence of retinal stretching with eye growth, cone photoreceptor sampling density in the foveal center of humans actually increases with eye length.
18. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Ataxin-7 and Non-stop coordinate SCAR protein levels, subcellular localization, and actin cytoskeleton organization

    Veronica Cloud, Ada Thapa ... Ryan D Mohan

    An unbiased biochemical screen reveals a direct link between gene regulation and actin cytoskeleton remodeling.
19. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Combinations of Spok genes create multiple meiotic drivers in Podospora

    Aaron A Vogan, S Lorena Ament-Velásquez ... Hanna Johannesson

    Members of a single gene family determine the genomic basis of multiple coexisting meiotic drive elements in natural populations of Podospora.
20. 1. Neuroscience

    Primate prefrontal neurons signal economic risk derived from the statistics of recent reward experience

    Fabian Grabenhorst, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui ... Wolfram Schultz

    Neurons in prefrontal cortex track the variance of experienced rewards to guide economic decisions.
21. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    FcγRIIB-I232T polymorphic change allosterically suppresses ligand binding

    Wei Hu, Yong Zhang ... Wei Chen

    A single-nucleotide I232T polymorphic change in FcγRIIB's transmembrane domain bends FcγRIIB's ectodomains toward cell membrane to allosterically hinder FcγRIIB's ligand association, providing novel molecular mechanism for functional loss of FcγRIIB-I232T.
22. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    PUMILIO, but not RBMX, binding is required for regulation of genomic stability by noncoding RNA NORAD

    Mahmoud M Elguindy, Florian Kopp ... Joshua T Mendell

    Interaction with PUMILIO is essential for maintenance of genomic stability by the cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA NORAD, whereas binding to RBMX is dispensable for this function.
23. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Nanoscale organization of rotavirus replication machineries

    Yasel Garcés Suárez, Jose L Martínez ... Carlos F Arias

    Super-resolution microscopy reveals, at nanometric-scale, the highly organized protein structure of viroplasms, the viral factories used by rotavirus to replicate its genome and assemble new viral particles.
24. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Identification of an emphysema-associated genetic variant near TGFB2 with regulatory effects in lung fibroblasts

    Margaret M Parker, Yuan Hao ... Peter J Castaldi

    A functional genetic variant, rs1690789, affects susceptibility to emphysema by altering TGFB2 expression in human lung fibroblasts.
25. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Skin vasculature and hair follicle cross-talking associated with stem cell activation and tissue homeostasis

    Kefei Nina Li, Prachi Jain ... Tudorita Tumbar

    Hair follicle epithelium and skin vasculature remodeling are coordinated during quiescence, and their cross-talking is associated with the timing of stem cell activation.
26. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Mechanism of pharmacochaperoning in a mammalian K_ATP channel revealed by cryo-EM

    Gregory M Martin, Min Woo Sung ... Show-Ling Shyng

    Diverse K_ATP channel inhibitors occupy a common binding pocket and stabilize an interaction between Kir6.2 and SUR1 to allosterically control gating and promote the assembly and trafficking of nascent channels.
27. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM structures and functional characterization of murine Slc26a9 reveal mechanism of uncoupled chloride transport

    Justin D Walter, Marta Sawicka, Raimund Dutzler

    The cryo-EM structure and functional characterization of the chloride-selective ion transporter Slc26a9 defines its oligomeric architecture and transport mechanism.
28. 1. Neuroscience

    Attentional amplification of neural codes for number independent of other quantities along the dorsal visual stream

    Elisa Castaldi, Manuela Piazza ... Evelyn Eger

    The representations of information concerning the number, size, density and surface of sets of objects in a visual image are separable along the occipito-parietal cortex and independently modulated by attention.
29. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Characterizing functional pathways of the human olfactory system

    Guangyu Zhou, Gregory Lane ... Christina Zelano

    Human primary olfactory cortical regions can be parcellated into anatomically distinct areas based on whole-brain functional connectivity profiles, suggesting distinct, parallel functional pathways in the human olfactory system.
30. 1. Neuroscience

    Distinct ipRGC subpopulations mediate light’s acute and circadian effects on body temperature and sleep

    Alan C Rupp, Michelle Ren ... Tiffany M Schmidt

    Daily fluctuations versus transient perturbations in environmental light influence behavior and physiology through distinct circuits.
31. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Optimization-by-design of hepatotropic lipid nanoparticles targeting the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide

    Dominik Witzigmann, Philipp Uhl ... Jörg Huwyler

    The combination of in vitro investigations, the zebrafish screening model and rodent experiments offered a unique approach to optimizing nanoparticles modified with Hepatitis B virus-derived peptides to specifically target hepatocytes.
32. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The transcription factor odd-paired regulates temporal identity in transit-amplifying neural progenitors via an incoherent feed-forward loop

    Merve Deniz Abdusselamoglu, Elif Eroglu ... Jürgen A Knoblich

    Odd-paired (opa) is required for the progression of temporal patterning in Drosophila neural progenitors to regulate temporal identities via an incoherent feed-forward loop.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    A human subcortical network underlying social avoidance revealed by risky economic choices

    Johannes Schultz, Tom Willems ... Rene Hurlemann

    The subjective value of engaging in human social situations, and amygdala and nucleus accumbens activation and their connectivity during social decision-making, vary with social anxiety traits.
34. 1. Neuroscience

    Conditional deletion of glucocorticoid receptors in rat brain results in sex-specific deficits in fear and coping behaviors

    Jessie R Scheimann, Rachel D Moloney ... James P Herman

    Development of a conditional glucocorticoid receptor knockdown rat model allows for high resolution anatomical, physiological and behavioral exploration into the role of glucocorticoid receptor signaling in defined cell populations.
35. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    ML277 specifically enhances the fully activated open state of KCNQ1 by modulating VSD-pore coupling

    Panpan Hou, Jingyi Shi ... Jianmin Cui

    ML277 exclusively enhances the AO state voltage-sensing domain (VSD)-pore coupling of KCNQ1 channels, providing an effective tool to investigate the voltge-dependent gating and new strategies for treating long QT syndrome.
36. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Formin-2 drives polymerisation of actin filaments enabling segregation of apicoplasts and cytokinesis in Plasmodium falciparum

    Johannes Felix Stortz, Mario Del Rosario ... Sujaan Das

    Formin-2 controls spatiotemporal polymerisation of actin filaments, a common mechanism used by apicomplexans for effective segregation of essential chloroplast-like organelles called apicoplasts, and additionally for daughter formation in Plasmodium falciparum.
37. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Splicing in a single neuron is coordinately controlled by RNA binding proteins and transcription factors

    Morgan Thompson, Ryan Bixby ... Adam D Norris

    Single-cell splicing of a conserved neuronal kinase is established by a combinatorial code of fate-determining transcription factors and neuronal RNA binding proteins, with different combinations in different neuron types.
38. 1. Neuroscience

    Closed-loop optogenetic activation of peripheral or central neurons modulates feeding in freely moving Drosophila

    Pierre-Yves Musso, Pierre Junca ... Michael D Gordon

    The Sip-Triggered Optogenetic Behavior Enclosure (STROBE) produces robust behaviors via activation of peripheral or central neurons in the fly, and mimics key features of feeding driven by chemical taste ligands.
39. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    The distribution of fitness effects among synonymous mutations in a gene under directional selection

    Eleonore Lebeuf-Taylor, Nick McCloskey ... Rees Kassen

    Synonymous mutations can have highly variable fitness effects stemming from changes in transcription, some of which contribute to adaptation.
40. 1. Ecology

    Genetic transformation of the dinoflagellate chloroplast

    Isabel C Nimmo, Adrian C Barbrook ... Christopher J Howe

    Successful stable transformation of the dinoflagellate chloroplast genome.
41. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Identification of TMEM206 proteins as pore of PAORAC/ASOR acid-sensitive chloride channels

    Florian Ullrich, Sandy Blin ... Thomas J Jentsch

    TMEM206 proteins are identified as constituting the pore of the widely expressed acid-activated chloride channel PAORAC/ASOR, which is important in acid toxicity.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    A circuit-dependent ROS feedback loop mediates glutamate excitotoxicity to sculpt the Drosophila motor system

    Jhan-Jie Peng, Shih-Han Lin ... Chi-Kuang Yao

    Glutamate excitotoxicity induces a circuit-dependent ROS feedback loop to alter motor system integrity.
43. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Dynamic change of electrostatic field in TMEM16F permeation pathway shifts its ion selectivity

    Wenlei Ye, Tina W Han ... Lily Yeh Jan

    TMEM16F shifts its ion selectivity in response to change of intracellular Ca²⁺, membrane potential and ionic strength.
44. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural insights into flagellar stator–rotor interactions

    Yunjie Chang, Ki Hwan Moon ... Jun Liu

    In situ structural analysis of bacterial flagellar motor in the Lyme disease spirochete reveals novel conformational change driven by proton motive force.
45. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Brain tumours repurpose endogenous neuron to microglia signalling mechanisms to promote their own proliferation

    Kelda Chia, Marcus Keatinge ... Dirk Sieger

    P2ry12-mediated microglial interactions stimulate the proliferation of brain tumour initiating cells.
46. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Sleep-promoting effects of threonine link amino acid metabolism in Drosophila neuron to GABAergic control of sleep drive

    Yoonhee Ki, Chunghun Lim

    Threonine promotes sleep via down-regulation of metabotropic GABA transmission in the ellipsoid body R2 neurons that generate homeostatic sleep drive in Drosophila.
47. 1. Neuroscience

    Distinct roles of striatal direct and indirect pathways in value-based decision making

    Shinae Kwak, Min Whan Jung

    The direct and indirect pathways of the dorsal striatum play indispensable roles in value-dependent action selection and value learning, respectively.
48. 1. Ecology

    Algal-fungal symbiosis leads to photosynthetic mycelium

    Zhi-Yan Du, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz ... Gregory M Bonito

    The capacity for symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae and early diverging lineages fungi was demonstrated with microscopy and stable isotope exchange of carbon and nitrogen.
49. 1. Neuroscience

    Vocal and locomotor coordination develops in association with the autonomic nervous system

    Morgan L Gustison, Jeremy I Borjon ... Asif A Ghazanfar

    Marmoset monkeys develop their vocal behavior prior to their postural and locomotor skills, but the coordination of these two motor systems emerges gradually via changes in arousal level.
50. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Electroporated recombinant proteins as tools for in vivo functional complementation, imaging and chemical biology

    Amal Alex, Valentina Piano ... Stefano Maffini

    An electroporation-based method allows the direct delivery of recombinant proteins into mammalian cells for in vivo functional studies.
51. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The microbiota protects from viral-induced neurologic damage through microglia-intrinsic TLR signaling

    D Garrett Brown, Raymond Soto ... June L Round

    Immune stimulation from the microbiota prevents neurological damage associated with viral infection of the central nervous system.
52. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Expression of WIPI2B counteracts age-related decline in autophagosome biogenesis in neurons

    Andrea KH Stavoe, Pallavi P Gopal ... Erika LF Holzbaur

    The dynamic phosphorylation of autophagy component WIPI2B is critical to maintain autophagosome biogenesis in neurons, and ectopic expression of WIPI2B can restore rates of autophagosome biogenesis in aged neurons.
53. 1. Cell Biology

    The transcription factor Hey and nuclear lamins specify and maintain cell identity

    Naama Flint Brodsly, Eliya Bitman-Lotan ... Amir Orian

    Hey together with LaminC continuously supervise nuclear organisation and differentiated enterocyte identity, a regulation that is lost upon ageing, resulting in loss of gut homeostasis.
54. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Swimming eukaryotic microorganisms exhibit a universal speed distribution

    Maciej Lisicki, Marcos F Velho Rodrigues ... Eric Lauga

    Analysis of published studies reveals that flagellates and ciliates separately exhibit log-normal distributions of swimming speeds, and rescaling by the mean speed of each collapses them to a universal relationship.
55. 1. Neuroscience

    Distinct subdivisions of human medial parietal cortex support recollection of people and places

    Edward H Silson, Adam Steel ... Chris I Baker

    Recalling either specific people or places from memory selectively recruits separate regions of human medial parietal cortex in a pattern reminiscent of how visual cortex represents these visual categories.
56. 1. Neuroscience

    More homogeneous capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlate with increased oxygen extraction

    Baoqiang Li, Tatiana V Esipova ... Sava Sakadžić

    Resting-state capillary blood flow and oxygenation are more homogeneous in the deeper cortical layers, underpinning an important mechanism by which the microvascular network adapts to an increased local oxidative metabolism.
57. 1. Developmental Biology

    Critical roles of ARHGAP36 as a signal transduction mediator of Shh pathway in lateral motor columnar specification

    Heejin Nam, Shin Jeon ... Seunghee Lee

    Shh, produced by postmitotic spinal neurons, plays crucial roles in the specification of the lateral motor column of the spinal cord through ARHGAP36.
58. 1. Cell Biology

    Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial pyruvate uptake rewires glucose metabolism to drive whole-body leanness

    Arpit Sharma, Lalita Oonthonpan ... Eric B Taylor

    Skeletal muscle mitochondrial pyruvate carrier disruption increases muscle fatty acid oxidation and systemic glucose turnover that drive whole-body leanness.
59. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The origins and relatedness structure of mixed infections vary with local prevalence of P. falciparum malaria

    Sha Joe Zhu, Jason A Hendry ... Gil McVean

    Variation in the rate of mixed infections by malaria parasites and the relatedness structure among infecting strains reveals diversity in local epidemiological processes.
60. 1. Neuroscience

    The perception and misperception of optical defocus, shading, and shape

    Scott WJ Mooney, Phillip J Marlow, Barton L Anderson

    The human visual system uses sharp edges to distinguish a smooth, shaded surface from a surface blurred by optical defocus.
61. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    N-chlorination mediates protective and immunomodulatory effects of oxidized human plasma proteins

    Agnes Ulfig, Anton V Schulz ... Lars I Leichert

    N-chlorination, a reversible, oxidative modification, turns plasma proteins into holdase-like chaperones, potent activators of immune cells and pro-survival factors for phagocytic immune cells.
62. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The CUL5 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates resistance to CDK9 and MCL1 inhibitors in lung cancer cells

    Shaheen Kabir, Justin Cidado ... Jacob E Corn

    Targeting the CRL5 ubiquitin ligase complex in combination with CDK9 or MCL1 inhibition could combat innate and acquired resistance of cancer cells to MCL1-targeting therapeutics.
63. 1. Neuroscience

    MagC, magnetic collection of ultrathin sections for volumetric correlative light and electron microscopy

    Thomas Templier

    The augmentation of resin-embedded sample blocks with magnetic resin allows remote actuation of ultrathin sections and deposition at high packing density onto silicon wafers for correlative light and electron microscopy.
64. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Developmental Biology

    Multi-enhancer transcriptional hubs confer phenotypic robustness

    Albert Tsai, Mariana RP Alves, Justin Crocker

    Multiple enhancers in physical proximity can reinforce shared transcriptional 'hubs' to preserve their transcriptional output, providing a buffer during environmental stresses and genetic perturbations to preserve phenotypic robustness.
65. 1. Cell Biology

    In vivo identification of GTPase interactors by mitochondrial relocalization and proximity biotinylation

    Alison K Gillingham, Jessie Bertram ... Sean Munro

    Relocation of Rab, Ras and Rho family GTPases to the surface of mitochondria enables efficient identification of their effectors, exchange factors and GAPs by proximity biotinylation.
66. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Neuroscience

    Acetylation of BMAL1 by TIP60 controls BRD4-P-TEFb recruitment to circadian promoters

    Nikolai Petkau, Harun Budak ... Gregor Eichele

    Acetylation of the circadian transcription factor BMAL1 by the acetyltransferase TIP60 is crucial for recruitment of the pause release factors to clock gene promoters and productive elongation of these genes.
67. 1. Neuroscience

    Neuronal integration in the adult mouse olfactory bulb is a non-selective addition process

    Jean-Claude Platel, Alexandra Angelova ... Harold Cremer

    Adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb is not a turnover system but represents a lifelong neuronal addition mechanism.
68. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A quantitative model of conserved macroscopic dynamics predicts future motor commands

    Connor Brennan, Alexander Proekt

    Calcium imaging is used to construct a model of Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system dynamics capable of predicting future behavioral switches on a trial by trial basis and across individual animals.
69. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Flavodiiron proteins 1–to-4 function in versatile combinations in O₂ photoreduction in cyanobacteria

    Anita Santana-Sanchez, Daniel Solymosi ... Yagut Allahverdiyeva

    In vivo evidence is provided indicating that Flv2/Flv4, together with Flv1/Flv3, mediate O₂ photoreduction downstream of PSI in a highly coordinated manner.
70. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Conformational change within the extracellular domain of B cell receptor in B cell activation upon antigen binding

    Zhixun Shen, Sichen Liu ... Wanli Liu

    Conformational changes occur within extracellular domain of BCR upon antigen engagement, and these conformational changes are related with the strength of BCR activation and are distinct in IgM- and IgG-BCR.
71. 1. Neuroscience

    Task-induced functional brain connectivity mediates the relationship between striatal D2/3 receptors and working memory

    Matthew M Nour, Tarik Dahoun ... Oliver D Howes

    Striatal dopamine 2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability is related to working memory-induced functional connectivity changes in the default mode network, and this mediates the relationship between D2/3Rs and task performance.
72. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Self-capping of nucleoprotein filaments protects the Newcastle disease virus genome

    Xiyong Song, Hong Shan ... Zhi-Jie Liu

    Structural and functional studies reveal how Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protects its viral genome through a self-capping mechanism, which is important for new antiviral drug design.
73. 1. Cell Biology

    The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel is required for bone formation

    Weijia Sun, Shaopeng Chi ... Yingxian Li

    Piezo1 functions as a key mechanotransducer for conferring mechanosensitivity to osteoblasts and determining mechanical-load-dependent bone formation, and represents a novel therapeutic target for treating osteoporosis or unloading-induced severe bone loss.
74. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Translational regulation of protrusion-localized RNAs involves silencing and clustering after transport

    Konstadinos Moissoglu, Kyota Yasuda ... Stavroula Mili

    RNAs enriched at cell protrusions are translated regardless of their location in the cytoplasm but are dynamically repressed in retracting protrusions and incorporated into heterogeneous RNA clusters.
75. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Defective AMH signaling disrupts GnRH neuron development and function and contributes to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

    Samuel Andrew Malone, Georgios E Papadakis ... Paolo Giacobini

    Mouse in vivo and in vitro analysis and human genetic screening highlight the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling in GnRH neuronal development and function, and identify mutations in AMH and AMHR2 in CHH patients.
76. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    HDX-MS reveals nucleotide-dependent, anti-correlated opening and closure of SecA and SecY channels of the bacterial translocon

    Zainab Ahdash, Euan Pyle ... Argyris Politis

    Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry reveals nucleotide-driven conformational regulation of Sec protein-channel to help impose directionality for protein transport through the Sec complex.
77. 1. Neuroscience

    Monkey EEG links neuronal color and motion information across species and scales

    Florian Sandhaeger, Constantin von Nicolai ... Markus Siegel

    Using Monkey EEG as a bridge technology, color and motion representations in human MEG are linked to microcircuit activity in ventral stream areas.
78. 1. Ecology

    Comment on 'Naked mole-rat mortality rates defy Gompertzian laws by not increasing with age'

    Philip Dammann, André Scherag ... Matthias Platzer

    We are writing to comment on the article by Ruby et al., 2018 about aging in naked mole-rats.
79. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Genetic interactions of G-quadruplexes in humans

    Katherine G Zyner, Darcie S Mulhearn ... Shankar Balasubramanian

    For the first time, the spectrum of genes and pathways interacting with alternative DNA structures called G-quadruplexes in humans is revealed highlighting new possibilities for the pursuit of cancer therapies.
80. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Autophagy regulates inflammatory programmed cell death via turnover of RHIM-domain proteins

    Junghyun Lim, Hyunjoo Park ... Aditya Murthy

    Autophagy is critical for the turnover of inflammatory signaling complexes containing RHIM-domain proteins.
81. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Neuroscience

    Transgenerational inheritance of ethanol preference is caused by maternal NPF repression

    Julianna Bozler, Balint Z Kacsoh, Giovanni Bosco

    Maternally experienced environmental stress leads to multigenerational inheritance of ethanol preference and an altered rewards pathway in Drosophila melanogaster.
82. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    KHNYN is essential for the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) to restrict HIV-1 containing clustered CpG dinucleotides

    Mattia Ficarelli, Harry Wilson ... Chad M Swanson

    KHNYN, a putative endoribonuclease, interacts with the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and is required for the inhibition of HIV replication and RNA abundance by CpG dinucleotides.
83. 1. Ecology

    Response to comment on 'Naked mole-rat mortality rates defy Gompertzian laws by not increasing with age'

    J Graham Ruby, Megan Smith, Rochelle Buffenstein

    We are writing to respond to the comment by Dammann et al., 2019 on our article about aging in naked mole-rats (Ruby et al., 2018).
84. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Large protein organelles form a new iron sequestration system with high storage capacity

    Tobias W Giessen, Benjamin J Orlando ... Pamela A Silver

    An alternative iron storage system based on a 9.6 megadalton microbial protein compartment is able to sequester and store large amounts of iron.
85. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Identification of RBPMS as a mammalian smooth muscle master splicing regulator via proximity of its gene with super-enhancers

    Erick E Nakagaki-Silva, Clare Gooding ... Christopher WJ Smith

    By focusing on RNA-binding proteins whose genes have super enhancers in smooth muscle cells, the protein RBPMS was identified as an alternative splicing master regulator.
86. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    An explanation for origin unwinding in eukaryotes

    Lance D Langston, Michael E O'Donnell

    CMG helicase translocates with force while encircling duplex DNA, enabling two opposing CMG complexes at an origin to melt the duplex and switch to encircling separate single strands.
87. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Insulin-like peptides and the mTOR-TFEB pathway protect Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites from mating-induced death

    Cheng Shi, Lauren N Booth, Coleen T Murphy

    Hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis elegans slow the onset of mating-induced death through self-sperm-regulated insulin-like gene expression, which regulates the activity of the IIS/FOXO pathway, mTOR signaling, and the TFEB/HLH-30 transcription factor.
88. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Unique-region phosphorylation targets LynA for rapid degradation, tuning its expression and signaling in myeloid cells

    Ben F Brian IV, Adrienne S Jolicoeur ... Tanya S Freedman

    The ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl preferentially targets unique-region phosphorylated LynA for rapid degradation, regulating its expression and differentially tuning signaling responsiveness in macrophages and mast cells.
89. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Quantitative mapping of protein-peptide affinity landscapes using spectrally encoded beads

    Huy Quoc Nguyen, Jagoree Roy ... Polly Morrell Fordyce

    A novel high-throughput method for measuring many weak protein-peptide affinities simultaneously reveals how calcineurin, a human phosphatase essential for the immune response, recognizes its peptide substrates.
90. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The molecular architecture of engulfment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation

    Kanika Khanna, Javier Lopez-Garrido ... Elizabeth Villa

    In situ cryo-electron tomography unveils the molecular sociology of a developing sporangium in Bacillus subtilis, revealing critical information about cell wall remodeling and membrane migration in bacteria.
91. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Self-sperm induce resistance to the detrimental effects of sexual encounters with males in hermaphroditic nematodes

    Lauren N Booth, Travis J Maures ... Anne Brunet

    Nematode hermaphroditism has co-evolved with a self-sperm sensing mechanism that protects hermaphrodites from the detrimental effects of mating with males.
92. 1. Neuroscience

    Network-wide abnormalities explain memory variability in hippocampal amnesia

    Georgios PD Argyropoulos, Clare Loane ... Christopher R Butler

    Hippocampal damage is associated with changes across the extended hippocampal system, and these may explain variability in memory between patients presenting with hippocampal amnesia.
93. 1. Neuroscience

    Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons are impaired in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome

    Kevin M Goff, Ethan M Goldberg

    Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing GABAergic interneurons in cerebral cortex express the sodium channel subunit Nav1.1, and a defined subset of VIP interneurons are dysfunctional in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.
94. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Identifying gene expression programs of cell-type identity and cellular activity with single-cell RNA-Seq

    Dylan Kotliar, Adrian Veres ... Pardis C Sabeti

    A novel algorithm, consensus non-negative matrix factorization (cNMF), accurately identifies gene expression programs underlying cell-type identity and cellular activities from single-cell RNA-Seq data.
95. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Taar1 gene variants have a causal role in methamphetamine intake and response and interact with Oprm1

    Alexandra M Stafford, Cheryl Reed ... Tamara J Phillips

    The trace amine-associated receptor 1 gene has a causal role in methamphetamine intake and thermal response, and interacts with the mu-opioid receptor gene in its methamphetamine addiction-related effects.
96. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Trans-toxin ion-sensitivity of charybdotoxin-blocked potassium-channels reveals unbinding transitional states

    Hans Moldenhauer, Ignacio Díaz-Franulic ... David Naranjo

    Detection of unbinding transitional states in the charybdotoxin first-order dissociation from a Kv-channel reveals that the bound neurotoxin wobbles, suggesting diverse intermediates and dissociation pathways in this protein–protein interaction.
97. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Persistent inflammation during anti-tuberculosis treatment with diabetes comorbidity

    Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kiyoshi F Fukutani ... Hardy Kornfeld

    Systemic inflammation is greater in individuals with concurrent TB and diabetes than in euglycemic individuals with TB, and this disparity persists through the full 6-month course of anti-tubercular treatment.
98. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The autophagic membrane tether ATG2A transfers lipids between membranes

    Shintaro Maeda, Chinatsu Otomo, Takanori Otomo

    The autophagy protein ATG2A tethers membranes and transfers lipids between them, suggesting that autophagosome membranes grow upon the acquisition of lipids from the ER through the ATG2A bridge.
99. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Anterior CNS expansion driven by brain transcription factors

    Jesús Rodriguez Curt, Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani, Stefan Thor

    The expansion of the anterior Drosophila CNS is driven by increased progenitor generation and prolonged proliferation, mediated by brain-restricted genes and the PRC2.
100. 1. Neuroscience

     Agrin-Lrp4-Ror2 signaling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice

     Hongsheng Zhang, Anupama Sathyamurthy ... Lin Mei

     Enriched environment stimulates neuron generation in the hippocampus by a novel pathway involving Agrin, Lrp4, and Ror2.
101. 1. Neuroscience

     Inter-individual differences in human brain structure and morphology link to variation in demographics and behavior

     Alberto Llera, Thomas Wolfers ... Christian F Beckmann

     Multi-modal structural data fusion questions the specificity of fMRI-behavior associations by providing strong evidence relating human brain structure to a wide range of behavioral measures previously associated to functional connectivity.
102. 1. Neuroscience

     The hippocampus supports deliberation during value-based decisions

     Akram Bakkour, Daniela J Palombo ... Daphna Shohamy

     The deliberation involved in simple preference decisions, such as those between two familiar snacks, depends on the hippocampus.
103. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Ancient origins of arthropod moulting pathway components

     André Luiz de Oliveira, Andrew Calcino, Andreas Wanninger

     Evolutionary reconstruction of the ecdysis pathway shows that its major elements are present in the majority of metazoans, providing evidence that they originated much earlier than currently assumed.
104. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     A composition-dependent molecular clutch between T cell signaling condensates and actin

     Jonathon A Ditlev, Anthony R Vega ... Michael K Rosen

     Compositional changes alter actin binding by phase separated T cell signaling clusters, enabling cluster movement by distinct actin networks.
105. 1. Neuroscience

     Local synaptic inputs support opposing, network-specific odor representations in a widely projecting modulatory neuron

     Xiaonan Zhang, Kaylynn Coates ... Quentin Gaudry

     The activity of serotonergic neurons spanning multiple olfactory areas is regulated by both local synaptic interactions and dendrite wide computations.
106. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Proteome-wide signatures of function in highly diverged intrinsically disordered regions

     Taraneh Zarin, Bob Strome ... Alan M Moses

     Widespread, rapidly evolving disordered regions contain molecular features that are preserved over evolution and are associated with specific biological functions.
107. 1. Neuroscience

     Choice history biases subsequent evidence accumulation

     Anne E Urai, Jan Willem de Gee ... Tobias H Donner

     Choice history signals bias the interpretation of current sensory input, akin to shifting endogenous attention toward (or away from) the previously selected interpretation.
108. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Contractile acto-myosin network on nuclear envelope remnants positions human chromosomes for mitosis

     Alexander JR Booth, Zuojun Yue ... Tomoyuki U Tanaka

     Live-cell imaging shows that the contractile acto-myosin network on the nuclear envelope remnant positions chromosomes in early mitosis to ensure efficient and correct interactions between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle.
109. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     The Makorin lep-2 and the lncRNA lep-5 regulate lin-28 to schedule sexual maturation of the C. elegans nervous system

     Hannah Lawson, Edward Vuong ... Douglas S Portman

     Genes implicated in the control of mammalian puberty function as components of a molecular clock that determines the timing of sexual differentiation in the C. elegans nervous system.
110. 1. Neuroscience

     Predicting development of adolescent drinking behaviour from whole brain structure at 14 years of age

     Simone Kühn, Anna Mascharek ... IMAGEN Consortium

     Trajectories of adolescent drinking behavior between age 14 and 19 years can be predicted from bilateral striatal and cerebellar grey matter at 14 years of age.
111. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Cryo-EM of dynein microtubule-binding domains shows how an axonemal dynein distorts the microtubule

     Samuel E Lacey, Shaoda He ... Andrew P Carter

     Relion was used to solve structures of microtubules decorated with dynein microtubule-binding domains revealing that an axonemal dynein distorts the microtubule cross-sectional curvature.
112. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Functional cross-talk between allosteric effects of activating and inhibiting ligands underlies PKM2 regulation

     Jamie A Macpherson, Alina Theisen ... Dimitrios Anastasiou

     Specific residues within an enzyme integrate allosteric inputs that originate from distinct ligand-binding pockets.
113. 1. Ecology
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     Positive and negative incentive contrasts lead to relative value perception in ants

     Stephanie Wendt, Kim S Strunk ... Tomer J Czaczkes

     Relative value perception, a basic tenant of Behavioural Economics, is demonstrated in an insect, and further shown to be driven by cognitive processes and induced by private and social information.
114. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     A microfluidic device for inferring metabolic landscapes in yeast monolayer colonies

     Zoran S Marinkovic, Clément Vulin ... Pascal Hersen

     Metabolic gradients underlie gene expression patterns within spatially controlled expanding 2D microbial colonies.
115. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     PIE-scope, integrated cryo-correlative light and FIB/SEM microscopy

     Sergey Gorelick, Genevieve Buckley ... Alex de Marco

     The PIE-scope resolves the limitations in correlative cryo-focused ion beam milling by adding robustness and ease of use to the workflow.
116. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     A positive feedback loop between Myc and aerobic glycolysis sustains tumor growth in a Drosophila tumor model

     Kenneth Kin Lam Wong, Jenny Zhe Liao, Esther M Verheyen

     Specific molecular links that orchestrate growth signals and metabolic reprogramming to achieve tumorigenesis are identified as potential metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer treatment.
117. 1. Developmental Biology

     Antagonistic interaction between Ezh2 and Arid1a coordinates root patterning and development via Cdkn2a in mouse molars

     Junjun Jing, Jifan Feng ... Yang Chai

     Ezh2 and Arid1a oppose each other to control expression of Cdkn2a to coordinate tooth furcation development and ultimately determine the number of roots in mouse molars.
118. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     A tRNA modification balances carbon and nitrogen metabolism by regulating phosphate homeostasis

     Ritu Gupta, Adhish S Walvekar ... Sunil Laxman

     The role of an amino acid-dependent tRNA modification as a nutrient sensor and regulator of metabolic homeostasis has been discovered.
119. 1. Cell Biology

     Distinct inflammatory and wound healing responses to complex caudal fin injuries of larval zebrafish

     Veronika Miskolci, Jayne Squirrell ... Anna Huttenlocher

     Thermal injury and infected wounds induce distinct inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms that alter the dynamics of wound repair.
120. 1. Cell Biology

     The Caenorhabditis elegans Tubby homolog dynamically modulates olfactory cilia membrane morphogenesis and phospholipid composition

     Danielle DiTirro, Alison Philbrook ... Piali Sengupta

     A Tubby protein regulates ciliary membrane morphology and phosphoinositide composition in a context-dependent manner.