July 2018

Research articles

1. 1. Neuroscience

   Non-invasive imaging of CSF-mediated brain clearance pathways via assessment of perivascular fluid movement with diffusion tensor MRI

   Ian F Harrison, Bernard Siow ... Jack A Wells

   The first non-invasive technique to assess the action of brain clearance mechanisms, driven by the perivascular inflow of cerebrospinal fluid, has been developed using magnetic resonance imaging.
2. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

   Control of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway by G₂-quadruplexes

   Helen Louise Lightfoot, Timo Hagen ... Jonathan Hall

   An ensemble of conserved G2-quadruplex structures in the untranslated regions of messenger RNAs from genes in the polyamine bioysynthesis pathway sense polyamine levels and regulate polyamine synthesis in cells.
3. 1. Neuroscience

   Content-specific activity in frontoparietal and default-mode networks during prior-guided visual perception

   Carlos González-García, Matthew W Flounders ... Biyu J He

   Prior experience alters content-specific neural representations of visual input in frontoparietal and default-mode networks.
4. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Structural relationship between the putative hair cell mechanotransduction channel TMC1 and TMEM16 proteins

   Angela Ballesteros, Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer, Kenton Jon Swartz

   The structural relationship between TMC and TMEM16 proteins provides insight into the structure and functional mechanisms of the mechanotransduction channel complex in hair cells.
5. 1. Neuroscience

   Rap2 and TNIK control Plexin-dependent tiled synaptic innervation in C. elegans

   Xi Chen, Akihiro CE Shibata ... Kota Mizumoto

   Plexin controls the spatial distribution of synapses by locally inhibiting Rap2 small GTPase activity along the axon, and a Rap2 effector, TNIK, which also plays a key role in inhibiting synapse number.
6. 1. Developmental Biology

   Branching morphogenesis in the developing kidney is not impacted by nephron formation or integration

   Kieran M Short, Alexander N Combes ... Ian M Smyth

   Analysing developing mouse kidneys demonstrates nephron formation does not significantly impact branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud, suggesting this process is distinct from branching in organs like the mammary gland.
7. 1. Developmental Biology
   2. Evolutionary Biology

   Germ layer-specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm

   Miguel Salinas-Saavedra, Amber Q Rock, Mark Q Martindale

   The expression of 'bilaterian-mesodermal’ genes changes the epithelial properties of the endomesoderm during the embryogenesis of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.
8. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Developmental Biology

   Hair follicle dermal condensation forms via Fgf20 primed cell cycle exit, cell motility, and aggregation

   Leah C Biggs, Otto JM Mäkelä ... Marja L Mikkola

   The hair follicle dermal condensate is populated via migration, and the cells exhibit early changes in cell shape and cell cycle status; Fgf20 primes these cellular and molecular events.
9. 1. Neuroscience

   Cerebellar implementation of movement sequences through feedback

   Andrei Khilkevich, Juan Zambrano ... Michael Dean Mauk

   The cerebellum can learn a sequence of responses by using a feedback signal from the previous movement to learn the next one.
10. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Wnt/PCP controls spreading of Wnt/β-catenin signals by cytonemes in vertebrates

    Benjamin Mattes, Yonglong Dang ... Steffen Scholpp

    Wnt signaling regulates its effective signaling range by controlling Wnt ligand transport on signaling filopodia within vertebrate tissues.
11. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    The origin of the odorant receptor gene family in insects

    Philipp Brand, Hugh M Robertson ... Brian R Johnson

    The insect odorant receptor gene family evolved at the base of the class Insecta before the evolution of flight and perhaps as an adaptation to terrestriality, and was therefore an important evolutionary novelty for insects.
12. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Differential expression of Lutheran/BCAM regulates biliary tissue remodeling in ductular reaction during liver regeneration

    Yasushi Miura, Satoshi Matsui ... Minoru Tanaka

    Lutheran is a novel marker for classification of bile duct remodeling in distinct liver injury, and an interesting functional molecule for investigating the nature of liver stem/progenitor cells during regeneration.
13. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    An alternative splicing switch in FLNB promotes the mesenchymal cell state in human breast cancer

    Ji Li, Peter S Choi ... William C Hahn

    Splicing by QKI and RBFOX1 regulates the function of the actin-binding protein FLNB by creating an isoform frequently observed in human cancers that dictates tumor cell plasticity.
14. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Coalescing beneficial host and deleterious antiparasitic actions as an antischistosomal strategy

    John D Chan, Timothy A Day, Jonathan S Marchant

    Engagement of both host and parasite signaling pathways proves a novel approach for developing improved anti-parasitic therapies.
15. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Pooled genome-wide CRISPR screening for basal and context-specific fitness gene essentiality in Drosophila cells

    Raghuvir Viswanatha, Zhongchi Li ... Norbert Perrimon

    Pooled CRISPR knockout screening in Drosophila cells enables high-resolution, genome-wide functional genomic comparisons in cell-lines across vast evolutionary distance.
16. 1. Neuroscience

    State-dependent cell-type-specific membrane potential dynamics and unitary synaptic inputs in awake mice

    Aurélie Pala, Carl CH Petersen

    Membrane potential recordings in awake mice from two genetically defined classes of neocortical inhibitory neurons reveal their distinct patterns of activity and unitary excitatory synaptic inputs, which are differentially modulated by behavior and local network activity.
17. 1. Neuroscience

    NPAS4 recruits CCK basket cell synapses and enhances cannabinoid-sensitive inhibition in the mouse hippocampus

    Andrea L Hartzell, Kelly M Martyniuk ... Brenda L Bloodgood

    Behaviorally-driven expression of the immediate early gene transcription factor NPAS4 changes local circuit connectivity and short-term plasticity by selectively recruiting CCK basket cell synapses to pyramidal neuron somas.
18. 1. Neuroscience

    Focal optogenetic suppression in macaque area MT biases direction discrimination and decision confidence, but only transiently

    Christopher R Fetsch, Naomi N Odean ... Michael N Shadlen

    Perceptual decision making in monkeys can be manipulated by using optogenetics to inactivate functional subregions of visual cortex, but the brain has a capacity to compensate for this perturbation.
19. 1. Cell Biology

    Tryparedoxin peroxidase-deficiency commits trypanosomes to ferroptosis-type cell death

    Marta Bogacz, R Luise Krauth-Siegel

    Ferroptosis is an evolutionary ancient process that is counterbalanced by distant peroxidases, GPx4 in mammals and tryparedoxin peroxidases in trypanosomes, and can be induced at distinct subcellular membranes depending on the individual cell type.
20. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Unified mechanisms for self-RNA recognition by RIG-I Singleton-Merten syndrome variants

    Charlotte Lässig, Katja Lammens ... Karl-Peter Hopfner

    RIG-I Singleton-Merten syndrome mutations either mimic or freeze the protein in an ATP-bound state and lead to autoimmune signalling through a gain-of-function recognition of self-RNA.
21. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Lysosomal cholesterol export reconstituted from fragments of Niemann-Pick C1

    Michael Nguyen Trinh, Michael S Brown ... Feiran Lu

    The N-terminal domain of one NPC1 molecule can transfer its cholesterol to another NPC1 molecule lacking the N-terminal domain, suggesting that NPC1 forms multimers that transport cholesterol out of lysosomes.
22. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Distinct and evolutionary conserved structural features of the human nuclear exosome complex

    Piotr Gerlach, Jan M Schuller ... Elena Conti

    Cryo-EM structure and biochemical characterization of the human nuclear exosome reveals its specific properties with respect to the yeast complex, underscoring the evolutionary conservation of the RNA-channeling mechanisms and hMTR4 helicase recruitment.
23. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Robust manipulation of the behavior of Drosophila melanogaster by a fungal pathogen in the laboratory

    Carolyn Elya, Tin Ching Lok ... Michael Eisen

    A newly described isolate of the behavior-manipulating fly pathogen Entomophthora muscae that naturally infects fruit flies can be cultured in the lab, enabling molecular investigation of how microbes induce behavior changes in animal hosts.
24. 1. Neuroscience

    Pre-post synaptic alignment through neuroligin-1 tunes synaptic transmission efficiency

    Kalina T Haas, Benjamin Compans ... Eric Hosy

    Neuroligin 1 is a critical adhesion molecule which organizes AMPA receptor nanodomains in close vicinity to pre-synaptic release sites, and whose genetic or chemical disruption severely impairs synaptic transmission properties.
25. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM structure of the benzodiazepine-sensitive α1β1γ2S tri-heteromeric GABA_A receptor in complex with GABA

    Swastik Phulera, Hongtao Zhu ... Eric Gouaux

    Structure of the triheteromeric α1β1γ2S GABAA receptor in complex with GABA illuminates the principles of receptor assembly and agonist binding.
26. 1. Neuroscience

    A subcortical circuit linking the cerebellum to the basal ganglia engaged in vocal learning

    Ludivine Pidoux, Pascale Le Blanc ... Arthur Leblois

    The cerebellum sends a functional input to the song-related basal ganglia via the thalamus in songbirds that can modify premotor activity, and it participates to song learning in juvenile birds.
27. 1. Cell Biology

    Measuring NDC80 binding reveals the molecular basis of tension-dependent kinetochore-microtubule attachments

    Tae Yeon Yoo, Jeong-Mo Choi ... Daniel J Needleman

    Quantitative experiments and theory show that the tension-dependent regulation of NDC80 binding to kinetochore microtubules arises from a combination of the changing Aurora B concentration at NDC80 and the nonlinearity of Aurora B autoactivation.
28. 1. Neuroscience

    A mechanism for exocytotic arrest by the Complexin C-terminus

    Mazen Makke, Maria Mantero Martinez ... Dieter Bruns

    The far C-terminal domain of CpxII interferes with SNARE assembly and thereby arrests tonic exocytosis.
29. 1. Neuroscience

    Functional heterogeneity within the rodent lateral orbitofrontal cortex dissociates outcome devaluation and reversal learning deficits

    Marios C Panayi, Simon Killcross

    The rodent orbitofrontal cortex makes functionally distinct contributions to flexible behavioural control, even within a single putative orbitofrontal subregion, which has important implications for establishing homology between rodent and primate orbitofrontal cortex.
30. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Receptor-mediated dimerization of JAK2 FERM domains is required for JAK2 activation

    Ryan D Ferrao, Heidi JA Wallweber, Patrick J Lupardus

    An intracellular cytokine receptor 'switch' motif is critical for the dimerization of JAK2 and activation of the JAK2 kinase.
31. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Decoupling the impact of microRNAs on translational repression versus RNA degradation in embryonic stem cells

    Jacob W Freimer, TJ Hu, Robert Blelloch

    The deletion of Ddx6 results in the translational upregulation, but not transcript stabilization, of microRNA targets in embryonic stem cells while largely phenocopying the overall impact of global microRNA loss.
32. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Evolution of gene dosage on the Z-chromosome of schistosome parasites

    Marion A L Picard, Celine Cosseau ... Beatriz Vicoso

    An analysis of gene dosage at the DNA, RNA and protein level yields new insights into the early stages of Z-chromosome dosage compensation in schistosome parasites.
33. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural basis for potent and broad inhibition of HIV-1 RT by thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine non-nucleoside inhibitors

    Yang Yang, Dongwei Kang ... Thomas A Steitz

    High-resolution structures of HIV-1 RT in complex with two newly developed non-nucleoside inhibitors explain how they retain antiviral activities against drug-resistant RT mutants with considerably reduced susceptibility to rilpivirine.
34. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Quantification of anti-parasite and anti-disease immunity to malaria as a function of age and exposure

    Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Emmanuel Arinaitwe ... Bryan Greenhouse

    Analyses of detailed clinical and entomological data from cohort studies reveal how anti-parasite and anti-disease immunity against P. falciparum develop as a function of age and transmission intensity.
35. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Developmentally regulated H2Av buffering via dynamic sequestration to lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos

    Matthew Richard Johnson, Roxan Amanda Stephenson ... Michael Andreas Welte

    In early Drosophila embryos, histone H2Av continuously exchanges between cytoplasmic lipid droplets, a process that modulates H2Av import into nuclei and constitutes a novel post-translational strategy to regulate nuclear H2Av levels.
36. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The dual role of chloride in synaptic vesicle glutamate transport

    Roger Chang, Jacob Eriksen, Robert H Edwards

    Whole endosome recording shows that chloride interacts with vesicular glutamate transporters as both allosteric activator and permeant ion, and although the mode of permeation differs, chloride and glutamate use a related conduction pathway.
37. 1. Neuroscience

    Neurexin directs partner-specific synaptic connectivity in C. elegans

    Alison Philbrook, Shankar Ramachandran ... Michael M Francis

    Investigation of synapse development using a single neuron system illuminates how individual neurons specify connectivity with their postsynaptic partners and the central role of the synaptic organizer neurexin in this process.
38. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Antibiotic-induced acceleration of type 1 diabetes alters maturation of innate intestinal immunity

    Xue-Song Zhang, Jackie Li ... Martin J Blaser

    Alteration of host gut microbiota by antibiotic exposure in early life remodeled host intestinal immune development and metabolism and enhanced the induction of type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed animals.
39. 1. Developmental Biology

    Dkk2 promotes neural crest specification by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a GSK3β independent manner

    Arun Devotta, Chang-Soo Hong, Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet

    Dkk2, a member of the Dikkopf family of Wnt antagonists, acts as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling during neural crest formation.
40. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Gating mechanisms during actin filament elongation by formins

    Fikret Aydin, Naomi Courtemanche ... Gregory A Voth

    Formins slow elongation of actin filament by either sterically blocking the addition of actin subunits or flattening the helical twist of the filament end.
41. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Parvovirus minute virus of mice interacts with sites of cellular DNA damage to establish and amplify its lytic infection

    Kinjal Majumder, Juexin Wang ... David J Pintel

    Development of a generally adaptable conformational capture assay for use in-trans identifies the specific direct interaction sites between the parvovirus minute virus of mice and the cellular genome during infection as sites of cellular DNA damage.
42. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Ligand discrimination and gating in cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels from apo and partial agonist-bound cryo-EM structures

    Jan Rheinberger, Xiaolong Gao ... Crina M Nimigean

    High resolution SthK channel cryo-EM structures in different ligand-bound states combined with single-channel functional data in the same conditions constrain a gating mechanism for CNG channels.
43. 1. Neuroscience

    Impaired spatial memory codes in a mouse model of Rett syndrome

    Sara E Kee, Xiang Mou ... Daoyun Ji

    Hypersynchrony in a mouse model of Rett syndrome impairs ripple-dependent memory consolidation and leads to a decrease in experience-dependent refinement of place cell activities.
44. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Novel functions for integrin-associated proteins revealed by analysis of myofibril attachment in Drosophila

    Hannah J Green, Annabel GM Griffiths ... Nicholas H Brown

    Integrin and actin associated proteins are resolved into four layers within myofibril attachments, an architecture requiring balanced positive and negative regulation of integrin adhesion with integrated mechanotransduction and actin pathways.
45. 1. Cell Biology

    A Rho signaling network links microtubules to PKD controlled carrier transport to focal adhesions

    Stephan A Eisler, Filipa Curado ... Angelika Hausser

    The small GTPase Rho connects GPCR signaling with PKD activity at TGN membranes and consequently anterograde trafficking to focal adhesions.
46. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms promote cell-type-specific cytokinetic diversity

    Tim Davies, Han X Kim ... Julie C Canman

    Functional molecular analysis of cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans four-cell embryos reveals cell-type-specific variation in the fundamental dependence on a robust f-actin cytoskeleton for successful cell division, mediated by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic pathways.
47. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Tunable molecular tension sensors reveal extension-based control of vinculin loading

    Andrew S LaCroix, Andrew D Lynch ... Brenton D Hoffman

    A quantitative understanding of molecular tension sensor function enables the production of unique sensors with desired mechanical properties as well as the ability to distinguish between protein force and protein deformation in mechanosensitive processes.
48. 1. Neuroscience

    PDF-1 neuropeptide signaling regulates sexually dimorphic gene expression in shared sensory neurons of C. elegans

    Zoë A Hilbert, Dennis H Kim

    Sex-specific neuropeptide signaling in the shared sensory nervous system regulates sexually dimorphic gene expression and male-specific behavior in C. elegans.
49. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Importance of miRNA stability and alternative primary miRNA isoforms in gene regulation during Drosophila development

    Li Zhou, Mandy Yu Theng Lim ... Katsutomo Okamura

    Selective degradation of mature miRNAs shapes temporal miRNA expression patterns and is important for proper regulation of target genes to support normal development of Drosophila embryos.
50. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Coevolution-based inference of amino acid interactions underlying protein function

    Victor H Salinas, Rama Ranganathan

    A deep mutational coupling study demonstrates the ability of sequence coevolution methods to reveal the pattern of amino acid interactions underlying protein function.
51. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    The major β-catenin/E-cadherin junctional binding site is a primary molecular mechano-transductor of differentiation in vivo

    Jens-Christian Röper, Démosthène Mitrossilis ... Emmanuel Farge

    The primary molecular mechanosensor involved in a physiological process of mechanically induced cell fate differentiation is revealed here for the first time in vivo, highly sensitive and potentially shared by all metazoan epithelia.
52. 1. Developmental Biology

    Inhibiting the integrated stress response pathway prevents aberrant chondrocyte differentiation thereby alleviating chondrodysplasia

    Cheng Wang, Zhijia Tan ... Kathryn Song Eng Cheah

    Integrated stress response-induced expression of ATF4 and its transactivation of SOX9 causes aberrant chondrocyte differentiation and skeletal defects which can be alleviated by modulating initiation-factor eIF2α phosphorylation translation control.
53. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Noncoding RNA-nucleated heterochromatin spreading is intrinsically labile and requires accessory elements for epigenetic stability

    R A Greenstein, Stephen K Jones ... Bassem Al-Sady

    Heterochromatin spreading in fission yeast predominantly produces intergenerationally unstable outcomes, requiring an accessory element that represses histone turnover.
54. 1. Neuroscience

    Regenerating hair cells in vestibular sensory epithelia from humans

    Ruth Rebecca Taylor, Anastasia Filia ... Andrew Forge

    Immunolabelling and morphological assessment, complemented by complete transcriptomic analysis, demonstrates that supporting cells can be induced to convert towards a hair cell-like phenotype in human vestibular sensory epithelia.
55. 1. Neuroscience

    UBE3A-mediated p18/LAMTOR1 ubiquitination and degradation regulate mTORC1 activity and synaptic plasticity

    Jiandong Sun, Yan Liu ... Xiaoning Bi

    A new mechanism linking lysosomes to mTOR regulation and synaptic plasticity involves p18 ubiquitination by Ube3a, and underlies some of the pathology observed in Angelman syndrome.
56. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    KCNE1 tunes the sensitivity of K_V7.1 to polyunsaturated fatty acids by moving turret residues close to the binding site

    Johan E Larsson, H Peter Larsson, Sara I Liin

    An auxiliary subunit alters the effect of a family of small-molecule openers on a voltage-gated potassium channel by inducing structural re-arrangements that promote protonation of the drug molecule.
57. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern diversity in the rock pigeon

    Anna I Vickrey, Rebecca Bruders ... Michael D Shapiro

    Different kinds of molecular changes at one genetic locus control different feather pigmentation patterns, and the darkest patterns resulted from hybridization with another species.
58. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Dual roles for ATP in the regulation of phase separated protein aggregates in Xenopus oocyte nucleoli

    Michael H Hayes, Elizabeth H Peuchen ... Daniel L Weeks

    The equilibrium between solubility and aggregation of proteins in the nucleus is controlled by co-aggregates like RNA and the action of ATP as both an energy source and a destabilizing chemical agent.
59. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A protein secreted by the Salmonella type III secretion system controls needle filament assembly

    Junya Kato, Supratim Dey ... Jorge E Galan

    A novel component of type III protein secretion systems involved in the assembly of the secretion machine is reported.
60. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Genetics of trans-regulatory variation in gene expression

    Frank Wolfgang Albert, Joshua S Bloom ... Leonid Kruglyak

    A genetic mapping study in more than 1000 yeast individuals reveals the complexity of trans-acting genetic influences on transcriptome variation in unprecedented depth and detail.
61. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Wnt/β-catenin regulates an ancient signaling network during zebrafish scale development

    Andrew J Aman, Alexis N Fulbright, David M Parichy

    Zebrafish scales depend on interactions among Wnt, Ectodysplasin and Hedgehog signaling pathways similar to those underlying feathers, teeth and hair follicles, suggesting a deep homology of ectodermal appendages in vertebrates.
62. 1. Cancer Biology

    Arid1a restrains Kras-dependent changes in acinar cell identity

    Geulah Livshits, Direna Alonso-Curbelo ... Scott W Lowe

    Arid1a loss in the pancreas enables an irreversible reprogramming of cell fate that is dependent on both cellular and genetic context.
63. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Adaptation to constant light requires Fic-mediated AMPylation of BiP to protect against reversible photoreceptor degeneration

    Andrew T Moehlman, Amanda K Casey ... Helmut Krämer

    Tuning of BiP activity by Fic-mediated AMPylation is required for Drosophila photoreceptor plasticity and attenuation of the unfolded protein response.
64. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Insights into the ubiquitin transfer cascade catalyzed by the Legionella effector SidC

    David Jon Wasilko, Qingqiu Huang, Yuxin Mao

    Structural and biochemical studies reveal the molecular mechanisms for ubiquitin transfer by two unique bacterial ubiquitin E3 ligases.
65. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Radially patterned cell behaviours during tube budding from an epithelium

    Yara E Sanchez-Corrales, Guy B Blanchard, Katja Röper

    Quantitative analysis in quasi-3D reveals apically driven cell behaviours that are closely coordinated across the tissue to allow ordered tube invagination through a focal point.
66. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Matrin 3-dependent neurotoxicity is modified by nucleic acid binding and nucleocytoplasmic localization

    Ahmed M Malik, Roberto A Miguez ... Sami J Barmada

    The deposition of Matrin 3, a DNA/RNA binding protein implicated in ALS and FTD, results in neurodegeneration dependent upon its localization, self-association, and ability to bind nucleic acids.
67. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism

    Lina Yao, Sarah Craven Seaton ... A Sloan Devlin

    The deletion of a single gene encoding a selective bile salt hydrolase from the abundant human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron significantly alters host metabolism.
68. 1. Ecology
    2. Plant Biology

    Cytokinin transfer by a free-living mirid to Nicotiana attenuata recapitulates a strategy of endophytic insects

    Christoph Brütting, Cristina Maria Crava ... Ian T Baldwin

    Cytokinin-dependent manipulation of plant metabolism is a strategy employed not only by gallers and leaf-miners but also by a free-living insect, Tupiocoris notatus, which directly transfers cytokinins at feeding sites to manipulate its host plant.
69. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Neuroscience

    Thioredoxin shapes the C. elegans sensory response to Pseudomonas produced nitric oxide

    Yingsong Hao, Wenxing Yang ... Joshua M Kaplan

    C. elegans utilizes bacterially produced nitric oxide as a sensory cue to elicit avoidance of pathogenic bacteria.
70. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Membrane insertion of α-xenorhabdolysin in near-atomic detail

    Evelyn Schubert, Ingrid R Vetter ... Stefan Raunser

    Cryo-EM and X-ray structures of α-xenorhabdolysin in soluble and pore form of Xenorhabdus nematophila give novel insights into the mechanism of action of bi-component α-pore-forming toxins.
71. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Hypoxia-inducible factor cell non-autonomously regulates C. elegans stress responses and behavior via a nuclear receptor

    Corinne L Pender, H Robert Horvitz

    The hypoxia-inducible factor HIF drives transcription of the gene cyp-36A1, which encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme that acts via a putative intercellular signal to regulate the nuclear receptor NHR-46 and consequently stress resistance and behavior.
72. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Synergy between the small intrinsically disordered protein Hsp12 and trehalose sustain viability after severe desiccation

    Skylar Xantus Kim, Gamze Çamdere ... Hugo Tapia

    Two small, energy independent stress effectors are able to counteract all of the major insults imposed by severe water loss.
73. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Lipoate-binding proteins and specific lipoate-protein ligases in microbial sulfur oxidation reveal an atpyical role for an old cofactor

    Xinyun Cao, Tobias Koch ... Christiane Dahl

    An unexpected new biological function was discovered for the universally conserved cofactor lipoate, as lipoate-binding proteins proved essential for a novel wide-spread prokaryotic sulfur oxidation pathway.
74. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM structure of the polycystin 2-l1 ion channel

    Raymond E Hulse, Zongli Li ... David E Clapham

    The selectivity characteristics of PC-2L1, which make it a principal source of calcium in primary cilia function, is presented and advances understanding of the similarity and differences of TRPP ion channels.
75. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Medicine

    Unexpected similarities between C9ORF72 and sporadic forms of ALS/FTD suggest a common disease mechanism

    Erin G Conlon, Delphine Fagegaltier ... James L Manley

    Idiopathic patients along a complex motor neuron disease-dementia spectrum exhibit mRNA splicing changes that are due to multi-protein insolubility.
76. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    SLC6A14, an amino acid transporter, modifies the primary CF defect in fluid secretion

    Saumel Ahmadi, Sunny Xia ... Christine E Bear

    Loss of an amino acid transporter and tissue depletion of nitric oxide worsens the intestinal function of CF mice, a finding that potentially explains variation in disease severity amongst CF individuals.
77. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    How small-molecule inhibitors of dengue-virus infection interfere with viral membrane fusion

    Luke H Chao, Jaebong Jang ... Stephen C Harrison

    Single-particle studies of dengue-virus membrane fusion and the effect of small-molecule inhibitors of infection clarify the viral fusion mechanism.
78. 1. Cell Biology

    E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assembly

    Omer Shafraz, Matthias Rübsam ... Sanjeevi Sivasankar

    Two critical events initiate and promote efficient desmosome assembly: stable binding of opposing E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion proteins; and direct interaction of E-cadherin and Desmoglein.
79. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Multisite dependency of an E3 ligase controls monoubiquitylation-dependent cell fate decisions

    Achim Werner, Regina Baur ... Michael Rape

    Simultaneous phosphorylation of multiple substrate motifs drives switch-like target recognition and monoubiquitylation by an E3 ligase during metazoan development.
80. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Valid molecular dynamics simulations of human hemoglobin require a surprisingly large box size

    Krystel El Hage, Florent Hédin ... Martin Karplus

    Simulations of the unliganded human hemoglobin tetramer, which for the first time yield a thermodynamically stable system, cast doubts on the use of standard solvent box sizes for molecular dynamics studies of biological macromolecules.
81. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Embryonic hematopoiesis modulates the inflammatory response and larval hematopoiesis in Drosophila

    Wael Bazzi, Pierre B Cattenoz ... Angela Giangrande

    Distinct hematopoietic waves interact via transcriptional cascades specific to embryonic hemocytes to ensure the proper immune response in Drosophila.​.
82. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Highly multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging of human tissues and tumors using t-CyCIF and conventional optical microscopes

    Jia-Ren Lin, Benjamin Izar ... Peter K Sorger

    t-CyCIF can be used to collect spatially-encoded, multiparametric data from fixed and embedded research or clinical specimens making it possible to probe the organization of tumors and tissues at a single-cell level.
83. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Presenilin mutations deregulate mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis and metabolic activity causing neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Shaarika Sarasija, Jocelyn T Laboy ... Kenneth R Norman

    In C. elegans, presenilin functions, independent of its gamma-secretase proteolytic activity, to regulate mitochondrial metabolism by controlling ER-mitochondrial calcium transfer and, even in the absence of Abeta signaling, loss of this activity leads to neurodegeneration.
84. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Inert and seed-competent tau monomers suggest structural origins of aggregation

    Hilda Mirbaha, Dailu Chen ... Marc I Diamond

    Tau protein exists as two conformational ensembles, one inert, and another that has intrinsic properties of self-association, triggers seeding in cells and in vitro, and is associated with Alzheimer's disease.
85. 1. Neuroscience

    Adaptive coding for dynamic sensory inference

    Wiktor F Młynarski, Ann M Hermundstad

    To make reliable but metabolically efficient perceptual inferences in a changing world, neural systems should dynamically adapt based on surprise and uncertainty about the sensory environment.
86. 1. Cell Biology

    CYK-4 functions independently of its centralspindlin partner ZEN-4 to cellularize oocytes in germline syncytia

    Kian-Yong Lee, Rebecca A Green ... Karen Oegema

    The CYK-4 subunit of the broadly conserved intercellular bridge component centralspindlin, but not its ZEN-4 subunit, is essential for the cytokinesis-like closure of intercellular bridges that cellularizes oocytes to separate them from germline syncytia.
87. 1. Cancer Biology

    BRET-based RAS biosensors that show a novel small molecule is an inhibitor of RAS-effector protein-protein interactions

    Nicolas Bery, Abimael Cruz-Migoni ... Terence H Rabbitts

    A biosensor resource has been developed to monitor the intracellular interactions of RAS family proteins with effector molecules and the effects of inhibitors as an aid to drug development.
88. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Variations in HLA-B cell surface expression, half-life and extracellular antigen receptivity

    Brogan Yarzabek, Anita J Zaitouna ... Malini Raghavan

    Lymphocytes and monocytes maintain their cell surface HLA-B via different mechanisms, which in turn differently influence cell-surface expression, half-life and peptide receptivity of HLA-B allotypes.
89. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Biophysical clocks face a trade-off between internal and external noise resistance

    Weerapat Pittayakanchit, Zhiyue Lu ... Arvind Murugan

    Molecular clocks that are robust to external fluctuations are vulnerable to internal fluctuations and vice versa.
90. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    A promoter interaction map for cardiovascular disease genetics

    Lindsey E Montefiori, Debora R Sobreira ... Marcelo A Nóbrega

    Promoter capture Hi-C in human iPSCs and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes provides a platform to interrogate gene-regulatory dynamics of cardiomyocyte differentiation and directly links thousands of cardiovascular disease risk loci to hundreds of distal target genes.
91. 1. Neuroscience

    Characterization of developmental and molecular factors underlying release heterogeneity at Drosophila synapses

    Yulia Akbergenova, Karen L Cunningham ... J Troy Littleton

    Active zone release probability is correlated with calcium channel density and calcium influx at single release sites, with release strength increasing in an activity-dependent manner during synapse maturation.
92. 1. Neuroscience

    Down regulation of vestibular balance stabilizing mechanisms to enable transition between motor states

    Romain Tisserand, Christopher J Dakin ... Jean-Sébastien Blouin

    Down regulation of the gain from the vestibular sensory sources prior to the initiation of movement is a motor control solution to overcome the reflex-stabilizing mechanisms to enable motion from a postural orientation.
93. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Stem cell heterogeneity drives the parasitic life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni

    Bo Wang, Jayhun Lee ... Phillip A Newmark

    Distinct stem cell populations drive larval, somatic, and germline development of the human parasitic flatworm, Schistosoma mansoni.
94. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Removing physiological motion from intravital and clinical functional imaging data

    Sean C Warren, Max Nobis ... Paul Timpson

    Image-based motion correction enables the use of fluorescence lifetime and other functional imaging modalities in an intravital and clinical context in the presence of physiological motion.
95. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    NSF-mediated disassembly of on- and off-pathway SNARE complexes and inhibition by complexin

    Ucheor B Choi, Minglei Zhao ... Axel T Brunger

    NSF is part of a membrane trafficking quality control system that disassembles both properly formed and off-pathway SNARE complexes, and the disassembly activity may be regulated by complexin.
96. 1. Neuroscience

    Inferring circuit mechanisms from sparse neural recording and global perturbation in grid cells

    John Widloski, Michael P Marder, Ila R Fiete

    A novel experimental method and analysis is conceived, based on perturbation and sparse recording, to elucidate the circuit structure and mechanisms underlying the responses of grid cells.
97. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Vertex sliding drives intercalation by radial coupling of adhesion and actomyosin networks during Drosophila germband extension

    Timothy E Vanderleest, Celia M Smits ... Dinah Loerke

    Tricellular vertices possess sliding behaviors that harness radial forces and drive cell shape changes and intercalation in an epithelial tissue.
98. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Rad52-Rad51 association is essential to protect Rad51 filaments against Srs2, but facultative for filament formation

    Emilie Ma, Pauline Dupaigne ... Eric Coïc

    The association of Rad52 with Rad51, while not critical for Rad51 filament formation, is crucial to protect Rad51 filaments from Srs2 translocase activity through the association of Rad52 with complete Rad51 filaments.
99. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    JNK signaling triggers spermatogonial dedifferentiation during chronic stress to maintain the germline stem cell pool in the Drosophila testis

    Salvador C Herrera, Erika A Bach

    JNK pathway activity induces spermatogonial dedifferentiation under challenging conditions to maintain the germline stem cell pool and to endow it with potentially fitter cells that have increased proliferation.
100. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     PARP1-dependent recruitment of the FBXL10-RNF68-RNF2 ubiquitin ligase to sites of DNA damage controls H2A.Z loading

     Gergely Rona, Domenico Roberti ... Michele Pagano

     Upon genotoxic stress, the FBXL10-RNF68-RNF2 ubiquitin ligase complex mono-ubiquitylates histone H2A and mediates H2A/H2A.Z exchange to repress transcription and ensures proper high fidelity homologous recombination repair.
101. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Engineering ER-stress dependent non-conventional mRNA splicing

     Weihan Li, Voytek Okreglak ... Peter Walter

     Ire1's RNase specificity and its cleavage sites coordination shape the evolutionary specialization of the unfolded protein response.
102. 1. Neuroscience

     An automated high-resolution in vivo screen in zebrafish to identify chemical regulators of myelination

     Jason J Early, Katy LH Marshall-Phelps ... David A Lyons

     A fully automated high-resolution in vivo screening platform for zebrafish was implemented and used to identify novel compounds that regulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression.
103. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Loss of Atoh1 from neurons regulating hypoxic and hypercapnic chemoresponses causes neonatal respiratory failure in mice

     Meike E van der Heijden, Huda Y Zoghbi

     Atoh1 promotes the development of two different neural circuits involved in hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory responses that together are essential for neonatal respiratory drive and survival.
104. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Multiple inputs ensure yeast cell size homeostasis during cell cycle progression

     Cecilia Garmendia-Torres, Olivier Tassy ... Gilles Charvin

     Yeast cell size homeostasis is not controlled by a G1-specific mechanism alone but is likely to be an emergent property resulting from the integration of several mechanisms that coordinate cell and bud growth with division.
105. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Timing of ESCRT-III protein recruitment and membrane scission during HIV-1 assembly

     Daniel S Johnson, Marina Bleck, Sanford M Simon

     During viral assembly, ESCRTIII and VPS4 are recruited after most of the HIV-1 membrane is bent but disappear prior to scission of the virion from the cell.
106. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Structural basis of malodour precursor transport in the human axilla

     Gurdeep S Minhas, Daniel Bawdon ... Simon Newstead

     Discovery of the structural basis for recognition and uptake of a human precursor for body odour production reveals an important role for bacterial peptide transport and novel routes to prevent its production in humans.
107. 1. Neuroscience

     Recurrent network model for learning goal-directed sequences through reverse replay

     Tatsuya Haga, Tomoki Fukai

     The combination of short-term and long-term plasticity enables hippocampus to learn goal-directed paths through replay in a reversed order.
108. 1. Developmental Biology

     Neurogenic decisions require a cell cycle independent function of the CDC25B phosphatase

     Frédéric Bonnet, Angie Molina ... Eric Agius

     The cell cycle phosphatase CDC25B controls cell cycle progression and neurogenesis through independent pathways.
109. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Single-color, ratiometric biosensors for detecting signaling activities in live cells

     Brian L Ross, Brian Tenner ... Jin Zhang

     A novel panel of homoFRET biosensors that detect kinase and second messenger activity, called FLAREs, enables multiparameter imaging of signaling activities within a single live cell with a quantitative and ratiometric readout.
110. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     A multispecies coalescent model for quantitative traits

     Fábio K Mendes, Jesualdo A Fuentes-González ... Matthew W Hahn

     A model for evolutionary inferences at both micro- and macroevolutionary scales is proposed and evaluated theoretically and through simulations.
111. 1. Cell Biology

     Nanoscale dysregulation of collagen structure-function disrupts mechano-homeostasis and mediates pulmonary fibrosis

     Mark G Jones, Orestis G Andriotis ... Donna E Davies

     Nanoscale changes to individual collagen fibrils drive lung fibrosis.
112. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Cryo-EM structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils

     Ricardo Guerrero-Ferreira, Nicholas MI Taylor ... Henning Stahlberg

     The alpha-synuclein fibril structure reported here buries residues 50-57 at the interface between its two protofilaments, suggesting that familial Parkinson's disease associated mutations in these residues lead to a structure not compatible with the one presented here.
113. 1. Neuroscience

     Dual leucine zipper kinase is required for mechanical allodynia and microgliosis after nerve injury

     Josette J Wlaschin, Jacob M Gluski ... Claire E Le Pichon

     The DLK response pathway in neurons initiates the cascade of events leading to neuropathic pain after injury.
114. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Control of cyclic oligoadenylate synthesis in a type III CRISPR system

     Christophe Rouillon, Januka S Athukoralage ... Malcolm F White

     Generation of the anti-viral second messenger cyclic oligoadenylate by type III CRISPR systems is tightly controlled in response to viral RNA load and sequence.
115. 1. Neuroscience

     Different contributions of preparatory activity in the basal ganglia and cerebellum for self-timing

     Jun Kunimatsu, Tomoki W Suzuki ... Masaki Tanaka

     Neuronal activity in the striatum keeps track of elapsed time during the time production task while that in the cerebellum correlates with stochastic variation of self-timing in the range of several hundreds of milliseconds.
116. 1. Neuroscience

     Assessing reliability in neuroimaging research through intra-class effect decomposition (ICED)

     Andreas M Brandmaier, Elisabeth Wenger ... Ulman Lindenberger

     In human neuroimaging, the intra-class effect decomposition (ICED) framework indexes overall reliability, and enables researchers to identify and quantify multi-source contributions to measurement error with the goal of developing more reliable measures.
117. 1. Cell Biology

     TRPV4 is the temperature-sensitive ion channel of human sperm

     Nadine Mundt, Marc Spehr, Polina V Lishko

     The molecular identity of the temperature-sensitive ion channel of human sperm that ensures depolarization is TRPV4.
118. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     A positive-feedback-based mechanism for constriction rate acceleration during cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

     Renat N Khaliullin, Rebecca A Green ... Karen Oegema

     Positive feedback between contractile ring myosin and compression-driven cortical flow can explain the exponential accumulation of contractile ring components and constriction rate acceleration that ensures timely cell separation during cytokinesis.
119. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     BK channel inhibition by strong extracellular acidification

     Yu Zhou, Xiao-Ming Xia, Christopher J Lingle

     Analysis of iconic and gating currents of wild type and mutated BK channels reveals a strong inhibition of this channel by extracellular acidification and elucidates the underlying mechanism that is potentially applicable to other voltage-dependent cation channels.
120. 1. Neuroscience

     Bidirectional encoding of motion contrast in the mouse superior colliculus

     Jad Barchini, Xuefeng Shi ... Jianhua Cang

     Two photon calcium imaging experiments show that excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse superior colliculus are differentially modulated by the motion contrast between stimulus center and surround.