All parts of the USA are similarly adapted to temperature seasonality, although mortality seasonality, and how it has changed since the 1980s, depend on age and sex.
Pyramidal cells of the subiculum, a major output cell type of the hippocampus, can be deconstructed into distinct subtypes that exhibit a patchwork-like organization in space.
Terje R Kolstad, Jonas van den Brink ... William E Louch
Experimental and mathematical modeling approaches identify a novel mechanism of heart failure, linking disrupted calcium homeostasis and impaired contractility of cardiacmyocytes to nanoscale reorganization of calcium release channels.
Matthias Merker, Maxime Barbier ... Stefan Niemann
The genetic make-up of dominating MDR-TB clades in Central Asia is shaped by programmatic and socio-economic changes that led to fixation of resistance and bacterial fitness related mutations in the Soviet era.
Dipak Manna, Christian Stephan Lentz ... Upinder Singh
Cellular NAD+ levels change during stage conversion and regulate function of a novel transcription factor that controls developmental switching in the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica.
A brain–computer interface for real-time identification of transient neural activity patterns enables causal inference of the role of these patterns in cognition through closed-loop manipulation.
Matthew S Scarnati, Rahul Kataria ... Kenneth G Paradiso
Local presynaptic protein synthesis occurring at established nerve terminals in the mammalian brain provides a mechanism for rapidly controlling or restoring presynaptic proteins that affect neurotransmitter release and presynaptic efficiency.
Natalie Jing Ma, Colin F Hemez ... Farren J Isaacs
Cells resolve unassigned codons with near-cognate suppression, frameshifting, and ribosomal rescue mechanisms, demonstrating that unassigned codons are permissible in both natural and engineered genetic codes as barriers to horizontal gene transfer.
Christopher E Laumer, Harald Gruber-Vodicka ... Gonzalo Giribet
Protein coding genes strongly support a sister group relationship between Placozoa and Cnidaria to the exclusion of Bilateria, contradicting previous phylogenies, which have likely been misled by pervasive compositional heterogeneity.
Giovanna Catavitello, Yury Ivanenko, Francesco Lacquaniti
General principles of the limb segment control for terrestrial locomotion have emerged in evolution and highlight the existence of the laws of biological motion that apply to various animal species.
Lowering endosomal pH through inhibition of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 6 corrects the ApoE4-induced Reelin resistance and restores neuronal glutamate receptor trafficking.
Gavin T Knight, Brady F Lundin ... Randolph Scott Ashton
A bioengineering approach identifies tissue morphology as an effective variable for controlling the inception of neural organoid morphogenesis via induction of a biomimetic, singular neural rosette tissue cytoarchitecture.
Defects in synapse regeneration limit functional circuit recovery after nerve injury by misdirecting information via ectopic dendritic synapses, and also by functional and molecular deficits in reformed axonal synapses.
The evolution of the light-sensitive visual pigment rhodopsin involved functional tradeoffs that may have sacrificed rod photosensitivity for active-state protein stability to mitigate phototoxicity in tetrapods, but not in fishes.
The classical experimental paradigm of "enriched environments" is repositioned as a tool to address the question of how behavioral activity and the environment contribute to specific differences between individuals.
Profiling chromatin accessibility and nuclear transcription across Caenorhabditis elegans development and ageing generated the first map of transcriptional regulatory elements and their activities across an animal's life.
Major secondary tumor suppressors in kidney cancer are required to maintain the activity of a tumor suppressive transcription factor after the loss of the primary tumor suppressor VHL.
Katrin H Preller, Joshua B Burt ... Alan Anticevic
LSD induces a pattern of changed global brain connectivity characterized by hypo-connectivity in associative areas and hyper-connectivity across sensory and somatomotor areas that is dependent on the serotonin 2A receptor.
The learning rate for novel spatial environments in model networks of place cells is determined by the product of the window for plasticity and the auto-correlation of place-cell activity.
Sequential live imaging of abnormal skull bone fusion in zebrafish reveals a deeply conserved role of two transcription factors, Twist1 and Tcf12, in regulating stem cell activity during growth of the skull.
Ziqiang Huang, Houda G Khaled ... Richard HR Hahnloser
Sensory acquisition of a motor target is associated with rapid removal of excitatory synapses and with rapid insertion of inhibitory synapses in the main song control area of songbirds.
Heterogeneous epidermal stem cells define a niche for tactile sensation via providing a unique ECM and tissue architecture for nerves, revealing their new functions in coordinated sensory organ formation.
Combining GABA with fMRI measurements in the human brain uncovers distinct suppression mechanisms that optimize perceptual decisions through learning and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex.
Daniel B Dorman, Joanna Jędrzejewska-Szmek, Kim T Blackwell
Inhibition enhances the spatial specificity of high calcium influx for cooperatively stimulated synapses, suggesting that inhibitory inputs may regulate both synapse-specific and heterosynaptic plasticity to support learning and memory.
Multiple independent analyses reveal that a specific membrane lipid directly interacts with the signalling protein Wingless to promote synapse growth at the Drosophila neuromuscular junctions.
Andrew RG Plackett, Stephanie J Conway ... Verónica S Di Stilio
Transgenic analysis reveals a role for LEAFY in ferns that supports a trajectory from general to floral meristem-specific function as land plants evolved.
Adam B Johnston, Denise M Hilton ... Bruce L Goode
Twinfilin functions as a pro-capping ligand of capping protein, dynamically competing with inhibitory ligands of capping proteinto control cellular actin assembly.
Elizabeth Nicholson, Dmitry A Kuzmin ... Dimitri Michael Kullmann
Neurons can synchronize, supporting flexible communication among brain areas; closed-loop optogenetics allows the frequency and power of population oscillations to be dissociated, providing a tool to interrogate how networks couple.
Ryan T Dosumu-Johnson, Andrea E Cocoran ... Susan M Dymecki
Pet1 neurons actively maintain cardiorespiratory tone and dynamic range in mouse neonates and critically support the recovery response to apneas, informing brain findings in the sudden infant death syndrome.
Cortical oscillations in human MEG are lamina-specific, with low-frequency activity predominating in deep, and high-frequency activity in more superficial layers of sensory and motor cortices.
Alexandra T Keinath, Russell A Epstein, Vijay Balasubramanian
When a familiar environment is reshaped, the grid cell spatial code is dynamically anchored to recently encountered boundaries and changes throughout exploration with the specific movement history of the navigator.
Affinity capture of polyribosomes followed by RNAseq(ACAPSeq) is a technique that harnesses massively parallel sequencing to identify protein-protein interactions from any source from which polyribosomes can be purified.
Yves F Widmer, Cornelia Fritsch ... Simon G Sprecher
The transcription factor CrebB mediates long-term memory formation in different neurons within the mushroom body learning circuit, including mushroom body intrinsic and output neurons but not dopaminergic input neurons.
Serially remembered items are successively reactivated during memory maintenance in the human brain, and replay profiles, temporally compressed and reverse in order, are associated with recency effect in behavioral performance.
Variable petal number in Cardamine hirsuta is explained by regulatory changes in the MADS-box gene APETALA1 that relaxed its epistasis over mapped QTL in the C. hirsuta genome.
Despite size heterogeneity, an epitope-resurfaced mature-form dengue VLP has the potential to induce quaternary structure-recognizing broad cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.
A fast evolutionary approach to engineer membrane protein kinetic stability yields folded excitatory neurotransmitter transporters and provides insights into their denaturing pathway.
Use of experimental manipulation demonstrates that social/solitary feeding behaviors are unrelated to the fitness gains conferred by causative alleles in two previously identified genes.
Daiana A Capdevila, Fidel Huerta ... David P Giedroc
Internal dynamics play a crucial functional role in MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance repressor) proteins and their role reconciles the distinct allosteric mechanisms proposed previously.
Globotriaosylcermide directly impacts neuronal integrity and ion channel function as potential mechanism underlying small fiber pathology in Fabry disease.
Catherine Baranowski, Michael A Welsh ... E Hesper Rego
Polar elongating mycobacteria (Mycobacterium smegmatis) require specific cell wall chemistries, those catalyzed by targets of critical antibiotics, to maintain rod shape at aging sites of the bacillus.
Human gut bacteria alter their metabolism in response to each other's presence, which causes their community dynamics to deviate from predictions that are based on mono-culture data.
Dopamine is able to ensure that neural networks maintain critical features of their output, such as synchrony of neuron firing, by directly increasing coupling strength to ensure robust output is maintained.
Kazunori Yoshizawa, Yoshitaka Kamimura ... Alexander Blanke
The discovery of a biological switching valve provides an example of a mechanism that evolved in nature long before its invention by man and could inspire alternative valve technologies.
Will Putzbach, Ashley Haluck-Kangas ... Marcus E Peter
The mRNA of the apoptosis inducing death ligand CD95L/FasL kills cancer cells through RNAi after conversion into small RNAs that are loaded into the RNA-induced Silencing Complex.
Nicholas Mikolajewicz, Elizabeth A Zimmermann ... Svetlana V Komarova
Bone cells exposed to physiological forces release ATP through repairable membrane injury, generating an intercellular signal that conveys the destructive potential of forces and the adaptive capacity of endangered cells.
The first genomic view of beetle luciferase evolution indicates evolutionary independence of luciferase between fireflies and click-beetles, and provide valuable datasets which will accelerate the discovery of new biotechnological tools.
During tumorigenesis loss of p53 not only abrogates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also suppresses the induction of replication-stress-induced DNA double-stranded breaks.
The evolutionary loss of the main enzyme required for ketone body biosynthesis suggests that alternative strategies to provide energy for large brains during fasting evolved repeatedly in mammals.
Unsupervised cluster analysis identified similar groups of children in different cohorts, with distinct developmental patterns of immunorespiratory health, asthma and allergy.
Éric Martineau, Adriana Di Polo ... Richard Robitaille
Motor axons undergo dynamic branch-specific changes for weeks before complete neuronal degeneration in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, highlighting the importance of peripheral factors, intrinsic and extrinsic to motoneurons.
Laura Vuolo, Nicola L Stevenson ... David J Stephens
Genetic knock-outs of the dynein-2 intermediate chains reveals that both are essential for correct cilia function and transition zone organization, but play different functions in the assembly of dynein-2 motor and in primary cilia formation.
It is technically difficult to identify transport proteins, but here a method is presented that exploits the principle that they are stabilized in detergent solution when they bind their substrate.
Gene expression and epigenetic profiling of defined cell types in the central nervous system of mouse, rat, and human reveals inter-species and inter-individual differences.
By moving from correlations to causality in cancer signal transduction using optogenetics, the sufficiency of RalB activation to trigger invasion and the underlying molecular mechanisms were established.
Hamilton's rule can be violated when costs and benefits of cooperation are defined using the counterfactual method, and when they depend on the cooperation of others.
A genetic screen in combination with biochemical approaches reveal hijacking of the host β-catenin destruction complex by the parasite T. gondii to reprogram immune gene expression.
Ion conduction in the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is directly regulated by calcium, which binds to a site close to the pore thereby shaping the electrostatics at its intracellular entrance.
Mark AG Eldridge, Narihisa Matsumoto ... Barry J Richmond
Bilateral removal of cortical area 'TE' produced deficits in monkeys' ability to discriminate among images with many similar features, whereas removal of subjacent rhinal cortex did not.
Juliane Fischer, Sebastian Y Müller ... Axel A Brakhage
Genome-wide chromatin mapping during bacterial-fungal cocultivation identifies the Myb-like transcription factor BasR as the major regulatory node of bacteria-triggered production of fungal secondary metabolites.
Nathaniel J Miska, Leonidas MA Richter ... Gina G Turrigiano
Sensory deprivation suppresses cortical responsiveness through a selective remodeling of excitatory and inhibitory microcircuit motifs, by simultaneously amplifying feedforward and suppressing feedback excitation.
Non-invasive optogenetic induction of synaptic plasticity revealed that long-term potentiation and long-term depression alter the chances of a synapse to survive the next seven days.
Sophie Croizier, Soyoung Park ... Sebastien G Bouret
Loss miRNA maturation in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons causes metabolic dysregulation and favors the differentiation of Pomc progenitors into neuropeptide Y neurons, a developmental process that appears to specifically involve miR-103/107.
The requirement for WNT signaling in mesendoderm differentiation is temporally separate from that of ACTIVIN signaling and acts to switch the output of ACTIVIN/SMAD2 from pluripotency maintenance to mesendoderm patterning.
The chloroplast 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin is central player and missing link in the chloroplast thiol-disulfide redox regulatory network, and participates in oxidative inactivation of reductively activated enzymes in photosynthesis.
Anika Küken, Frederik Sommer ... Tabea Mettler-Altmann
Mathematical models reveal that under the physiologically different conditions ambient and high CO2, two algal microcompartments are metabolically connected by facilitated transport.
Alexandria H Jaeger, Molly Stanley ... Michael D Gordon
Unlike other taste modalities, the Drosophila taste system encodes salt taste combinatorially across multiple sensory neuron classes, which combine to produce behavioural valence and plasticity.
The rational application of heuristic learning strategies and satisficing goals accounted for near-optimal decisions that combined reward and noisy visual information by well-trained monkeys.
Alexis M Ceasrine, Eugene E Lin ... Rejji Kuruvilla
β2-adrenergic receptors control glucose metabolism by regulating cross-talk between pancreatic islet endocrine cells and vasculature during development.
Catherine A Makarewich, Amir Z Munir ... Eric N Olson
Cardiac-specific overexpression of a recently discovered micropeptide, DWORF, enhances calcium cycling and contractility in the heart and rescues the heart failure phenotype of a genetic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Signals from primate rod photoreceptors do not exhibit the light-level-dependent routing through parallel retinal circuits observed in rodents and often invoked in interpreting psychophysical experiments.
Transgenic animals carrying reconstructed ancestral alleles reveal how two ancient mutations allowed a regulatory protein to evolve a controlling role in embryonic development in flies.
Bram Cerulus, Abbas Jariani ... Kevin J Verstrepen
Live-cell microscopy and genome-wide screens reveal how slow transitions in metabolism can underlie metabolic memory, providing a model for organisms demonstrating similar history-dependent behaviour and routes to improve industrial microbes.
Dynamic control of intrinsic pluripotent multicellular self-organization to yield robust symmetry breaking patterns that recapitulate morphogenic processes associated with developmental events.
Structural and biochemical analyses of BRCT domain interactions defines TOPBP1/Rad4 selectivity for phosphorylated motifs, allowing identification of new interactions, and providing insights into assembly of different TOPBP1-scaffolded DNA repair complexes.
Dopamine neurons make novel glutamatergic connections to striatal cholinergic interneurons in the lateral dorsal striatum that are mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors coupled to TrpC channels.
Arnaud L Lalive, Anthony D Lien ... Anatol C Kreitzer
While the basal ganglia have long been thought to mediate learning through dopamine-dependent striatal plasticity, their regulation of motor thalamus plays an unexpected and critical role in reinforcement.
Kathryn Eaton, Ali Pirani ... Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Editors' Summary: This Replication Study has reproduced some parts of the original paper but it also contains results that are not consistent with other parts of the original paper.
Combining powerful simulation methods uncovers the structural and dynamical changes driving G protein activation in atomic detail, revealing the allosteric network that triggers GDP release and reconciling diverse experimental data.
Chengjie G Huang, Michael G Metzen, Maurice J Chacron
Neurophysiological and behavioral approaches reveal how coordinated input from descending pathways shapes the tuning properties of electrosensory neurons in order to optimize coding of natural stimuli through temporal whitening.
Genetic, structural, and biochemical analyses of IS607-family transposons shows that the DNA translocation reaction proceeds very differently from other reactions promoted by serine recombinases.
Agata Butryn, Stephan Woike ... Karl-Peter Hopfner
The structure of the entire Mot1 Swi2/Snf2 protein uncovers an unexpected auto-inhibited resting state activated by substrate binding, and suggests a DNA pulling mechanism of TBP displacement.
Lena Tveriakhina, Karin Schuster-Gossler ... Achim Gossler
Regions outside the major receptor binding interface of DLL1 and DLL4 contribute to context-dependent divergence of ligand function in vivo and differential Notch1 and Notch2 activation in vitro.
Ablation of the Cdkn1c cell cycle inhibitor leads to defective muscle stem cell dynamics and myogenic potential, while progressive cytoplasmic to nuclear cellular localization of the Cdkn1c protein regulates growth arrest.
A novel B12 containing photoreceptor is synthesized as two different isoforms that interact with the same transcription factor, with one isoform directing activation and the other promoting repression of photosystem synthesis.
Yeast RNA helicase Ded1 stimulates ribosome recruitment of structure-laden native mRNAs in a reconstituted system by interactions between domains in Ded1 and initiation factor eIF4G that stabilizes a Ded1-eIF4F complex.
Christi T Salisbury-Ruf, Clinton C Bertram ... Sandra S Zinkel
An integrative approach, combining genetic mouse and large-scale human genetics studies, was used to reveal a novel role for the Bcl-2 protein Bid in maintenance of mitochondrial function that alters susceptibility to myocardial infarction.
Structure, dynamics, and mutation of a gamete fusion protein and comparisons to viral homologues suggest that after trimerization the domain bearing the membrane-inserting fusion loops can pivot with respect to the trimer 3-fold axis.
Visualization of the type III secretion mediated Salmonella-host cell interface reveals the intact translocon and the profound remodeling of the host membrane at unprecedented resolution.
Meiosis and differentiation of basidium, a defining sexual structure of the phylum Basidiomycota, are genetically integrated by a shared regulatory program to ensure the formation of infectious meiospores in Cryptococcus neoformans.
To regulate DNA copy number during development in Drosophila, the SUUR protein recruits Rif1 to replisomes where Rif1 inhibits replication fork progression, thus controlling copy number independently of origin firing.
Arielle Waldstein Parsons, Tavis Forrester ... Roland Kays
Citizen science camera trapping showing suburban and wild areas maintain similar levels of mammalian diversity and relative abundance, challenging conventional thoughts about the impacts of urbanization on wildlife.
Prahathees J Eswara, Robert S Brzozowski ... Kumaran S Ramamurthi
GpsB in Staphylococcus aureus directly regulates the central cell division protein FtsZ, a different function from that assigned for GpsB in other closely related organisms.
Kristian Parey, Ulrich Brandt ... Volker Zickermann
The site of ubiquinone binding observed in the cryo-EM structure of respiratory complex I during turnover supports a two-state stabilization change mechanism.
Jordan W Squair, Seth Tigchelaar ... Michael A Skinnider
Integrating decades of small-scale experiments with human gene expression data provides a systems-level view of the coordinated molecular processes triggered by spinal cord injury, and their relationship to recovery.
A time-resolved analysis of protein and RNA concentrations and interactions during proteostasis stress highlights the dominant role of translation regulation and a shift of energy metabolism.
Implementing neural changes associated with attention in a deep neural network causes performance changes that mimic those observed in humans and macaques.
