July 2023

Research articles

1. 1. Genetics and Genomics
   2. Computational and Systems Biology

   Risk factors affecting polygenic score performance across diverse cohorts

   Daniel Hui, Scott Dudek ... Marylyn D. Ritchie
2. 1. Neuroscience

   Generating variability from motor primitives during infant locomotor development

   Elodie Hinnekens, Marianne Barbu-Roth ... Caroline Teulier

   Human infants can use various muscle activations as soon as birth to produce rhythmic leg movements, but the strategy underlying this variable output seems to change between the first months of life and toddlerhood.
3. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes

   Natalia S Brunetti, Gustavo G Davanzo ... Alessandro S Farias

   The infection of T helper lymphocytes by SARS-CoV-2, mediated via the CD4 molecule, alters cellular function and enhances expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, potentially impairing immune response in individuals with COVID-19.
4. 1. Neuroscience

   Cestode larvae excite host neuronal circuits via glutamatergic signaling

   Anja de Lange, Hayley Tomes ... Joseph V Raimondo
5. 1. Cell Biology

   Mitochondrial defects caused by PARL deficiency lead to arrested spermatogenesis and ferroptosis

   Enrico Radaelli, Charles-Antoine Assenmacher ... Marco Spinazzi

   Mitochondrial functional and structural defects caused by PARL deficiency lead to arrested spermatogenesis and germ cell ferroptosis.
6. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

   Heterogeneous non-canonical nucleosomes predominate in yeast cells in situ

   Zhi Yang Tan, Shujun Cai ... Lu Gan

   Nucleosomes inside of baker’s yeast cells largely do not resemble those found in test tubes.
7. 1. Neuroscience

   Objective assessment of visual attention in toddlerhood

   E. Braithwaite, V. Kyriakopoulou ... E.J.H. Jones
8. 1. Cell Biology

   Gαq-PKD/PKCμ signal regulating the nuclear export of HDAC5 to induce the IκB expression and limit the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response essential for early pregnancy

   Yufei Jiang, Yan He ... Guixiu Shi

   Gαq stimulates HDAC5 phosphorylation by PKC-independent PKD/PKCμ activation to induce the IκB expression and limit the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response which essential for proper endometrial decidualization and early pregnancy.
9. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

   Eleven key measures for monitoring general practice clinical activity during COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study using 48 million adults’ primary care records in England through OpenSAFELY

   Louis Fisher, Helen J Curtis ... Ben Goldacre

   There was substantial change in primary care activity following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2019 as indicated by key measures reflective of clinical activity in general practice but service was largely restored by April 2021.
10. 1. Developmental Biology

    Comparative single-cell profiling reveals distinct cardiac resident macrophages essential for zebrafish heart regeneration

    Ke-Hsuan Wei, I-Ting Lin ... Shih-Lei (Ben) Lai

    An extensive characterization of inflammatory cell dynamics, function, and potential interaction during zebrafish cardiac repair identified specific resident macrophage subsets function in debris clearance, inflammatory resolution, and extracellular matrix remodeling, indispensable for successful heart regeneration.
11. 1. Neuroscience

    Monkeys exhibit human-like gaze biases in economic decisions

    Shira M Lupkin, Vincent B McGinty

    A novel animal model of economic decision-making captures complex patterns of choice behavior similar to those of humans, opening the way for mechanistic studies to probe the neural basis for this important form of executive function.
12. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Breaking enhancers to gain insights into developmental defects

    Daniel A Armendariz, Anjana Sundarrajan, Gary C Hon

    Continuing advances in functional genomics will enable systematic characterization of how non-coding genetic variation at enhancers impacts developmental diseases.
13. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A brain-wide analysis maps structural evolution to distinct anatomical module

    Robert A Kozol, Andrew J Conith ... Erik R Duboue

    Genetic analyses reveal that neuroanatomical areas that are developmentally related co-evolve with one another.
14. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Comparing the evolutionary dynamics of predominant SARS-CoV-2 virus lineages co-circulating in Mexico

    Hugo G Castelán-Sánchez, Luis Delaye ... Marina Escalera Zamudio

    An in-depth exploratory analysis of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico during the first year of the epidemic provides an overview of different virus dynamics between the developing and developed world (represented by the USA and Mexico).
15. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Optimized path planning surpasses human efficiency in cryo-EM imaging

    Yilai Li, Quanfu Fan ... Seychelle M. Vos
16. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    The Human Mitochondrial Genome Encodes for an Interferon-Responsive Host Defense Peptide

    MC Rice, JS Kim ... C Lee
17. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Human-specific lncRNAs contributed critically to human evolution by distinctly regulating gene expression

    Jie Lin, Yujian Wen ... Hao Zhu
18. 1. Neuroscience

    Rodent ultrasonic vocal interaction resolved with millimeter precision using hybrid beamforming

    Max L Sterling, Ruben Teunisse, Bernhard Englitz

    The accuracy of the Hybrid Vocalization Localizer (HyVL) brings a revolution to the study of social vocalizations of rodents and other animals, where vocalizations often occur in close proximity, and will empower downstream analysis of sequence and semantic analyses.
19. 1. Cell Biology

    Searching for molecular hypoxia sensors among oxygen-dependent enzymes

    Li Li, Susan Shen ... Steven J Altschuler

    A survey of oxygen-dependent enzymes suggests new candidates for oxygen sensors, expanding potential mechanisms underlying hypoxia-related adaptations or diseases in humans.
20. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Leveraging genetic diversity to identify small molecules that reverse mouse skeletal muscle insulin resistance

    Stewart WC Masson, Søren Madsen ... David E James

    A pharmacological approach for the validation of systems genetics data in the context of insulin resistance.
21. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Short-range interactions between fibrocytes and CD8⁺ T cells in COPD bronchial inflammatory response

    Edmée Eyraud, Elise Maurat ... Isabelle Dupin

    Intercellular interactions between fibrocytes and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes promote inflammation through a pathophysiological positive feedback loop in bronchi of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
22. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Continuous odor profile monitoring to study olfactory navigation in small animals

    Kevin S Chen, Rui Wu ... Andrew M Leifer

    To study odor-guided navigation of small animals such as worms and fly larvae, a novel flow chamber and odor sensor array are presented that better characterize the odors that the animal experiences.
23. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    ECS1 and ECS2 suppress polyspermy and the formation of haploid plants by promoting double fertilization

    Yanbo Mao, Thomas Nakel ... Rita Groß-Hardt

    The endopeptidases ECS1 and ECS2 regulate double fertilization and their modulation is a powerful tool for the induction of haploids and the formation of triparental plants, which are two agronomically relevant breeding targets.
24. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Medicine

    Melanocortin 1 receptor regulates cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the liver

    Keshav Thapa, James J Kadiri ... Petteri Rinne

    Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1-R) deficiency in hepatocytes increases cholesterol levels in the circulation and liver in mice, while selective activation of MC1-R reduces cellular cholesterol content in cultured hepatocytes.
25. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Lipid homeostasis is essential for a maximal ER stress response

    Gilberto Garcia, Hanlin Zhang ... Andrew Dillin

    A genetic screen identifies a lipid pathway which impacts the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and highlights a mechanism through which lipid disequilibrium might facilitate the progression of proteopathic diseases.
26. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Epigenetically distinct synaptic architecture in clonal compartments in the teleostean dorsal pallium

    Yasuko Isoe, Ryohei Nakamura ... Hiroyuki Takeda

    The dorsal telencephalon (pallium) in medaka fish accommodates an epigenetically distinct brain area that selectively regulates unique set of synaptic genes compared to the surrounding pallial region, providing insights into the evolution of the pallium in vertebrate.
27. 1. Cell Biology

    Two RNA-binding proteins mediate the sorting of miR223 from mitochondria into exosomes

    Liang Ma, Jasleen Singh, Randy Schekman

    Mitochondria serve as a reservoir for the sorting of an miRNA into P-bodies and from there into exosomes secreted from human cultured cells.
28. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Population dynamics of immunological synapse formation induced by bispecific T cell engagers predict clinical pharmacodynamics and treatment resistance

    Can Liu, Jiawei Zhou ... Yanguang Cao

    Modeling the dynamics of immunological synapses informs pharmacodynamics and treatment resistance to bispecific T cell engagers.
29. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Molecular basis of interactions between CaMKII and α-actinin-2 that underlie dendritic spine enlargement

    Ashton J Curtis, Jian Zhu ... Matthew G Gold

    CaMKII and the actin-crosslinking protein α-actinin-2 associate within minutes of the induction of long-term potentiation and disrupting this interaction prevents formation of enlarged dendritic spines.
30. 1. Neuroscience

    Discovery and characterization of a specific inhibitor of serine-threonine kinase cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) demonstrates role in hippocampal CA1 physiology

    Anna Castano, Margaux Silvestre ... Alison D Axtman

    Specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), a kinase linked to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, demonstrates an important role in the regulation of excitatory hippocampal synapses and synaptic plasticity that was not previously appreciated in rodent knock-out models.
31. 1. Cell Biology

    Cas phosphorylation regulates focal adhesion assembly

    Saurav Kumar, Amanda Stainer ... Jonathan A Cooper

    A novel two-step model for integrin activation primed by Cas during cell migration and spreading on multiple extracellular matrix ligands.
32. 1. Neuroscience

    Neuropeptide Y-expressing dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons gate spinal pain and itch signalling

    Kieran A Boyle, Erika Polgar ... Andrew J Todd

    Neuropeptide Y-expressing interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn have a broad inhibitory role, suppressing pruritogen-evoked itch and reducing behavioural signs of acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain.
33. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    The yeast RNA methylation complex consists of conserved yet reconfigured components with m6A-dependent and independent roles

    Imke Ensinck, Alexander Maman ... Folkert J van Werven

    The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase complex in budding yeast is highly conserved, yet reconfigured with respect to its mammalian counterpart and has both m6A-dependent and m6A-independent functions.
34. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Context-Aware Amino Acid Embedding Advances Analysis of TCR-Epitope Interactions

    Pengfei Zhang, Seojin Bang ... Heewook Lee
35. 1. Ecology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Multiplexed microfluidic screening of bacterial chemotaxis

    Michael R Stehnach, Richard J Henshaw ... Jeffrey S Guasto

    A multiplexed microfluidic device was developed to facilitate high-throughput screening of bacterial chemotaxis on a single chip and demonstrated across a range of microbes, chemostimulants, and chemical gradient conditions.
36. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Uncovering circuit mechanisms of current sinks and sources with biophysical simulations of primary visual cortex

    Atle E Rimehaug, Alexander J Stasik ... Anton Arkhipov

    A biophysically detailed model of mouse primary visual cortex reproduces, in a quantitative manner, experimentally recorded spikes and local field potentials, and suggests mechanisms that form current sinks and sources in vivo.
37. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Building resilient cervical cancer prevention through gender-neutral HPV vaccination

    Irene Man, Damien Georges ... Iacopo Baussano

    Shifting from girls-only to gender-neutral HPV vaccination strategy improves the resilience of cervical cancer prevention and enhances progress towards cervical cancer elimination.
38. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Multifunctional requirements for ERK1/2 signaling in the development of ganglionic eminence derived glia and cortical inhibitory neurons

    Sara J. Knowles, Michael C. Holter ... Jason M. Newbern
39. 1. Neuroscience

    Brain areas for reversible symbolic reference, a potential singularity of the human brain

    Timo van Kerkoerle, Louise Pape ... Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
40. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Fluid extraction from the left-right organizer uncovers mechanical properties needed for symmetry breaking

    Pedro Sampaio, Sara Pestana ... Susana Santos Lopes

    Zebrafish have a physiological time-window of 1 hr for breaking left-right symmetry and are highly sensitive to the left-right organizer anterior fluid mechanics rather than to the nature of its fluid content.
41. 1. Cell Biology

    The yeast endocytic early/sorting compartment exists as an independent sub-compartment within the trans-Golgi network

    Junko Y Toshima, Ayana Tsukahara ... Jiro Toshima

    The yeast syntaxin homolog Tlg2p-residing sub-compartment within the trans-Golgi network is the primary endocytic-accepting region that serves as an early/sorting compartment.
42. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A critical evaluation of protein kinase regulation by activation loop autophosphorylation

    Ronja Reinhardt, Thomas A Leonard

    Understanding protein kinase regulation by activation loop autophosphorylation depends on a critical assessment of experimental design, execution, and interpretation.
43. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Continuous muscle, glial, epithelial, neuronal, and hemocyte cell lines for Drosophila research

    Nikki Coleman-Gosser, Yanhui Hu ... Amanda Simcox

    Lineage-specific Drosophila cell lines provide in vitro models for cell, biochemical, and high-throughput analyses in defined cell types.
44. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    New hypotheses of cell type diversity and novelty from orthology-driven comparative single cell and nuclei transcriptomics in echinoderms

    Anne Meyer, Carolyn Ku ... Veronica Hinman

    Understanding novel cell types and their evolutionary history is re-evaluated using single nuclei transcriptomic approaches and their inferred underlying gene regulatory networks.
45. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Inhibition of DNMT1 methyltransferase activity via glucose-regulated O-GlcNAcylation alters the epigenome

    Heon Shin, Amy Leung ... Dustin E Schones

    Extracellular glucose promotes O-GlcNAcylation of DNMT1 and inhibition of DNMT1 function in the maintenance of genomic methylation.
46. 1. Physics of Living Systems
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Protein compactness and interaction valency define the architecture of a biomolecular condensate across scales

    Anton A Polyansky, Laura D Gallego ... Bojan Zagrovic

    A colloid fractal cluster model provides a quantitative link between the atomistic features of an intrinsically disordered polypeptide and the spatial organization of the biomolecular condensate it forms.
47. 1. Cell Biology

    Identification of candidate mitochondrial inheritance determinants using the mammalian cell-free system

    Dalen Zuidema, Alexis Jones ... Peter Sutovsky

    Proteomic analysis in a novel cell-free system for the study of mitophagy, identifies candidate proteins involved in the enforcement of clonal, maternal inheritance of mitochondria and mitochondrial genes in mammals.
48. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Rubella virus tropism and single-cell responses in human primary tissue and microglia-containing organoids

    Galina Popova, Hanna Retallack ... Tomasz Nowakowski

    Combination of primary brain culture and single-cell RNA sequencing in brain organoids identifies microglia as the main target of rubella virus infection.
49. 1. Plant Biology

    Competence for transcellular infection in the root cortex involves a post-replicative, cell-cycle exit decision in Medicago truncatula

    Morgane Batzenschlager, Beatrice Lace ... Thomas Ott
50. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) localizes to chromatin loop anchors and modulates expression of genes at TAD boundaries during early adipogenesis

    Sabriya A. Syed, Kristina Shqillo ... Anthony N. Imbalzano
51. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Integrating analog and digital modes of gene expression at Arabidopsis FLC

    Rea L Antoniou-Kourounioti, Anis Meschichi ... Martin Howard

    The regulation of gene expression can be either binary (on/off digital regulation) or graded (analog regulation) and these fundamentally different regulatory modes can be integrated to control the expression of the same gene.
52. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Sex-specific splicing occurs genome-wide during early Drosophila embryogenesis

    Mukulika Ray, Ashley Mae Conard ... Erica Larschan

    Combining computational and experimental approaches reveals that the loss of a maternal transcription factor influences sex-biased differential splicing in the early zygotic transcriptome at genes that are critical for normal developmental processes.
53. 1. Cell Biology

    Organization, functions, and mechanisms of the BBSome in development, ciliopathies, and beyond

    Xiaoyu Tian, Huijie Zhao, Jun Zhou

    Theoretical analysis of the current literature reveals the structural assembly, transport regulation, and molecular functions of the BBSome, emphasizing its roles in cilium-related processes.
54. 1. Neuroscience

    Hippocampal place cell remapping occurs with memory storage of aversive experiences

    Garrett J Blair, Changliang Guo ... Hugh T Blair

    Imaging of neurons within the hippocampus, a memory region of the brain, reveals how the brain updates memories during different learning conditions compared to when learning is blocked by amnestic drugs.
55. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Regulation of store-operated Ca²⁺ entry by IP₃ receptors independent of their ability to release Ca²⁺

    Pragnya Chakraborty, Bipan Kumar Deb ... Gaiti Hasan

    Binding of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to its intracellular receptor drives interaction between the intracellular Ca2+ sensor STIM and the plasma membrane localized Ca2+ channel Orai and raises the level of store-operated Ca2+ entry in mammalian cells.
56. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Transposons are important contributors to gene expression variability under selection in rice populations

    Raúl Castanera, Noemia Morales-Díaz ... Josep M Casacuberta

    Rice transposable element polymorphisms already present in the wild ancestors are associated with transcriptional variability and have been differentially selected in indica and japonica populations.
57. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Histone variants shape chromatin states in Arabidopsis

    Bhagyshree Jamge, Zdravko J Lorković ... Frédéric Berger

    In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana genome dynamic exchanges of histone variants control the organization of histone modifications into chromatin states, acting as molecular landmarks.
58. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    The Impact of Stability Considerations on Genetic Fine-Mapping

    Alan Aw, Lionel Chentian Jin ... Yun S. Song
59. 1. Neuroscience

    Cell type-specific contributions to a persistent aggressive internal state in female Drosophila

    Hui Chiu, Alice A. Robie ... Catherine E. Schretter
60. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Metabolic clogging of mannose triggers dNTP loss and genomic instability in human cancer cells

    Yoichiro Harada, Yu Mizote ... Naoyuki Taniguchi

    Proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal how mannose exerts its anticancer activity.
61. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Scorpionfish BPI is highly active against multiple drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from people with cystic fibrosis

    Jonas Maurice Holzinger, Martina Toelge ... Sigrid Bülow

    Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) from the scorpionfish Sebastes schlegelii escapes detection by BPI autoantibodies derived from people with cystic fibrosis and reveals excellent anti-inflammatory potency as well as profound antimicrobial activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multiple drug-resistant strains.
62. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Association of close-range contact patterns with SARS-CoV-2: a household transmission study

    Jackie Kleynhans, Lorenzo Dall'Amico ... SA-S-HTS Group

    While recognizing study design limitations, the lack of association between household close range proximity events and SARS-CoV-2 transmission, suggests that aerosol transmission may play a larger role than droplet transmission in the household.
63. 1. Neuroscience

    State-dependent coupling of hippocampal oscillations

    Brijesh Modi, Matteo Guardamagna ... Francesco P Battaglia

    A novel analytical framework for investigation of simultaneously occurring brain oscillations (from either single or multiple brain areas) and how it modulates the underlying neuronal population during sleep and wakefulness (or other behavioral tasks).
64. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

    Yoshinao Koike, Masahiko Takahata ... Shiro Ikegawa

    A GWAS meta-analysis for OPLL identified fourteen significant genomic loci and a subsequent Mendelian randomization study provided genetic evidence for a causal effect of obesity on the pathogenesis of OPLL, especially one of its subtypes, thoracic OPLL.
65. 1. Neuroscience

    FUS regulates RAN translation through modulating the G-quadruplex structure of GGGGCC repeat RNA in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD

    Yuzo Fujino, Morio Ueyama ... Yoshitaka Nagai

    Alteration of the G-quadruplex structure formed by GGGGCC repeat RNA through the direct interaction with RNA-binding proteins can suppress pathogenic repeat-associated non-AUG translation, leading to therapeutic effects on neurodegeneration in C9orf72-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
66. 1. Neuroscience

    Disentangled multi-subject and social behavioral representations through a constrained subspace variational autoencoder (CS-VAE)

    Daiyao Yi, Simon Musall ... Shreya Saxena
67. 1. Developmental Biology

    The Drosophila Nab2 RNA binding protein inhibits m⁶A methylation and male-specific splicing of Sex lethal transcript in female neuronal tissue

    Binta Jalloh, Carly L Lancaster ... Ken Moberg

    The disease-associated RNA binding protein Nab2 is required to inhibit m⁶A RNA methylation in female Drosophila neuronal tissue and controls key splicing events such as sex-specific splicing of the Sex-lethal RNA.
68. 1. Neuroscience

    Non-shared coding of observed and executed actions prevails in macaque ventral premotor mirror neurons

    Jörn K Pomper, Mohammad Shams ... Peter Thier

    Ventral premotor mirror neurons discriminate observed actions well but predominantly differently from self-performed actions, requiring reconsideration of concepts addressing their function.
69. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    p38γ and p38δ modulate innate immune response by regulating MEF2D activation

    Alejandra Escós, Ester Diaz-Mora ... Ana Cuenda

    Generation and validation of a new mouse strain as a tool to demonstrate the implication of p38γ/p38δ in inflammation through the regulation of the transcription factor MEF2D’s activity.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    Medullary tachykinin precursor 1 neurons promote rhythmic breathing

    Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Andreea Furdui ... Gaspard Montandon

    A group of neurons in the medulla expressing the tachykinin precursor 1 promote rhythmic breathing, but also elicit substantial motor behaviors, suggesting a dual role for these neurons in the medulla.
71. 1. Developmental Biology

    Embryo-derive TNF promotes decidualization via fibroblast activation

    Si-Ting Chen, Wen-Wen Shi ... Zeng-Ming Yang

    Embryo-derived TNF promotes CPLA_2α phosphorylation and arachidonic acid release from luminal epithelium to induce fibroblast activation and decidualization.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    Multi-study fMRI outlooks on subcortical BOLD responses in the stop-signal paradigm

    S.J.S. Isherwood, S.A. Kemp ... B.U. Forstmann
73. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural insights into regulation of CNNM-TRPM7 divalent cation uptake by the small GTPase ARL15

    Luba Mahbub, Guennadi Kozlov ... Kalle Gehring

    ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15, an atypical small GTPase, binds to cystathionine-β-synthase-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediator (CNNM) membrane proteins to inhibit divalent cation efflux by CNNM proteins and influx by transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7.
74. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Photoreceptor disc incisures form as an adaptive mechanism ensuring the completion of disc enclosure

    Tylor R Lewis, Sebastien Phan ... Vadim Y Arshavsky

    Maturation of light-sensitive 'disc' membranes in vertebrate photoreceptors requires a precise balance between their content of the visual pigment rhodopsin forming the disc body and tetraspanin proteins forming the disc rim.
75. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Widespread mermithid nematode parasitism of Cretaceous insects

    Cihang Luo, George O Poinar ... Bo Wang

    Sixteen new mermithid nematodes associated with their insect hosts are discovered from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber and they are more abundant in non-holometabolous insect hosts, revealing what appears to be a vanished history of nematodes parasitism.
76. 1. Plant Biology

    The AUX1-AFB1-CNGC14 module establishes a longitudinal root surface pH profile

    Nelson BC Serre, Daša Wernerová ... Matyáš Fendrych

    Plant roots can rapidly change the acidity of their cell walls and the root-soil interface to efficiently navigate in the soil environment.
77. 1. Neuroscience

    Gaze patterns and brain activations in humans and marmosets in the Frith-Happé theory-of-mind animation task

    Audrey Dureux, Alessandro Zanini ... Stefan Everling

    Shared traits in gaze patterns and brain activations between marmosets and humans during Theory of Mind animations reveal cross-species cognitive similarities.
78. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Succinate mediates inflammation-induced adrenocortical dysfunction

    Ivona Mateska, Anke Witt ... Vasileia Ismini Alexaki

    Inflammation reprograms the citrate cycle in adrenocortical cells leading to altered steroidogenesis.
79. 1. Developmental Biology

    Forkhead transcription factor FKH-8 cooperates with RFX in the direct regulation of sensory cilia in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Rebeca Brocal-Ruiz, Ainara Esteve-Serrano ... Nuria Flames

    In sensory ciliated neurons, FoxN4 Forkhead (FKH) transcription factors directly coregulate transcription of ciliome genes together with RFX transcription factors, a similar regulatory logic to what is found for motile-cilium cell types, suggesting an ancestral origin for this partnership.
80. 1. Cell Biology

    Opto-RhoGEFs, an optimized optogenetic toolbox to reversibly control Rho GTPase activity on a global to subcellular scale, enabling precise control over vascular endothelial barrier strength

    Eike K Mahlandt, Sebastián Palacios Martínez ... Joachim Goedhart

    Optogenetic activation of Rho GTPases provides spatiotemporal control over endothelial cell shape and enables control over endothelial barrier function by manipulating the cell-cell overlap with blue light.
81. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Longitudinal map of transcriptome changes in the Lyme pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi during tick-borne transmission

    Anne L Sapiro, Beth M Hayes ... Seemay Chou

    Development of an enrichment method to facilitate RNA-sequencing of the Lyme disease pathogen from inside of ticks during a bloodmeal provides new candidates for genes important for disease transmission.
82. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Inhibitory IL-10-producing CD4⁺ T cells are T-bet-dependent and facilitate cytomegalovirus persistence via coexpression of arginase-1

    Mathew Clement, Kristin Ladell ... Ian R Humphreys

    The results presented here indicate that IL-10-producing CD4⁺ T cells express genes associated with chronically activated T_H1-like cells, undergo clonal expansion, and inhibit antiviral T cell responses via the secretion of arginase-1, facilitating viral persistence in mice infected with MCMV.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    Cerebral chemoarchitecture shares organizational traits with brain structure and function

    Benjamin Hänisch, Justine Y Hansen ... Sofie Louise Valk

    Dimensionality reduction techniques reveal how the organization of neurotransmitter receptor and transporter co-expression in the human brain may bridge the gap between brain structure and function.
84. 1. Neuroscience

    Importance of glutamine in synaptic vesicles revealed by functional studies of SLC6A17 and its mutations pathogenic for intellectual disability

    Xiaobo Jia, Jiemin Zhu ... Yi Rao

    Physiological studies of SLC6A17 and its pathogenic mutations revealed that glutamine is transported into synaptic vesicles (SVs) in an SLC6A17-dependent manner and all pathogenic conditions reduced glutamine level in SVs.
85. 1. Neuroscience

    Trends in Self-citation Rates in High-impact Neurology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry Journals

    Matthew Rosenblatt, Saloni Mehta ... Dustin Scheinost
86. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Analysis of RNA processing directly from spatial transcriptomics data reveals previously unknown regulation

    Julia Olivieri, Julia Salzman
87. 1. Neuroscience

    Automated cell annotation in multi-cell images using an improved CRF_ID algorithm

    Hyun Jee Lee, Jingting Liang ... Hang Lu
88. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Burials and engravings in a small-brained hominin, Homo naledi, from the late Pleistocene: contexts and evolutionary implications

    Agustin Fuentes, Marc Kissel ... Lee R. Berger
89. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    241,000 to 335,000 Years Old Rock Engravings Made by Homo naledi in the Rising Star Cave system, South Africa

    Lee R. Berger, John Hawks ... Keneiloe Molopyane
90. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Evidence for deliberate burial of the dead by Homo naledi

    Lee R Berger, Tebogo Makhubela ... John Hawks
91. 1. Neuroscience

    Neuronal glutamate transporters control reciprocal inhibition and gain modulation in D1 medium spiny neurons

    Maurice A Petroccione, Lianna Y D'Brant ... Annalisa Scimemi

    The neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 limits excitation and lateral inhibition between D1-MSNs, which are important for the execution of slow-switching flexible behaviors.
92. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Regulation of chromatin microphase separation by binding of protein complexes

    Omar Adame-Arana, Gaurav Bajpai ... Samuel Safran

    Chromatin-binding proteins regulate the effective solvent quality experienced by chromatin and impact global chromatin organization in the nucleus.
93. 1. Neuroscience

    Rate-distortion theory of neural coding and its implications for working memory

    Anthony MV Jakob, Samuel J Gershman

    The abstract framework of rate-distortion theory can be realized by a neural population coding model to reproduce key and previously unexplained regularities of human visual working memory.
94. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Conformational regulation and target-myristoyl switch of calcineurin B homologous protein 3

    Florian Becker, Simon Fuchs ... Carola Hunte

    The target-myristoyl switch induced by protein-protein interaction is a novel regulatory mechanism for myristoylated EF-hand calcium-binding proteins, in which target binding facilitates exposure of the myristoyl anchor and the association to the lipid membrane in a calcium-independent manner.
95. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Structure of the HIV immature lattice allows for essential lattice remodeling within budded virions

    Sikao Guo, Ipsita Saha ... Margaret E Johnson

    Proteins locked into the immature HIV lattice can exploit its incomplete structure to form the essential protease dimer needed for viral maturation.
96. 1. Neuroscience

    Dopamine signaling regulates predator-driven changes in Caenorhabditis elegans’ egg laying behavior

    Amy Pribadi, Michael A Rieger ... Sreekanth H Chalasani

    Caenorhabditis elegans responds to predator threat by using dopamine signaling to alter the distribution of their eggs.
97. 1. Neuroscience

    Sharing neurophysiology data from the Allen Brain Observatory

    Saskia EJ de Vries, Joshua H Siegle, Christof Koch

    A growing community demand for open neurophysiology data calls for new standards and tools to help scientists share data from their experiments, find relevant datasets that others have collected, and track data reuse across the literature.
98. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Neuroscience

    SNORD90 induces glutamatergic signaling following treatment with monoaminergic antidepressants

    Rixing Lin, Aron Kos ... Gustavo Turecki

    A small non-coding RNA, SNORD90, links monoaminergic directed antidepressant treatment with glutamatergic activation.
99. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Dynamic regulation of inter-organelle communication by ubiquitylation controls skeletal muscle development and disease onset

    Arian Mansur, Remi Joseph ... Vandana A Gupta

    Novel disease pathways underlie disease pathogenesis in Kelch-related nemaline myopathy through proteomic remodeling.
100. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     How enhancers regulate wavelike gene expression patterns

     Christine Mau, Heike Rudolf ... Ezzat El-Sherif

     An experimental and computational system has been developed to investigate how wavelike gene expression patterns are generated during embryonic development.
101. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     A novel single alpha-helix DNA-binding domain in CAF-1 promotes gene silencing and DNA damage survival through tetrasome-length DNA selectivity and spacer function

     Ruben Rosas, Rhiannon R Aguilar ... Mair EA Churchill

     The lysine/glutamic acid/arginine region in chromatin assembly factor (CAF-1) forms a long single alpha-helix DNA-binding domain, facilitating the recognition of tetrasome-length DNA and linking functional domains within the CAF-1 architecture for efficient tetrasome assembly after DNA synthesis.
102. 1. Neuroscience

     Huntingtin recruits KIF1A to transport synaptic vesicle precursors along the mouse axon to support synaptic transmission and motor skill learning

     Hélène Vitet, Julie Bruyère ... Frédéric Saudou

     Studies in mice and neurons reveal how modulation of the axonal transport of synaptic vesicles via huntingtin phosphorylation influences the number of vesicles accumulating at the synapse, subsequent glutamate release, and behavior in mice.
103. 1. Ecology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Decoding the genetic and chemical basis of sexual attractiveness in parasitic wasps

     Weizhao Sun, Michelle Ina Lange ... Jan Buellesbach

     How biologically relevant chemical information can be genetically maintained and conveyed in complex sex pheromonal profiles.
104. 1. Ecology

     Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communities

     Masayuki Ushio, Testuya Sado ... Masaki Miya

     Fish environmental DNA remaining in a cup of seawater provides information about interaction strengths among marine fish species in nature, highlighting the potential impact of global climate change on community dynamics and stability.
105. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     MYC overrides HIF-1α to regulate proliferating primary cell metabolism in hypoxia

     Courtney A Copeland, Benjamin A Olenchock ... William M Oldham

     Hypoxia does not increase glycolysis in proliferating primary cells and antagonizes the increase in glycolysis caused by activation of hypoxia-inducible factor in normoxia, in part, through activation of MYC signaling pathways.
106. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

     The functional form of value normalization in human reinforcement learning

     Sophie Bavard, Stefano Palminteri

     Challenging a popular theory in neuroeconomics, a computational cognitive study provides evidence against divisive normalization, a supposedly canonical neural computation, in favor of an alternative account, range normalization, in the context of value learning.
107. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Phosphorylation of tyrosine 90 in SH3 domain is a new regulatory switch controlling Src kinase

     Lenka Koudelková, Markéta Pelantová ... Daniel Rösel

     The functional role of novel regulatory mechanism within prototypic oncogenic kinase c-Src is described with particular emphasis on cancer cell migration, invasiveness, oncogenic transformation, and multilevel regulation of Src itself.
108. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     From actin waves to mechanism and back: How theory aids biological understanding

     Carsten Beta, Leah Edelstein-Keshet ... Arik Yochelis

     Mathematical methods reveal common underlying principles in diverse models of intracellular actin waves.
109. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     A critical role for heme synthesis and succinate in the regulation of pluripotent states transitions

     Damien Detraux, Marino Caruso ... Patricia Renard

     Accumulation of succinate during the in vitro modeling of embryonic stem cell state transition critically regulate cell fate.
110. 1. Cell Biology

     Metformin regulates bone marrow stromal cells to accelerate bone healing in diabetic mice

     Yuqi Guo, Jianlu Wei ... Wenbo Yan

     Metformin selectively improves bone healing of three types of bone injuries in hyperglycemic but not in normoglycemic mice.
111. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     The Opto-inflammasome in zebrafish as a tool to study cell and tissue responses to speck formation and cell death

     Eva Hasel de Carvalho, Shivani S Dharmadhikari ... Maria Leptin

     Manipulating cell death in situ with the temporal and spatial precision of optogenetic tools opens up new avenues for studying inflammation, death and related phenomena, revealing, for example, that epithelial cell death cannot be classified into strictly distinct categories.
112. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     A human-specific motif facilitates CARD8 inflammasome activation after HIV-1 infection

     Jessie Kulsuptrakul, Elizabeth A Turcotte ... Patrick S Mitchell

     HIV-1 infection activates the human CARD8 inflammasome via innate immune recognition of HIV-1 viral protease activity.
113. 1. Neuroscience

     Recapitulation of pathophysiological features of AD in SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects

     Elizabeth Griggs, Kyle Trageser ... Giulio Maria Pasinetti

     New evidence of brain proinflammatory cascades supports post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ultimately promoting the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease as a function of age.
114. 1. Cell Biology

     Vitamin B2 enables regulation of fasting glucose availability

     Peter M Masschelin, Pradip Saha ... Sean M Hartig

     The dietary vitamin riboflavin provides the chemical backbone to generate essential substrates that support liver glucose metabolism during low-nutrient conditions.
115. 1. Neuroscience

     A tradeoff between acoustic and linguistic feature encoding in spoken language comprehension

     Filiz Tezcan, Hugo Weissbart, Andrea E Martin

     Linguistic features are encoded more strongly during language comprehension than when comprehension is absent, and high word entropy (less constraining context) enhances the encoding of lower-level acoustic and linguistic features while low word entropy suppresses it.
116. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Determining growth rates from bright-field images of budding cells through identifying overlaps

     Julian MJ Pietsch, Alán F Muñoz ... Peter S Swain

     The BABY algorithm by estimating growth rates of individual cells from time-lapse microscopy images will help characterise the diversity in populations of budding cells, particularly differences in fitness.
117. 1. Neuroscience

     Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training

     Sofie Louise Valk, Philipp Kanske ... Tania Singer

     Training attention-mindfulness, emotion-motivational, and social cognitive skills over the course of 3 months alters brain functional and microstructural organization as a function of training content.
118. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Allosteric activation or inhibition of PI3Kγ mediated through conformational changes in the p110γ helical domain

     Noah J Harris, Meredith L Jenkins ... John E Burke

     Regulation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3Kγ) is essential in immune function, and stimuli that modulate the dynamics of the PI3Kγ helical domain can activate or inhibit kinase activity.
119. 1. Neuroscience

     Connectomics of the Octopus vulgaris vertical lobe provides insight into conserved and novel principles of a memory acquisition network

     Flavie Bidel, Yaron Meirovitch ... Binyamin Hochner

     Connectomics of the octopus 'fan-out fan-in’ learning network reveals that the intermediate layer uses approximately 22×10⁶ excitatory interneurons, each can store a single sensory input, while approximately 400×10³ integrating inhibitory interneurons adjust the network output level.
120. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     The evolutionary mechanism of non-carbapenemase carbapenem-resistant phenotypes in Klebsiella spp

     Natalia C Rosas, Jonathan Wilksch ... Trevor Lithgow

     Genetic, phenotypic, and evolutionary analysis of a clinical isolate provides an explanation of the intricate genetic factors behind non-carbapenemase carbapenem resistance and sheds light on the evolutionary mechanisms that influence the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance.
121. 1. Neuroscience

     Conditional deletion of neurexins dysregulates neurotransmission from dopamine neurons

     Charles Ducrot, Gregory de Carvalho ... Louis-Eric Trudeau

     A combination of electrophysiological, electrochemical, and anatomical experiments sheds new light on how the complex neurotransmitter repertoire of dopaminergic neurons in the brain is regulated by proteins of the neurexin family.
122. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     A simple mechanism for integration of quorum sensing and cAMP signalling in Vibrio cholerae

     Lucas M Walker, James RJ Haycocks ... David C Grainger

     Overlapping DNA-binding specificity allows global transcription factors to cooperatively bind the same DNA sites and integrate two signals in the control of gene expression.
123. 1. Neuroscience

     Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference

     Isabel IC Low, Lisa M Giocomo, Alex H Williams

     Recurrent neural networks trained to navigate and infer latent states exhibit strikingly similar remapping patterns to those observed in navigational brain areas, inspiring new analyses of published data and suggesting a possible function for spontaneous remapping to support context-dependent navigation.
124. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     De novo identification of universal cell mechanics gene signatures

     Marta Urbanska, Yan Ge ... Jochen Guck
125. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     A statistical framework for quantifying the nuclear export rate of influenza viral mRNAs

     Michi Miura, Naho Kiuchi ... Mineki Saito
126. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     Dietary Restriction Impacts Peripheral Circadian Clock Output Important for Longevity in Drosophila

     Dae-Sung Hwangbo, Yong-Jae Kwon ... Ravi Allada
127. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Determinants of sugar-induced influx in the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5

     Sarah E McComas, Tom Reichenbach ... David Drew

     Computational approach shows that the occluded state in GLUT transporters is equivalent to the transition state of soluble enzymes and this has the highest affinity for the substrate sugar.
128. 1. Medicine
     2. Neuroscience

     Presenting a sham treatment as personalised increases the placebo effect in a randomised controlled trial

     Dasha A Sandra, Jay A Olson ... Mathieu Roy

     A laboratory experiment provides the first evidence that framing a sham treatment as personalised to one's genetics and physiology increases its placebo effect on pain.
129. 1. Neuroscience

     Cholinergic modulation shifts the response of CA1 pyramidal cells to depolarizing ramps via TRPM4 channels with potential implications for place field firing

     Crescent L Combe, Carol M Upchurch ... Sonia Gasparini

     A nonspecific cation current mediated by TRPM4 channels is a major contributor to the increase in excitability induced by cholinergic modulation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which are thought to play an important role in episodic memory.
130. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Reconstructing the transport cycle in the sugar porter superfamily using coevolution-powered machine learning

     Darko Mitrovic, Sarah E McComas ... Lucie Delemotte

     Using state-specific contacts inferred from coevolving residue pairs enables us to build models of the various conformational states along the sugar porter functional cycle and reconstruct the free-energy landscape of the process.
131. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     Mitochondrial MICOS complex genes, implicated in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, maintain cardiac contractility and actomyosin integrity

     Katja Birker, Shuchao Ge ... Rolf Bodmer

     Genes of the MICOS complex are a major candidate pathway to be potentially linked to defects in cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation in Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), and relevant for elucidating the polygenic nature of HLHS and other CHDs.
132. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Reciprocal discoidin domain receptor signaling strengthens integrin adhesion to connect adjacent tissues

     Kieop Park, Ranjay Jayadev ... David R Sherwood

     Type IV collagen plays a dual role in both structurally fastening tissues and signaling through the discoidin domain receptor 2 to synchronize an integrin adhesion that stabilizes tissue linkage.
133. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Free energy landscapes of KcsA inactivation

     Sergio Pérez-Conesa, Lucie Delemotte
134. 1. Neuroscience

     Theta-phase-specific modulation of dentate gyrus memory neurons

     Bahar Rahsepar, Jacob F Norman ... John A White

     Consistent with an existing computational model of hippocampal function, using real-time feedback to drive artificial memories at the trough of the hippocampal theta rhythm improves apparent recall.
135. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     A framework for community curation of interspecies interactions literature

     Alayne Cuzick, James Seager ... Kim E Hammond-Kosack

     A framework has been devised that enables global participation in the curation of publications on any topic involving two or more living organisms, ranging from microscopic to larger sizes, in their natural or artificial environments or ecosystems.
136. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Cell detoxification of secondary metabolites by P4-ATPase-mediated vesicle transport

     Yujie Li, Hui Ren ... Yan Pei

     P4-ATPase BbCrpa detoxifies secondary metabolites via a unique vesicle-mediated transport pathway that targets the compounds into vacuoles.
137. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     The role of B cells in immune cell activation in polycystic ovary syndrome

     Angelo Ascani, Sara Torstensson ... Elisabet Stener-Victorin

     Androgen receptor activation modifies B cell frequencies and functionality, accompanied by weight gain in female mice exposed to human PCOS IgG, highlighting the unrecognized involvement of B cells in PCOS autoimmune comorbidities despite their absence not preventing PCOS phenotype development.
138. 1. Neuroscience

     Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation

     Paul Shin, Qi Pian ... Sava Sakadžić

     Cerebral subcortical microcirculation is more vulnerable to aging-induced changes and more responsive to exercise than cortical microcirculation.
139. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     High-throughput library transgenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans via Transgenic Arrays Resulting in Diversity of Integrated Sequences (TARDIS)

     Zachary C Stevenson, Megan J Moerdyk-Schauwecker ... Patrick C Phillips

     TARDIS enables efficient and diverse transgenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans by integrating synthetic DNA libraries into engineered genomic sites, rivaling the scale of transformation previously only possible in microbes.
140. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Extensive remodelling of the cell wall during the development of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

     Edward JA Douglas, Nathanael Palk ... Ruth C Massey

     The transition of Staphylococcus aureus from commensalism to invasive disease, bacteraemia, is a complex balancing act offsetting offensive and defensive virulence strategies involving the Tca cell wall stress stimulon locus.
141. 1. Cancer Biology

     The integration of Tgfβ and Egfr signaling programs confers the ability to lead heterogeneous collective invasion

     Apsra Nasir, Sharon Camacho ... Gray W. Pearson
142. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Cryo-EM structures of Kv1.2 potassium channels, conducting and non-conducting

     Yangyu Wu, Yangyang Yan ... Fred J Sigworth
143. 1. Neuroscience

     Large-scale neural dynamics in a shared low-dimensional state space reflect cognitive and attentional dynamics

     Hayoung Song, Won Mok Shim, Monica D Rosenberg

     People’s neural activity travels between a small number of brain states based on what they are thinking and paying attention to.
144. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Spontaneous body wall contractions stabilize the fluid microenvironment that shapes host–microbe associations

     Janna C Nawroth, Christoph Giez ... Thomas CG Bosch

     Spontaneous contractions allow shedding of the fluid boundary layer and thereby stabilize microbiota.
145. 1. Neuroscience

     Prefrontal cortex state representations shape human credit assignment

     Amrita Lamba, Matthew R Nassar, Oriel FeldmanHall

     The medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex work in concert to match state representations from feedback to those at choice, and the strength of these common neural codes predict credit assignment precision.
146. 1. Neuroscience

     Brain and molecular mechanisms underlying the nonlinear association between close friendships, mental health, and cognition in children

     Chun Shen, Edmund T Rolls ... Jianfeng Feng

     Close friend quantity is nonlinearly associated with various mental health and cognitive outcomes in children and could be partly explained by the structure of the social brain and the endogenous opioid system.
147. 1. Cell Biology

     LGG-1/GABARAP lipidation is not required for autophagy and development in Caenorhabditis elegans

     Romane Leboutet, Céline Largeau ... Renaud Legouis

     A genetic approach in Caenorhabditis elegans shows that the cleaved and cytosolic form of the ubiquitin-like protein LGG-1/GABARAP is sufficient for both autophagy and embryonic development.
148. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Kinetochore-fiber lengths are maintained locally but coordinated globally by poles in the mammalian spindle

     Manuela Richter, Lila Neahring ... Sophie Dumont

     Live imaging and physical perturbations of spindles with unfocused poles reveal that mammalian spindle length emerges locally from kinetochore-fibers, but that global cues from focused spindle poles are needed to coordinate k-fibers across space and time and accurately segregate chromosomes.
149. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Sterol derivative binding to the orthosteric site causes conformational changes in an invertebrate Cys-loop receptor

     Steven De Gieter, Casey I Gallagher ... Rouslan G Efremov

     Cryo-EM structures of Cys-loop receptor Alpo4 from the thermophilic worm Alvinella pompejana show that a sterol derivative CHAPS binds in and outside of its orthosteric binding site and induces a quaternary twist.
150. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Agonist efficiency links binding and gating in a nicotinic receptor

     Dinesh C Indurthi, Anthony Auerbach

     Efficiency measures the fundamental link between agonist binding and protein conformational change, and in nicotinic receptors has 5 values that calibrate energy changes in the induced fit that triggers activation.