Sonya Entova, Jean-Marc Billod ... Barbara Imperiali
Key sequence motifs, defined using the first reported structure of a monotopic membrane protein with a reentrant helix, enable identification of new monotopic membrane protein families previously predicted as membrane spanning.
Andrew Michael Sydor, Etienne Coyaud ... Vito Mennella
The previously uncharacterized protein PPP1R35 is a novel centriolar luminal protein critical for centriole elongation by acting in a complex with microcephaly protein RTTN.
Xiaowei Hou, Shana R Burstein, Stephen Barstow Long
The structure of the calcium channel Orai in an open conformation reveals a dilated pore and gives insight into mechanisms of ion permeation and calcium selectivity.
Pablo Ripollés, Laura Ferreri ... Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
Dopamine modulates behavioral measures of learning and pleasantness in a learning task guided by intrinsic reward, inducing long-term memory benefits specially in those participants with a high sensitivity to reward.
An adaptive process of genetic homogenization in poxviruses facilitates the propagation of single nucleotide variation within gene copies and might favor the persistence of large gene copy arrays.
Jose Arturo Gutierrez-Triana, Tinatini Tavhelidse ... Joachim Wittbrodt
The 5' modification of the donor template facilitates highly efficient Crispr targeted homologous recombination and at the same time favors single copy integration.
Eszter K Vladar, Miranda B Stratton ... Jeffrey D Axelrod
Cyclin-dependentkinase 2 (Cdk2), the master regulator of S phase events during the cell cycle, controls the earliest step in the motile ciliogenesis pathway in quiescent multiciliatedairway epithelial cells.
William S DeWitt III, Anajane Smith ... Philip Bradley
An analysis of T cell receptor occurrence patterns that accounts for MHC restriction reveals striking imprints of common viral pathogens and patterns of TCR-HLA sequence covariation in a large human cohort.
Arabidopsis RNA processing factor SERRATE associates with the chromatin of intronless genes, which are usually expressed at low levels, to enhance polymerase II association.
Leonora S Bittleston, Charles J Wolock ... Anne Pringle
Host characteristics drive the assembly of similar communities within the convergently evolved and geographically distant pitcher ecosystems of carnivorous pitcher plants.
Marta Strecker Shocket, Sadie J Ryan, Erin A Mordecai
Accounting for nonlinear responses to temperature is critical for accurately predicting how Ross River virus and other mosquito-borne diseases will respond to climate change and detecting the effects of temperature on disease transmission.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced hydroxy- and carboxyblumenol C glycosides accumulate in plant shoots and allow for facile high-throughput screening for functional plant-AMF associations.
Michael M Yartsev, Timothy D Hanks ... Carlos D Brody
Behavioral, pharmacological, optogenetic, electrophysiological and computational analyses suggest that the anterior dorsal striatum is a causal node in the network responsible for evidence accumulation.
PlexB plays a multifaceted role in instructing the assembly of the Drosophila olfactory circuit through temporally-regulated expression patterns and expression level-dependent effects.
Centromeric histones, the foundation for accurate chromosome segregation, have now been re-engineered to allow for analysis of the stoichiometry of required domains.
Barbara Commisso, Lingjun Ding ... Francesco Roselli
The projections from discrete areas to motor cortex increase over disease course in motoneuron disease model with selective spatial and temporal patterns.
Distinct antiviral signaling pathways, triggered by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Interferon-gamma, converge on CDK/cyclin repression, causing inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.
Emergence of hematopoietic stem cells from an aortic component is a unique phenomenon of cell extrusion, with no equivalent in cell biology, and which is adapted to environmental constraints exerted by endothelial cells and hemodynamics forces.
Antonio H Lara, Gamaleldin F Elsayed ... Mark M Churchland
Voluntary movements are preceded by a temporally flexible preparatory neural process that is present regardless of whether movement is initiated rapidly or thoughtfully.
An under-studied microtubule-associated protein is found to regulate axon growth and branching by modulating microtubule-based organelle transport through its dual interactions with microtubules and the conventional kinesin motor.
Efrén Álvarez-Salvado, Angela M Licata ... Katherine I Nagel
A high-throughput behavioral paradigm and computational modeling are used to decompose olfactory navigation in walking Drosophila melanogaster into a set of quantitative relationships between sensory input and motor output.
Christian Louis Bonatto Paese, Anna Schoenauer ... Alistair P McGregor
Sox21b-1 regulates simultaneous formation of anterior segments and addition of posterior segments in a spider, which resembles segmentation in long- and short-germ insects, and suggests SoxB regulation of segmentation is an ancestral feature of arthropods.
CART exerts differential metabolic effects in response to activation of neurons of the Arc, where CART suppresses energy expenditure, while it enforces the reward characteristics of the LHA.
Fabien Duveau, Andrea Hodgins-Davis ... Patricia J Wittkopp
The impact of changing gene expression noise on fitness reveals beneficial or deleterious effects in a stable environment depending how close the average expression level is to the fitness optimum.
Fanny Pouyet, Simon Aeschbacher ... Laurent Excoffier
Background selection and GC-biased gene conversion impact the human genome to a much larger extent than previously recognized in low and high recombination rate regions, respectively.
The central complex, a highly conserved insect brain region important for navigation, is characterized by a high degree of recurrence and a sparseness of output pathways.
Conditional deletion of the DYT1 dystonia protein torsinA causes selective cell autonomous neurodegeneration of striatal and brainstem cholinergic neurons, and severe motor behavioral abnormalities.
Tom Alisch, James D Crall ... Benjamin L de Bivort
A new versatile, autonomous, robotic experimental platform (MAPLE) can increase the throughput of biological experiments by automating the growth and phenotyping of a variety of model organisms.
Activation of the stress response pathway in young cells extends replicative lifespan, not by reducing global protein synthesis per se, but by Gcn4-mediated autophagy induction.
Farnoush Farahpour, Mohammadkarim Saeedghalati ... Daniel Hoffmann
In a minimalistic, generic model of competitive communities in which evolution is constrained by life-history trade-offs, stable biodiversity emerges with species adapted to different functional niches.
Michael A Gaffield, Matthew J M Rowan ... Jason M Christie
In behaving mice, inhibition from molecular layer interneurons attenuates excitation of Purkinje cells by parallel fibers and suppresses their ability to enhance climbing fiber-triggered dendritic Ca2+ responses.
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex integrates concurrent externally and internally generated predictions of task demand to guide information processing, while the medial prefrontal cortex corrects its prediction error based on actual task demand.
Cytological and biochemical analyses reveal Arabidopsis formin 2 is involved in regulating PD permeability by anchoring actin filaments to PD and stabilizing them through actin filament barbed end capping activity.
Michael Troup, Melvyn HW Yap ... Bruno van Swinderen
Optogenetic activation reveals a larger role for the fly brain 'sleep switch' neurons in controlling both waking and sleeping behavioral responsiveness, partly via a parallel channel involving innexin6 electrical synapses.
Michael Luke Carlson, John William Young ... Franck Duong
A simple, yet elegant method for robust self-assembly of diverse membrane proteins into soluble peptide nanoparticles for their structural and functional analysis in detergent-free solutions.
Doreen Matthies, Chanhyung Bae ... Kenton Jon Swartz
The structure of a voltage-activated potassium channel in lipid nanodiscs solved using cryo-electron microscopy is similar to previous X-ray structures, and provides insights into the mechanism of C-type inactivation.
Lars-Eric Fielmich, Ruben Schmidt ... Sander van den Heuvel
New germline gene expression, knockout, and optogenetic tools reveal essential roles for Gα-GPR-1,2/Pins as a regulatable membrane anchor and LIN-5/NuMA as an activator of cortical dynein in mitotic spindle positioning.
The distribution of redundant neural activity is coupled with task-relevant activity, which may limit the extent to which redundancy can be exploited by the brain for computation.
The Cohesin subunit Scc3 contains a hook-shaped domain that binds to DNA substrate, thus revealing that Cohesin-chromatin transactions are driven not only by topological interactions, but also by direct protein-DNA contacts.
Giacomo Frangipane, Dario Dell'Arciprete ... Roberto Di Leonardo
The concentration of motile bacteria, expressing a light-driven proton pump, can be precisely controlled in space and time by spatially modulating their swimming speeds with a structured light pattern.
Rengasayee Veeraraghavan, Gregory S Hoeker ... Robert G Gourdie
Structural and functional investigations identify a structural unit for ephaptic coupling in the heart, and provide the mechanistic basis for a novel strategy for the treatment of arrhythmias.
Modulation of muscle stem cell redox state in culture both improves their amplification while maintaining a similar grafting potential as freshly isolated stem cells.
Xavier Guell, Jeremy D Schmahmann ... Satrajit S Ghosh
Cerebellar functional regions follow a gradual organization, which progresses from primary (motor) to transmodal (Default Mode Network) regions, and a secondary axis extends from task-unfocused to task-focused processing.
Florian Drawitsch, Ali Karimi ... Moritz Helmstaedter
Methodology to annotate the multiple origins of axonal projections in dense electron microscopy data of mammalian nervous tissue without the need of chemical label conversion is reported.
Behavioral, pharmacological, optogenetic, electrophysiological and computational analyses suggest that the anterior dorsal striatum is a causal node in the network responsible for evidence accumulation.
A combination of surveillance data, paired sera and mathematical modelling reveals which factors may influence dengue transmission and control in island settings.
A recently discovered contagious cancer in the Tasmanian devil has the potential to become widespread in the population due to the loss of histocompatibility antigens that are allogeneic to its hosts.
Functional MRI measurements of orientation reflect coarse-scale biases that are wholly determined by second-order interactions between the stimulus aperture and the underlying orientation.
In a new evidence-accumulation decision-making task, activity of the lateral posterior cerebellum is necessary for accurate performance, and somatic and dendritic activity in Purkinje cells contains choice/evidence and error-related information.
Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman, Ashutosh Shukla, Sumantra Chattarji
When the fear-enhancing effects of prior exposure to stress are absent, the expression of fear reflects normal neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, not stress-induced hyperactivity in the amygdala.
Adoptive transfer and genetic manipulation revealed a previously unknown sub-population of PLZFhi CCR7+ iNKT cells as precursors for all three iNKT effector subsets in both thymus and periphery in mice.
William A Kronert, Kaylyn M Bell ... Sanford I Bernstein
Integrative analysis of a Drosophila model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrates that prolonged binding of the myosin cross-bridge to actin is a root cause of the disorder.
Rather than acting as passive and neutral co-factors for proneural proteins, E proteins play an active role in modulating the way the distinct proneural proteins instruct neurogenesis.
In contrast to growing evidence that juxtracrine signalling accounts for Wnt/Wingless patterning function, Wingless behaves as a released signal in Drosophila renal tubule development, being secreted from the midgut to spread and pattern the proximal tubule.
Laura D Lewis, Giovanni Piantoni ... Patrick L Purdon
Intracranial recordings of human brain activity during awakening from general anesthesia exhibit a brief brain state not seen during loss of consciousness, in which stimuli elicit large electrophysiological responses that resemble those seen in sleep.
Measurement of expression limits of yeast glycolytic proteins reveal the protein burden limit, which is the expression limit of any protein in the cell.
Harunori Yoshikawa, Mark Larance ... Angus I Lamond
Translationally active polysomes from mammalian cells/tissues are successfully separated with rapidity, high efficiency and exceptional reproducibility by a SEC-based approach, an accessible alternative to the conventional sucrose density gradient analysis.
An in vivo disulfide crosslinking assay shows preferential disassembly of nucleosomes with two H2A.Z histones by transcription machinery in yeast and conjugation to one or two ubiquitin moieties in human cells.
A high axonal chloride concentration explains why activation of light-gated chloride channels causes neurotransmitter release, and a novel hybrid somatodendritic targeting motif ameliorates this phenomenon and improves their inhibitory function.
Santosh Kumar Kuncha, Katta Suma ... Rajan Sankaranarayanan
Using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, the study has explained the discriminator base anomaly in bacterial tRNA(Gly) through identification of the key determinant of DTD specificity.
QuantEv is a fully automatic and semi-parametric method that allows quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of complex molecular trafficking objects at the scale of the whole cell.
Johannes Rudolph, Jyothi Mahadevan ... Karolin Luger
By moving between DNA segments like a child swinging on monkey bars, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 explores possible DNA damage sites more effectively.
Considerable differences are observed in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A, the genotypes of which have putative origins in North Africa/Middle East (HBV-D) and the Middle East/Central Asia (HBV-A).
Shootin1a, through its spatially regulated phosphorylation within growth cones, mediates the gradient reading and mechanoresponse for netrin-1-induced axon guidance.
Set size effects in visual working memory are explained as a resource-rational trade-off between an error-based behavioral cost and a neural encoding cost.
Osama F Harraz, Thomas A Longden ... Mark T Nelson
TRPV4 channels in brain capillaries are suppressed by the phosphoinositide PIP2 and activated by receptor agonists implicated in neurovascular coupling.
The small molecule, 147, is a pro-drug that preferentially activates ATF6 signaling through a mechanism involving localized metabolic activation and selective covalent modification of ER resident proteins involved in regulating ATF6 activity.
Dynein-dependent microtubule-cortex interactions – "side-on" versus "end-on" pulling – are regulated by cortical ER and mediated by distinct pools of cortical anchor that are differentially localized along the cell periphery.
Melissa Kane, Stephanie V Rebensburg ... Paul D Bieniasz
Comprehensive investigation reveals the variability and importance of the nuclear pore complex in HIV-1 infection and the activity of the antiretroviral protein, MX2.
Planar cell polarity proteins display dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of enrichment that tightly correlate with myosin-dependent cell behaviors during neural tube closure.
Marco Novais-Cruz, Maria Alba Abad ... Cristina Ferrás
Direct live-cell imaging of human cells, combined with RNA-seq, qPCR and in vitro reconstitution essays, reveal that mitotic progression, arrest, exit or death is independent of de novo transcription.
Garrett A Greenan, Bettina Keszthelyi ... David A Agard
Cryo-electron tomography of mammalian and fly centrioles shows that the ninefold symmetry of centrioles is set by species-specific microtubule linkers.
HNF1A, a risk factor gene for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is critical to maintaining pancreatic cancer stem cell properties through regulating POU5F1 (OCT4) expression, providing a novel role for HNF1A in maintenance of the disease.
Model-based imaging shows that the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex supports dissimilarity-based heuristics that people may use when they are confronted with ambiguous scenarios.
Andrea Cristina de Lima-Pardini, Daniel Boari Coelho ... Erich Talamoni Fonoff
High-frequency stimulation of the upper thoracic spinal cord corrects anticipatory postural adjustments and improving gait efficiency and inhibiting freezing of gait episodes in advanced Parkinson's disease.
A new approach combines guide RNA multiplexing with CRISPR activation and interference to facilitate functional studies of transposable elements present in hundreds of copies throughout the human genome.
Nikolay Burnaevskiy, Shengying Chen ... Matt Kaeberlein
Morphological and functional rejuvenation upon exit from adult reproductive diapause in C. elegans is independent of germline signaling, but instead involves somatic nucleolar activation and expansion of the RNA pool.
Structures of a mouse PCDH15 and LHFPL5 complex, two proteins involved in converting sound into electrical signals, illuminate how mechanical stimuli are delivered to the membrane of inner ear hair cells.
The packaging signal in HIV-1 genomic RNA supports in vitro particle assembly more efficiently than control RNAs, probably explaining its selective packaging during virus assembly in vivo.
Genetic mouse models show that hepatic NIK and IKKα inhibit hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in part by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Thalidomide and its derivates induce degradation of many C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors, including SALL4, providing insight into a long-standing mystery in modern pharmacology, and starting points for future drug development.
