May 2020

Research articles

1. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

   Distinct interactions of eIF4A and eIF4E with RNA helicase Ded1 stimulate translation in vivo

   Suna Gulay, Neha Gupta ... Alan G Hinnebusch

   Interactions of eIF4A and eIF4E with specific amino-acids in the N-terminal domain of DEAD-box helicase Ded1 enhance bulk polysome assembly and translation of reporter mRNAs with structured leaders in vivo.
2. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Conformational distributions of isolated myosin motor domains encode their mechanochemical properties

   Justin R Porter, Artur Meller ... Gregory R Bowman

   Shifts in the balance between nucleotide-favorable and nucleotide-unfavorable conformations of myosin motors encode duty ratios and ADP release rates, demonstrating the power of an ensemble perspective for uncovering sequence-function relationships.
3. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Structure of substrate-bound SMG1-8-9 kinase complex reveals molecular basis for phosphorylation specificity

   Lukas M Langer, Yair Gat ... Elena Conti

   First structural view of a substrate-bound PIKK (PI3K-related-kinase) by cryo-EM explains phosphorylation specificity toward a short amino-acid motif shared across the PIKK family and rationalizes PIKK auto-inhibition by regulatory domain.
4. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Universally high transcript error rates in bacteria

   Weiyi Li, Michael Lynch

   Fundamental details of the rate and molecular spectrum of transcript errors were revealed in four bacterial species, providing novel insights into transcriptional fidelity and RNA quality-control in prokaryotes.
5. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Spatial inter-centromeric interactions facilitated the emergence of evolutionary new centromeres

   Krishnendu Guin, Yao Chen ... Kaustuv Sanyal

   Proximity and homology guided inter-chromosomal translocations drive karyotype evolution.
6. 1. Evolutionary Biology
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Genomic and phenotypic evolution of Escherichia coli in a novel citrate-only resource environment

   Zachary D Blount, Rohan Maddamsetti ... Richard E Lenski

   Transposable elements and gene amplifications can provide variation needed for novel trait refinement and adaptation to new niches, though a recalcitrant organism-environment mismatch may persist.
7. 1. Developmental Biology

   Lin28a/let-7 pathway modulates the Hox code via Polycomb regulation during axial patterning in vertebrates

   Tempei Sato, Kensuke Kataoka ... Hiroshi Asahara

   Genetic analyses reveal that the loss of Lin28a causes axial shortening with mild skeletal transformations via decreased PRC1 at Hox genes, establishing a new pathway in the “Hox code.”.
8. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

   PrkA controls peptidoglycan biosynthesis through the essential phosphorylation of ReoM

   Sabrina Wamp, Zoe J Rutter ... Sven Halbedel

   Analysis of suppressor mutants led to the identification of a novel signalling pathway that regulates peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria.
9. 1. Neuroscience

   Hippocampal and cortical mechanisms at retrieval explain variability in episodic remembering in older adults

   Alexandra N Trelle, Valerie A Carr ... Anthony D Wagner

   The strength of pattern completion during memory retrieval, indexed by hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement, explains within- and across-individual variability in episodic memory in older adults.
10. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Plasmodium falciparum translational machinery condones polyadenosine repeats

    Slavica Pavlovic Djuranovic, Jessey Erath ... Sergej Djuranovic

    Adaptations in protein synthesis and mRNA surveillance machinery enabled the malaria-causing parasite P. falciparum to efficiently and accurately translate long polyA nucleotide runs into long poly-lysine peptides.
11. 1. Medicine

    Knowledge synthesis of 100 million biomedical documents augments the deep expression profiling of coronavirus receptors

    AJ Venkatakrishnan, Arjun Puranik ... Venky Soundararajan

    SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is expressed in nasal olfactory epithelia, tongue keratinocytes and small intestine enterocytes, connected with the COVID-19 patient phenotypes such as anosmia and diarrhea.
12. 1. Neuroscience

    Apical length governs computational diversity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons

    Alessandro R Galloni, Aeron Laffere, Ede Rancz

    Layer 5 pyramidal neurons vary substantially in dendritic excitability between primary and secondary visual cortex, likely due to a counterintuitive amplifying effect of long apical dendrites.
13. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Phagocytic glia are obligatory intermediates in transmission of mutant huntingtin aggregates across neuronal synapses

    Kirby M Donnelly, Olivia R DeLorenzo ... Margaret M Panning Pearce

    Prion-like transfer of mutant huntingtin aggregates from presynaptic to postsynaptic neurons is enhanced by neuronal silencing and requires passage through the cytoplasm of Draper-expressing phagocytic glia in adult Drosophila brains.
14. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Distinct mitochondrial defects trigger the integrated stress response depending on the metabolic state of the cell

    Eran Mick, Denis V Titov ... Vamsi K Mootha

    Mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction triggers the integrated stress response due to an asparagine deficiency downstream of impaired NADH oxidation in proliferating myoblasts, but not in differentiated myotubes.
15. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Integrative analysis of large-scale loss-of-function screens identifies robust cancer-associated genetic interactions

    Christopher J Lord, Niall Quinn, Colm J Ryan

    Computational approach to identify reproducible genetic interactions in cancer reveals that they are enriched among protein–protein interaction pairs.
16. 1. Neuroscience

    TUBB4A mutations result in both glial and neuronal degeneration in an H-ABC leukodystrophy mouse model

    Sunetra Sase, Akshata A Almad ... Adeline Vanderver

    H-ABC leukodystrophy results in neurologic decline, hypomyelination and atrophy of the striatum and cerebellum and Tubb4a^D249N/D249Nmouse model recapitulates features of H-ABC disease, providing an important tool for therapeutic development.
17. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Genomic innovation of ATD alleviates mistranslation associated with multicellularity in Animalia

    Santosh Kumar Kuncha, Vinitha Lakshmi Venkadasamy ... Rajan Sankaranarayanan

    Identification of a two-tier functional redundancy to combat proteostasis imbalance induced due to tRNA expansion and oxidative stress in multicellular animals.
18. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    True S-cones are concentrated in the ventral mouse retina and wired for color detection in the upper visual field

    Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás, Vincent P Kunze ... Wei Li

    Unique 'true' S-cone and S-cone bipolar cell distribution patterns in the mouse retina are previously unappreciated anatomical features that support enhanced short-wavelength signaling for color detection above horizon.
19. 1. Plant Biology

    FRET kinase sensor development reveals SnRK2/OST1 activation by ABA but not by MeJA and high CO₂ during stomatal closure

    Li Zhang, Yohei Takahashi ... Julian I Schroeder

    Development of a real-time SnRK2 kinase FRET reporter reveals rapid SnRK2 activation by ABA, but not by Methyl-Jasmonate or elevated CO2, while directly demonstrating basal SnRK2 activity in guard cells.
20. 1. Developmental Biology

    MicroRNA-934 is a novel primate-specific small non-coding RNA with neurogenic function during early development

    Kanella Prodromidou, Ioannis S Vlachos ... Rebecca Matsas

    Primate-specific miR-934 mediates neurogenesis and downstream neuronal differentiation processes, modulating the expression of genes associated with the subplate, a region most prominent in primates, emerging during early cortical development.
21. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Characterization of the kinetic cycle of an ABC transporter by single-molecule and cryo-EM analyses

    Ling Wang, Zachary Lee Johnson ... Shixin Liu

    The conformational dynamics of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) are tracked in real time by single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments, which elucidate the rate-limiting mechanism of MRP1's transport cycle.
22. 1. Neuroscience

    Remyelination alters the pattern of myelin in the cerebral cortex

    Jennifer Orthmann-Murphy, Cody L Call ... Dwight E Bergles

    Regeneration of oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex results in reorganization of the pattern of myelination, potentially impacting information processing within cortical networks in diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
23. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Transgenesis and web resources in quail

    Olivier Serralbo, David Salgado ... Christophe Marcelle

    Transfection of quail primordial germ cells considerably expands the possibilities of genome modifications in birds, elevating the quail to the rank of genetic laboratory animal models of reference.
24. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural insights into sodium transport by the oxaloacetate decarboxylase sodium pump

    Xin Xu, Huigang Shi ... Song Xiang

    The structure of the membrane-integrated components of a unique substrate decarboxylation-driven primary-active sodium pump provides insights into its transport mechanism.
25. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The architecture of EMC reveals a path for membrane protein insertion

    John P O'Donnell, Ben P Phillips ... Ramanujan S Hegde

    Structural and biochemical analysis of an abundant and conserved protein complex called EMC shows how it is likely to insert nascent membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
26. 1. Neuroscience

    Distinct spatiotemporal mechanisms underlie extra-classical receptive field modulation in macaque V1 microcircuits

    Christopher A Henry, Mehrdad Jazayeri ... Michael J Hawken

    The multiple component mechanisms of extra-classical receptive field modulation, with distinct dynamics, discovered in the monkey visual cortex have important implications for understanding contextual perceptual processing.
27. 1. Neuroscience

    Epigenetic inheritance of circadian period in clonal cells

    Yan Li, Yongli Shan ... Joseph S Takahashi

    Global changes in gene expression associated with differential DNA methylation underlie epigenetic inheritance of circadian periodicity in cells.
28. 1. Cell Biology

    Cortical bone maturation in mice requires SOCS3 suppression of gp130/STAT3 signalling in osteocytes

    Emma C Walker, Kim Truong ... Natalie A Sims

    Targeted SOCS3 null mice reveal that maturation of cortical bone comprises both pore closure and accumulation of high density bone, requiring local suppression of gp130-STAT3 in osteocytes and subsequent osteoclastogenesis.
29. 1. Neuroscience

    Fast and reversible neural inactivation in macaque cortex by optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons

    Abhishek De, Yasmine El-Shamayleh, Gregory D Horwitz

    Optogenetic activation of cortical GABAergic cells in macaques yields robust and reversible behavioral deficits.
30. 1. Neuroscience

    Paranoia as a deficit in non-social belief updating

    Erin J Reed, Stefan Uddenberg ... Philip R Corlett

    Paranoia is underwritten by variation in prior beliefs about how the world will change and how to learn from those changes.
31. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Medicine

    SARS-CoV-2 strategically mimics proteolytic activation of human ENaC

    Praveen Anand, Arjun Puranik ... Venky Soundararajan

    SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to cleverly mimic the FURIN-cleavage site in human ENaC-α, unlike any prior coronavirus strain, shedding new light on the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients.
32. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Nuclei determine the spatial origin of mitotic waves

    Felix E Nolet, Alexandra Vandervelde ... Lendert Gelens

    Nuclei and spatial system dimensions control local concentrations of cell cycle regulators, determining the spatial origin of waves that coordinate​ DNA replication and, subsequently, cell division.
33. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved determinant of chordate dorsal organizer

    Iryna Kozmikova, Zbynek Kozmik

    Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is essential for the specification of dorsal cell fate in amphioxus, suggesting a common evolutionary origin for the formation of the dorsal organizer in chordates.
34. 1. Neuroscience

    AMPAR/TARP stoichiometry differentially modulates channel properties

    Federico Miguez-Cabello, Nuria Sánchez-Fernández ... David Soto

    A variable number of auxiliary subunit molecules (TARPs) accompanying AMPARs have a differential impact on channel behavior showing also striking differences between AMPAR subtypes.
35. 1. Developmental Biology

    Sox8 and Sox9 act redundantly for ovarian-to-testicular fate reprogramming in the absence of R-spondin1 in mouse sex reversals

    Nainoa Richardson, Isabelle Gillot ... Marie-Christine Chaboissier

    Sox8 can induce female-to-male sex reversal of the R-spondin1 loss-of-function mouse mutants in the absence of Sox9..
36. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Presynaptic APP levels and synaptic homeostasis are regulated by Akt phosphorylation of huntingtin

    Julie Bruyère, Yah-Se Abada ... Frédéric Saudou

    Reducing Akt-mediated huntingtin phosphorylation decreases APP accumulation at the synapse by reducing its anterograde axonal transport and ameliorates learning and memory in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer disease.
37. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Signaling diversity enabled by Rap1-regulated plasma membrane ERK with distinct temporal dynamics

    Jeremiah Keyes, Ambhighainath Ganesan ... Jin Zhang

    An individual extracellular signal regulates multiple cellular actions through differences in the temporal dynamics of spatially distinct populations of the central signaling enzyme, extracellular-signal regulated kinase.
38. 1. Cell Biology

    Limitation of adipose tissue by the number of embryonic progenitor cells

    Kristina Hedbacker, Yi-Hsueh Lu ... Jeffrey M Friedman

    The size of subcutaneous, but not visceral, fat depots is dependent on the number of embryonic adipocyte progenitors.
39. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Regulation of nerve growth and patterning by cell surface protein disulphide isomerase

    Geoffrey MW Cook, Catia Sousa ... Roger J Keynes

    The nerve growth-repellent activity that generates spinal nerve repeat-patterning in birds and mammals is identified at the molecular level, and a similar system is revealed in adult brain grey matter.
40. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Medicine

    Estimates of the global burden of Japanese encephalitis and the impact of vaccination from 2000-2015

    Tran Minh Quan, Tran Thi Nhu Thao ... Hannah Clapham

    Modelling analysis reveals the burden of Japanese Encephalitis is greater than previously thought, and although vaccination has reduced burden, there are remaining places with a great need for vaccination.
41. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Type I interferon underlies severe disease associated with Junín virus infection in mice

    Brady T Hickerson, Eric J Sefing ... Brian B Gowen

    The first lethal Junín virus challenge model in immunocompetent mice provides insight into New World mammarenavirus pathogenesis and will serve as a model for the development of much-needed therapeutic interventions.
42. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    TANGO1 membrane helices create a lipid diffusion barrier at curved membranes

    Ishier Raote, Andreas M Ernst ... Vivek Malhotra

    TANGO1 creates a barrier to control lipid and protein flux across fused secretory compartments.
43. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Maf and Mafb control mouse pallial interneuron fate and maturation through neuropsychiatric disease gene regulation

    Emily Ling-Lin Pai, Jin Chen ... John LR Rubenstein

    Maf and Mafb differentially regulate MGE-derived cortical and hippocampal interneuron subtype and regional fate in part through promoting the expression of Mef2c and Pnoc during mouse embryonic neurogenesis.
44. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    HIV efficiently infects T cells from the endometrium and remodels them to promote systemic viral spread

    Tongcui Ma, Xiaoyu Luo ... Nadia R Roan

    CD4+ T cells from the female reproductive tract are unusually susceptible to HIV infection and are altered by HIV in ways that promote survival and systemic spread of the virus.
45. 1. Neuroscience

    Differences in reward biased spatial representations in the lateral septum and hippocampus

    Hannah S Wirtshafter, Matthew A Wilson

    Reward-related spatial information is preferentially represented in the lateral septum compared to the hippocampus and may be used downstream to direct the animal to rewarded locations.
46. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A molecular filter for the cnidarian stinging response

    Keiko Weir, Christophe Dupre ... Nicholas W Bellono

    Cnidarian stinging cells use a specialized voltage-gated calcium channel to integrate distinct sensory signals and selectively trigger a predatory response.
47. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Plant Biology

    Oomycete small RNAs bind to the plant RNA-induced silencing complex for virulence

    Florian Dunker, Adriana Trutzenberg ... Arne Weiberg

    Small RNAs of distantly related plant pathogens, such as fungi and oomycetes, hijack the plant RNA-induced silencing complex to favor host infection.
48. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Identification of a super-functional Tfh-like subpopulation in murine lupus by pattern perception

    Stefanie Gryzik, Yen Hoang ... Ria Baumgrass

    A novel binning approach provides evidence for super-functional T cells with high activation potential and which exhibit Tfh-like functionalities and can help B cells.
49. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Parallel CRISPR-Cas9 screens clarify impacts of p53 on screen performance

    Anne Ramsay Bowden, David A Morales-Juarez ... Stephen P Jackson

    The protein p53 negatively impacts the ability of a CRISPR screen to discriminate between essential and non-essential genes, hence, p53 status should be considered in these screens.
50. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Measuring ligand-cell surface receptor affinities with axial line-scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

    Antonia Franziska Eckert, Peng Gao ... Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus

    A robust fluorescence microscopy-based data acquisition and analysis framework affords the precise measurement of cell surface receptor affinities toward their cognate ligands and their densities in live cells/tissues.
51. 1. Cell Biology

    A viral fusogen hijacks the actin cytoskeleton to drive cell-cell fusion

    Ka Man Carmen Chan, Sungmin Son ... Daniel A Fletcher

    A viral fusogen drives cell-cell fusion by hijacking the actin machinery to directly couple actin assembly with a short fusogenic ectodomain.
52. 1. Medicine
    2. Neuroscience

    Aberrant subchondral osteoblastic metabolism modifies Na_V1.8 for osteoarthritis

    Jianxi Zhu, Gehua Zhen ... Xu Cao

    Osteoblastic PGE2 induces pain and OA progression by Na_V1.8 modification and serves as a potential target multiple skeletal pain and degenerations.
53. 1. Ecology

    A moth odorant receptor highly expressed in the ovipositor is involved in detecting host-plant volatiles

    Rui-Ting Li, Ling-Qiao Huang ... Chen-Zhu Wang

    A moth can detect plant volatiles using an odorant receptor expressing in its ovipositor, and this odorant receptor has a much higher expression level in the ovipositor than antennae.
54. 1. Neuroscience

    Axon-dependent expression of YAP/TAZ mediates Schwann cell remyelination but not proliferation after nerve injury

    Matthew Grove, Hyunkyoung Lee ... Young-Jin Son

    YAP and TAZ, potent concoproteins and therapeutic targets in cancer therapy, are essential for Schwann cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration.
55. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    R-spondins engage heparan sulfate proteoglycans to potentiate WNT signaling

    Ramin Dubey, Peter van Kerkhof ... Rajat Rohatgi

    Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans function as receptors for the R-spondins, a family of growth factors that amplify the strength of WNT signaling during development and in adult stem cells.
56. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cancer Biology

    Identification of a novel toxicophore in anti-cancer chemotherapeutics that targets mitochondrial respiratory complex I

    Zoe A Stephenson, Robert F Harvey ... Anne E Willis

    A novel toxicophore, a 1H-1,2,3-triazole, has been identified in a wide-number of therapeutically-relevant compounds, including two anti-cancer chemotherapeutics, which inhibits mitochondria function and is mechanistically linked to adverse cardiac-cell events.
57. 1. Neuroscience

    Mechanisms of competitive selection: A canonical neural circuit framework

    Shreesh P Mysore, Ninad B Kothari

    A first principles, neuro-computational framework proposes a path for the experimental dissection of neural circuit mechanisms of competitive selection across brain areas and animal species.
58. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Translational control of one-carbon metabolism underpins ribosomal protein phenotypes in cell division and longevity

    Nairita Maitra, Chong He ... Michael Polymenis

    Extensive molecular profiling shows how loss of highly similar, paralogous ribosomal proteins lead to distinct phenotypic outputs, through translational control of specific mRNAs.
59. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Slightly beneficial genes are retained by bacteria evolving DNA uptake despite selfish elements

    Bram van Dijk, Paulien Hogeweg ... Nobuto Takeuchi

    Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) helps slightly beneficial genes persist in microbial populations, incentivising cells to invest in costly DNA uptake, even in the presence of harmful selfish genetic elements.
60. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Drosophila SWR1 and NuA4 complexes are defined by DOMINO isoforms

    Alessandro Scacchetti, Tamas Schauer ... Peter B Becker

    Alternative splicing of a single gene generates functional diversity amongst chromatin regulators.
61. 1. Neuroscience

    Pull-push neuromodulation of cortical plasticity enables rapid bi-directional shifts in ocular dominance

    Su Z Hong, Shiyong Huang ... Alfredo Kirkwood

    Neuromodulation of the expression of Hebbian plasticity enables rapid cortical sensory-induced remodeling in post-critical period adults, and can rescue deficits induced by prolonged sensory deprivation.
62. 1. Neuroscience

    Gain of channel function and modified gating properties in TRPM3 mutants causing intellectual disability and epilepsy

    Evelien Van Hoeymissen, Katharina Held ... Joris Vriens

    Two mutations in TRPM3 resulting in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies result in a gain-of-channel function, which may lie at the basis of epileptic activity and neurodevelopmental symptoms in the patients.
63. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    mRNA stem-loops can pause the ribosome by hindering A-site tRNA binding

    Chen Bao, Sarah Loerch ... Dmitri N Ermolenko

    By sterically hindering tRNA binding and inhibiting translation elongation, mRNA stem-loops can modulate gene expression.
64. 1. Neuroscience

    Combining magnetoencephalography with magnetic resonance imaging enhances learning of surrogate-biomarkers

    Denis A Engemann, Oleh Kozynets ... Alexandre Gramfort

    Predicting age jointly from multimodal brain images and electrophysiology with machine learning enhances detecting health issues and facets of cognitive decline.
65. 1. Neuroscience

    SpikeForest, reproducible web-facing ground-truth validation of automated neural spike sorters

    Jeremy Magland, James J Jun ... Alex H Barnett

    Ten popular spike sorting codes are reproducibly benchmarked for accuracy on electrophysiology datasets from eleven laboratories with interactive web-based exploration of thousands of ground-truth units.
66. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Heterogeneous T cell motility behaviors emerge from a coupling between speed and turning in vivo

    Elizabeth R Jerison, Stephen R Quake

    Motile interstitial T cells in live zebrafish access a broad range of length-scales due to long-lived cell-intrinsic variation in speed, and a coupling between speed and directional persistence.
67. 1. Neuroscience

    Alterations in the amplitude and burst rate of beta oscillations impair reward-dependent motor learning in anxiety

    Sebastian Sporn, Thomas Hein, Maria Herrojo Ruiz

    State anxiety alters the dynamics of beta oscillations during reward-dependent motor learning, thereby impairing proper updating of motor predictions when learning in unstable environments.
68. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Opposing p53 and mTOR/AKT promote an in vivo switch from apoptosis to senescence upon telomere shortening in zebrafish

    Mounir El Maï, Marta Marzullo ... Miguel Godinho Ferreira

    Telomere shortening with age promotes a switch from p53-dependent apoptosis to senescence prompted by tissue damage that triggers conflicting mTOR/AKT signalling, lower OxPhos defences and ROS, mitochondria dysfunction and senescence.
69. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Predictable properties of fitness landscapes induced by adaptational tradeoffs

    Suman G Das, Susana OL Direito ... Joachim Krug

    Adaptational tradeoffs constrain the evolutionary pathways towards antimicrobial resistance, but highly fit mutants are nevertheless likely to arise at any concentration of the drug.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    Acetylcholine acts on songbird premotor circuitry to invigorate vocal output

    Paul I Jaffe, Michael S Brainard

    The neuromodulator acetylcholine contributes to state-dependent modulation of motor vigor and variability by direct action on songbird premotor cortex, bypassing basal ganglia circuitry.
71. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Low FoxO expression in Drosophila somatosensory neurons protects dendrite growth under nutrient restriction

    Amy R Poe, Yineng Xu ... Chun Han

    The development of Drosophila somatosensory neurons is spared under nutrient deficiency so that they grow more dendrites and make animals more sensitive to environmental stimuli.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    β spectrin-dependent and domain specific mechanisms for Na⁺ channel clustering

    Cheng-Hsin Liu, Ryan Seo ... Matthew N Rasband

    β4 spectrin is required to maintain Na+ channels at the axon initial segment since, unlike nodes of Ranvier, β1 spectrin cannot substitute.
73. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    CytoCensus, mapping cell identity and division in tissues and organs using machine learning

    Martin Hailstone, Dominic Waithe ... Ilan Davis

    Easy-to-use image analysis software enables single cell quantitation of cell types and division rates in complex 3D tissues including living Drosophila brains, mouse embryos and Zebrafish organoids.
74. 1. Cell Biology

    Apolipoprotein L-1 renal risk variants form active channels at the plasma membrane driving cytotoxicity

    Joseph A Giovinazzo, Russell P Thomson ... Ryan Schreiner

    Cytotoxicity associated with APOL1 renal-risk variants occurs through its plasma-membrane localization, where aberrant channel activity drives a sustained sodium and calcium influx leading to cell swelling and eventually cell death.
75. 1. Ecology

    Rarity is a more reliable indicator of land-use impacts on soil invertebrate communities than other diversity metrics

    Andrew Dopheide, Andreas Makiola ... Ian A Dickie

    Rarity metrics reveal pervasive negative impacts of agricultural land use on soil invertebrate communities, whereas widely-used richness and diversity metrics underestimate the magnitude of these impacts.
76. 1. Neuroscience

    Long-term implicit memory for sequential auditory patterns in humans

    Roberta Bianco, Peter MC Harrison ... Maria Chait

    Human listeners rapidly form robust, long lasting (up to 7 weeks) memories of rarely encountered, featureless sound sequences presented among many similar stimuli.
77. 1. Neuroscience

    Retrieval practice facilitates memory updating by enhancing and differentiating medial prefrontal cortex representations

    Zhifang Ye, Liang Shi ... Gui Xue

    Retrieval practice strongly engages the medial prefrontal cortex to integrate and differentiate memory representations, resulting in more effective memory updating.
78. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    ER-luminal [Ca²⁺] regulation of InsP₃ receptor gating mediated by an ER-luminal peripheral Ca²⁺-binding protein

    Horia Vais, Min Wang ... Don-On Daniel Mak

    Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum through the IP₃ receptor ion channel is strongly regulated by a calcium-binding protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
79. 1. Neuroscience

    Pupil diameter encodes the idiosyncratic, cognitive complexity of belief updating

    Alexandre LS Filipowicz, Christopher M Glaze ... Joshua I Gold

    Pupil-linked arousal dynamics are influenced more strongly by high-level internal belief states than by low-level sensory events during decision-making.
80. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Transverse sinus injections drive robust whole-brain expression of transgenes

    Ali S Hamodi, Aude Martinez Sabino ... Michael C Crair

    A new viral injection method targets the transverse sinuses to achieve robust whole-brain delivery of single or multiple genes in multiple mammalian species early in development.
81. 1. Neuroscience

    Complexity of frequency receptive fields predicts tonotopic variability across species

    Quentin Gaucher, Mariangela Panniello ... Kerry MM Walker

    The A1 of ferrets and mice show similar tonotopic organizations, with neurons preferring a single frequency being more precisely organized into a tonotopic map than multipeaked neurons.
82. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Stochastic bond dynamics facilitates alignment of malaria parasite at erythrocyte membrane upon invasion

    Sebastian Hillringhaus, Anil K Dasanna ... Dmitry A Fedosov

    The bond-based adhesion model is a key step toward a realistic description of RBC-parasite interaction, which allows the investigation of more realistic scenarios and is relevant for other biological systems.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    Noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus to the amygdala constrain fear memory reconsolidation

    Josué Haubrich, Matteo Bernabo, Karim Nader

    The overactivation of noradrenergic inputs to the amygdala during severe fear learning increases memory stability at the expense of lability, rendering the trace resistant to memory destabilization and reconsolidation.
84. 1. Neuroscience

    MeCP2 in cholinergic interneurons of nucleus accumbens regulates fear learning

    Ying Zhang, Yi Zhu ... Xiao-Ming Li

    Robust fear learning deficits and decreased tonic activity of NAc cholinergic interneurons caused by depletion of MeCP2 could be attributed to an elevation in α2-containing GABA_A receptors.
85. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A helminth-derived suppressor of ST2 blocks allergic responses

    Francesco Vacca, Caroline Chauché ... Henry J McSorley

    HpBARI is a protein secreted by a parasitic helminth, which binds to and blocks the IL-33 receptor, suppressing IL-33-dependent type 2 immune responses.
86. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A new protocol for single-cell RNA-seq reveals stochastic gene expression during lag phase in budding yeast

    Abbas Jariani, Lieselotte Vermeersch ... Kevin J Verstrepen

    A new high-throughput method for single-cell RNA-seq in yeast cells shows how stochastic expression of glucose-repressed genes contributes to cell-to-cell differences during adaptation to an environmental change.
87. 1. Neuroscience

    Automated task training and longitudinal monitoring of mouse mesoscale cortical circuits using home cages

    Timothy H Murphy, Nicholas J Michelson ... Jeff M LeDue

    A new methodology and protocol use automated brain imaging and task training technology to probe links between behavior and mouse cortical circuits.
88. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Stimulation strength controls the rate of initiation but not the molecular organisation of TCR-induced signalling

    Claire Y Ma, John C Marioni ... Arianne C Richard

    The strength of TCR signalling determines the rate at which cells initiate a tightly coordinated signalling programme, without altering its organization.
89. 1. Medicine
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by proteome-wide PhIP-Seq

    Sara E Vazquez, Elise MN Ferré ... Mark S Anderson

    Humans with mutations in the AIRE gene exhibit common autoantibodies targeting ovarian and intestinal antigens, including intestinal dysfunction-associated antibodies to enteroendocrine transcription factor RFX6.
90. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Inter-domain dynamics drive cholesterol transport by NPC1 and NPC1L1 proteins

    Piyali Saha, Justin L Shumate ... Suzanne R Pfeffer

    Molecular analysis of cholesterol transport by NPC1 and NPC1L1 proteins reveals that cholesterol likely moves through these transporters, and ezetimibe blocks NPC1L1 by binding at the interface between multiple domains.
91. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Efficient targeted integration directed by short homology in zebrafish and mammalian cells

    Wesley A Wierson, Jordan M Welker ... Jeffrey Essner

    Short homology arms exposed by CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage can target integration at genomic CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites at high frequencies with reproducible precision using pGTag vectors in zebrafish and mammalian cells.
92. 1. Neuroscience

    Connectomic analysis reveals an interneuron with an integral role in the retinal circuit for night vision

    Silvia JH Park, Evan E Lieberman ... Joshua H Singer

    Anatomical and physiological analyses identified an inhibitory interneuron that is an integral part of the rod bipolar cell pathway, the circuit for night vision, of the mammalian retina.
93. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Reconstitution reveals two paths of force transmission through the kinetochore

    Grace E Hamilton, Luke A Helgeson ... Trisha N Davis

    Two components of the inner kinetochore (OA and Mif2) are independently capable of transmitting physiologically relevant forces to a centromeric nucleosome.
94. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Single-cell transcriptome reveals the novel role of T-bet in suppressing the immature NK gene signature

    Chao Yang, Jason R Siebert ... Subramaniam Malarkannan

    T-bet suppresses the expression of immature NK cell-defining genes.
95. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    ODELAM, rapid sequence-independent detection of drug resistance in isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Thurston Herricks, Magdalena Donczew ... John D Aitchison

    Time-lapse live cell imaging of single Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli growing into small colonies enables their rapid phenotypic characterization including anti-microbial resistance and heteroresistance in clinical isolates.
96. 1. Neuroscience

    Spontaneous and evoked neurotransmission are partially segregated at inhibitory synapses

    Patricia M Horvath, Michelle K Piazza ... Ege T Kavalali

    GABAergic postsynaptic responses mediated by spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release are partially segregated, suggesting they may serve distinct roles in neuronal signaling.
97. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Synergistic roles of Synaptotagmin-1 and complexin in calcium-regulated neuronal exocytosis

    Sathish Ramakrishnan, Manindra Bera ... Shyam S Krishnakumar

    Cooperative action of synaptotagmin and complexin is needed to arrest all SNARE complexes on a vesicle, and the reversal of the synaptotagmin clamp is sufficient to achieve fast, Ca²⁺-synchronized fusion.
98. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Novel insights into breast cancer copy number genetic heterogeneity revealed by single-cell genome sequencing

    Timour Baslan, Jude Kendall ... James Hicks

    Copy number alteration heterogeneity exists in many shapes and forms in breast cancer genomes and single-cell genomics is a powerful tool to further our understanding of its nature and significance.
99. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Dissecting the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of mouse inflammatory osteoclasts by the expression of Cx3cr1

    Maria-Bernadette Madel, Lidia Ibáñez ... Claudine Blin-Wakkach

    Osteoclasts emerging in inflammation are heterogeneous and encompass a strongly inflammatory subset with a high resorbing activity and an immune suppressive subset that are able to control each other.
100. 1. Neuroscience

     A critical re-evaluation of fMRI signatures of motor sequence learning

     Eva Berlot, Nicola J Popp, Jörn Diedrichsen

     A systematic assessment of previously proposed fMRI metrics of motor sequence learning reveals widespread activity reductions and subtle multivariate pattern changes outside of primary motor cortex.
101. 1. Neuroscience

     Synergism of type 1 metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in cerebellar molecular layer interneurons in vivo

     Jin Bao, Michael Graupner ... Isabel Llano

     During parallel fibre activity in vivo, postsynaptic mGluR1 receptors in molecular layer interneurons of the cerebellar cortex are engaged in a frequency-dependent manner and in concert with inotropic glutamate receptors.
102. 1. Cell Biology

     Bmal1 integrates mitochondrial metabolism and macrophage activation

     Ryan K Alexander, Yae-Huei Liou ... Chih-Hao Lee

     Macrophage Bmal1 controls the timing of the glycolytic to oxidative metabolism transition that dictates the extent of Hif-1a activation and the associated inflammatory response.
103. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon

     Howard Choi, Deborah Simpson ... Chavaunne T Thorpe

     Metabolic labelling reveals complex proteome dynamics in tendon, with faster turnover of proteins in the glycoprotein-rich interfascicular matrix compared to the collagen-rich fascicular matrix.
104. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Tgfb3 collaborates with PP2A and notch signaling pathways to inhibit retina regeneration

     Mi-Sun Lee, Jin Wan, Daniel Goldman

     Tgfb3 inhibits Muller glial cell reprogramming and drives Muller cell quiescence in the injured zebrafish retina, thereby inhibiting retina regeneration.
105. 1. Cell Biology

     Intelligent classification of platelet aggregates by agonist type

     Yuqi Zhou, Atsushi Yasumoto ... Keisuke Goda

     An intelligent method is developed to morphologically classify platelet aggregates by agonist type, which potentially opens a window on novel clinical diagnostics and therapeutics of thrombotic disorders.
106. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Local emergence in Amazonia of Plasmodium falciparum k13 C580Y mutants associated with in vitro artemisinin resistance

     Luana C Mathieu, Horace Cox ... Lise Musset

     The de novo selection of a mutation responsible for Plasmodium falciparum in vitro artemisinin resistance is confirmed in Guyana, making artemisinin combination therapies vulnerable to complete resistance in this region.
107. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     A single-cell survey of Drosophila blood

     Sudhir Gopal Tattikota, Bumsik Cho ... Norbert Perrimon

     Single-cell RNA sequencing of Drosophila hemocytes in blood distinguishes various states within known blood cell types and implicates a novel role for fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in inter-hemocyte crosstalk.
108. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Cohesin and condensin extrude DNA loops in a cell cycle-dependent manner

     Stefan Golfier, Thomas Quail ... Jan Brugués

     Reconstitution of DNA loop extrusion in cellular contexts using Xenopus egg extracts shows that condensin extrudes DNA loops non-symmetrically in metaphase, whereas cohesin extrudes DNA loops symmetrically in interphase.
109. 1. Ecology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Ant collective cognition allows for efficient navigation through disordered environments

     Aviram Gelblum, Ehud Fonio ... Ofer Feinerman

     When real ants confront the classical 'Ant-in-a-labyrinth' physics problem where a random walker traverses a percolated environment, they employ active extended sensing and collective cognition to outperform passive physical solutions.
110. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Adult chondrogenesis and spontaneous cartilage repair in the skate, Leucoraja erinacea

     Aleksandra Marconi, Amy Hancock-Ronemus, J Andrew Gillis

     The ability of cartilaginous fishes to generate new cartilage through adulthood, and to spontaneously repair damaged cartilage, could shed light on novel cell-based therapies for cartilage injury in mammals.
111. 1. Developmental Biology

     A mammalian Wnt5a–Ror2–Vangl2 axis controls the cytoskeleton and confers cellular properties required for alveologenesis

     Kuan Zhang, Erica Yao ... Pao-Tien Chuang

     Regulation of cellular properties such as ligand secretion and migratory ability through changes in the cytoskeleton mediated by a Wnt5a–Ror2–Vangl2 axis is a major determinant of alveolar formation.
112. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     IP₃ mediated global Ca²⁺ signals arise through two temporally and spatially distinct modes of Ca²⁺ release

     Jeffrey T Lock, Ian Parker

     Cell-wide Ca²⁺ signals that regulate numerous cellular functions comprise dual Ca²⁺ release modes through IP₃ receptors, punctate transients mediated by clustered receptors and spatiotemporally diffuse release through functionally distinct receptors.
113. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Insights into herpesvirus assembly from the structure of the pUL7:pUL51 complex

     Benjamin G Butt, Danielle J Owen ... Stephen C Graham

     A conserved viral protein complex that promotes membrane wrapping of nascent herpesvirus particles shows structural similarity to cellular membrane-remodelling proteins, suggesting functional mimicry.
114. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     AirID, a novel proximity biotinylation enzyme, for analysis of protein–protein interactions

     Kohki Kido, Satoshi Yamanaka ... Tatsuya Sawasaki

     AirID provides highly interaction-dependent biotinylation for analysis of protein–protein interaction.
115. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Mechanics and kinetics of dynamic instability

     Thomas CT Michaels, Shuo Feng ... L Mahadevan

     A theoretical framework for the growth of microtubules quantifies the roles of geometry, mechanics, kinetics and randomness and provides a phase diagram for dynamic instability in these self-assembled polymers.
116. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Neuroscience

     Circulating myeloid cells invade the central nervous system to mediate cachexia during pancreatic cancer

     Kevin G Burfeind, Xinxia Zhu ... Daniel L Marks

     Circulating myeloid cells invade the brain during pancreatic cancer, where they accumulate at a unique central nervous system interface and drive anorexia and muscle catabolism.
117. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     A conserved and regulated mechanism drives endosomal Rab transition

     Lars Langemeyer, Ann-Christin Borchers ... Christian Ungermann

     Reconstitution of the endosomal Rab cascade reveals that Rab5 binds and activates the Mon1-Ccz1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which in turn recruits Rab7 to membranes to drive fusion.
118. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     Linker histone H1.2 and H1.4 affect the neutrophil lineage determination

     Gabriel Sollberger, Robert Streeck ... Arturo Zychlinsky

     Linker histones affect the lineage determination of granulocyte precursor cells via regulation of the transcription factor GATA-2.
119. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Temporal transcription factors determine circuit membership by permanently altering motor neuron-to-muscle synaptic partnerships

     Julia L Meng, Yupu Wang ... Ellie S Heckscher

     Acting in neuronal stem cells, temporal transcription factors, as a class of molecules, are uniquely potent determinants of circuit membership that establish expected patterns of wiring in the motor system.
120. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Medicine

     Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission

     Lucy Rivett, Sushmita Sridhar ... Michael P Weekes

     3% of >1,000 asymptomatic healthcare workers in their workplace tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that comprehensive screening programmes are vital to prevent acquisition of COVID-19 in hospitals.
121. 1. Neuroscience

     Synergistic actions of v-SNARE transmembrane domains and membrane-curvature modifying lipids in neurotransmitter release

     Madhurima Dhara, Maria Mantero Martinez ... Dieter Bruns

     Naturally-occurring v-SNARE TMD variants differentially regulate fusion pore dynamics and cooperate with phospholipids in supporting membrane curvature at the fusion pore neck.
122. 1. Cell Biology

     Loss of Ena/VASP interferes with lamellipodium architecture, motility and integrin-dependent adhesion

     Julia Damiano-Guercio, Laëtitia Kurzawa ... Jan Faix

     Ena/VASP proteins act as positive regulators of cell motility and are required for the formation of microspikes, as opposed to filopodia that can arise from distinct molecular mechanisms.
123. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     Genetic transformation of Spizellomyces punctatus, a resource for studying chytrid biology and evolutionary cell biology

     Edgar M Medina, Kristyn A Robinson ... Nicolas E Buchler

     Spizellomycespunctatusis a genetically tractable chytrid and model organism for comparative cell biology for understanding evolution of the cell cycle, actin dynamics, and cellularization in fungi and early eukaryotes.
124. 1. Neuroscience

     Recurrent circuit dynamics underlie persistent activity in the macaque frontoparietal network

     Eric Hart, Alexander C Huk

     Simultaneous recordings of neural ensembles in both the frontal and parietal cortices reveal how persistent activity can be maintained in the primate brain during visuospatial working memory.
125. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Plant Biology

     Temporal integration of auxin information for the regulation of patterning

     Carlos S Galvan-Ampudia, Guillaume Cerutti ... Teva Vernoux

     Rhythmic centrifugal waves of auxin traveling through the tissue provides high definition positional information to cells that is not only spatial but also temporal.
126. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Spen links RNA-mediated endogenous retrovirus silencing and X chromosome inactivation

     Ava C Carter, Jin Xu ... Howard Y Chang

     A long noncoding RNA uses viral mimicry to achieve developmental gene silencing across a chromosome.
127. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Quantifying antibiotic impact on within-patient dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance

     Rene Niehus, Esther van Kleef ... Ben S Cooper

     A data-driven within-host model reveals that different antibiotics are associated with divergent effects on antibiotic resistance carriage and abundance in hospitalised patients, with important implications for antibiotic stewardship.
128. 1. Neuroscience

     Auditory cortical alpha/beta desynchronization prioritizes the representation of memory items during a retention period

     Nathan Weisz, Nadine Gabriele Kraft, Gianpaolo Demarchi

     Top-down mediated decreases of beta activity in auditory cortex prior to a predictable distractor in an auditory working memory task is associated with increased representation of to-be-memorized information.
129. 1. Neuroscience

     LKB1 coordinates neurite remodeling to drive synapse layer emergence in the outer retina

     Courtney A Burger, Jonathan Alevy ... Melanie A Samuel

     LKB1 instructs the timing and location of synapse layer emergence in the outer retina by coordinating the regulation of pre- and postsynaptic neuron maturation and transport of synapse-associated proteins.
130. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Essential function of the alveolin network in the subpellicular microtubules and conoid assembly in Toxoplasma gondii

     Nicolò Tosetti, Nicolas Dos Santos Pacheco ... Dominique Soldati-Favre

     A combination of high-resolution microscopy and reverse genetics identified key components of the alveolin network playing an essential role in the assembly of subpellicular microtubules and conoid in Toxoplasma gondii..
131. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     The histone modification reader ZCWPW1 links histone methylation to PRDM9-induced double-strand break repair

     Tao Huang, Shenli Yuan ... Hongbin Liu

     ZCWPW1 is a histone modification reader that localizes to DMC1-labelled double-strand break hotspots in a largely PRDM9-dependent manner, where it facilitates completion of synapsis by mediating DSB repair process.
132. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Cryo-EM structures and functional properties of CALHM channels of the human placenta

     Katarzyna Drożdżyk, Marta Sawicka ... Raimund Dutzler

     Members of the calcium homeostasis modulator family expressed in the placenta form large channels with unknown activation properties that harbor a lipid bilayer on the inside of a cylindrical pore.
133. 1. Ecology

     Modelling the climatic suitability of Chagas disease vectors on a global scale

     Fanny E Eberhard, Sarah Cunze ... Sven Klimpel

     The global ensemble forecasting niche modelling of 11 vector competent triatomine species revealed climatic suitable regions outside their native distribution including the cosmopolitan vector Triatoma rubrofasciata.
134. 1. Neuroscience

     Whole-brain mapping of socially isolated zebrafish reveals that lonely fish are not loners

     Hande Tunbak, Mireya Vazquez-Prada ... Elena Dreosti

     Social isolation increases anti-social behaviour by altering activity in brain areas related to anxiety, stress, and reward.
135. 1. Cell Biology

     Keratin 14-dependent disulfides regulate epidermal homeostasis and barrier function via 14-3-3σ and YAP1

     Yajuan Guo, Catherine J Redmond ... Pierre A Coulombe

     Keratin filaments are revealed as novel regulators of entry into terminal differentiation in the epidermis via an ability to modulate YAP1 function and Hippo signaling.
136. 1. Neuroscience

     A compositional neural code in high-level visual cortex can explain jumbled word reading

     Aakash Agrawal, KVS Hari, SP Arun

     Viewing a jumbled word activates an efficient visual representation in high-level visual cortex that is matched to stored words in the word form area.
137. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Protein phosphatase 1 activity controls a balance between collective and single cell modes of migration

     Yujun Chen, Nirupama Kotian ... Jocelyn A McDonald

     Protein phosphatase 1 activity promotes cohesive collective cell migration by restricting actomyosin contractility to the periphery of the collective and maintaining proper cadherin–catenin complex protein levels at cell–cell junctions.
138. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     The tumor microenvironment as a metabolic barrier to effector T cells and immunotherapy

     Aaron R Lim, W Kimryn Rathmell, Jeffrey C Rathmell

     Diverse components of the tumor microenvironment affect T cell metabolism in ways that are crucial to improving immunotherapy.
139. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Role of IL-4 in bone marrow driven dysregulated angiogenesis and age-related macular degeneration

     Takashi Baba, Dai Miyazaki ... Kazuomi Nakamura

     The IL-4/IL-4Rα axis directory promotes pathological angiogenesis through communications with bone marrow cells leading to neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
140. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Controlling gene activation by enhancers through a drug-inducible topological insulator

     Taro Tsujimura, Osamu Takase ... Keiichi Hishikawa

     A novel synthetic DNA cassette of CTCF-binding sites combined with the drug-controllable induction system of heterochromatin enabled switchable blocking of chromatin conformation and gene-enhancer interaction.
141. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

     Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm

     Daniel W Belsky, Avshalom Caspi ... Terrie E Moffitt

     Methylation pace of aging is a novel measure requiring only a blood sample that clinical-trial and observational studies can use to test if treatments modify how fast participants are aging.
142. 1. Cell Biology

     Control of brown adipose tissue adaptation to nutrient stress by the activin receptor ALK7

     Patricia Marmol, Favio Krapacher, Carlos F Ibáñez

     The activin receptor ALK7 regulates the adaptation of brown adipose tissue to nutrient availability by preventing over-activation of signaling pathways induced by fasting, allowing appropriate response to cold exposure.
143. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions in the treatment of systemic fungal infections

     Morgan A Wambaugh, Steven T Denham ... Jessica CS Brown

     Identification and exploitation of interactions between the antifungal drug fluconazole and FDA- approved drugs has the potential to improve treatment for patients with difficult-to-treat systemic fungal infections.
144. 1. Neuroscience

     A role for CIM6P/IGF2 receptor in memory consolidation and enhancement

     Xiao-Wen Yu, Kiran Pandey ... Cristina M Alberini

     Cation-independent-mannose-6-phosphate-receptor, or insulin-like-growth-factor-2-receptor (CIM6P/IGF2R) expressed in the hippocampus controls the protein metabolism regulated by learning and required for memory consolidation, and is also a key mechanism for memory enhancement.
145. 1. Developmental Biology

     Zebrafish macrophage developmental arrest underlies depletion of microglia and reveals Csf1r-independent metaphocytes

     Laura E Kuil, Nynke Oosterhof ... Tjakko J van Ham

     Embryonic and definitive macrophages require colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, whereas non-hematopoietic metaphocytes that resemble macrophages do not, explaining the relative high numbers of putative macrophages in Csf1r-deficient zebrafish.
146. 1. Neuroscience

     Cortical excitability controls the strength of mental imagery

     Rebecca Keogh, Johanna Bergmann, Joel Pearson

     Visual and prefrontal cortex excitability predict individual differences in visual imagery strength, and modulating excitability in these cortical regions causally alters the strength of visual imagery.
147. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Caenorhabditis elegans processes sensory information to choose between freeloading and self-defense strategies

     Jodie A Schiffer, Francesco A Servello ... Javier Apfeld

     C. elegans nematodes use a sensory-neuronal circuit to determine whether to defend themselves from hydrogen peroxide attack or to freeload off orthologous protective defenses from bacteria in their surrounding environment.
148. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     mRNA decapping is an evolutionarily conserved modulator of neuroendocrine signaling that controls development and ageing

     Fivos Borbolis, John Rallis ... Popi Syntichaki

     mRNA decapping function in neuronal cells regulates neurosecretion and intertissue signaling, affecting developmental and ageing processes in two model organisms.
149. 1. Neuroscience

     Wireless recording from unrestrained monkeys reveals motor goal encoding beyond immediate reach in frontoparietal cortex

     Michael Berger, Naubahar Shahryar Agha, Alexander Gail

     The novel Reach Cage allows neurophysiology studies of structured behavior with unrestrained Rhesus macaques showing that the frontoparietal reach network is selective for reach goals outside the immediately reachable space.
150. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Intravascular flow stimulates PKD2 (polycystin-2) channels in endothelial cells to reduce blood pressure

     Charles E MacKay, M Dennis Leo ... Jonathan H Jaggar

     PKD2 (polycystin-2) channels are a major component of a flow-sensing signaling mechanism in endothelial cells that stimulates vasodilation and reduces blood pressure.
151. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Intracellular calcium leak lowers glucose storage in human muscle, promoting hyperglycemia and diabetes

     Eshwar R Tammineni, Natalia Kraeva ... Eduardo Rios

     Calcium-driven protein changes, causing glycogenolysis, poor synthesis, and diminished content of glycogen, along with diminished glucose transporters, lead to hyperglycemia in patients prone to calcium leaks from intracellular muscle stores.
152. 1. Neuroscience

     Efficient recognition of facial expressions does not require motor simulation

     Gilles Vannuscorps, Michael Andres, Alfonso Caramazza

     It is possible to account for efficient facial expression recognition without having to invoke a mechanism of motor simulation, even in very sensitive and challenging tasks.
153. 1. Neuroscience

     Parkin contributes to synaptic vesicle autophagy in Bassoon-deficient mice

     Sheila Hoffmann-Conaway, Marisa M Brockmann ... Carolina Montenegro-Venegas

     The presynaptic scaffolding protein Bassoon is involved in regulating neurotransmitter release by controlling synaptic vesicle pool size and vesicular protein turnover through increased ubiquitination and Parkin-dependent autophagy.
154. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     The antibiotic bedaquiline activates host macrophage innate immune resistance to bacterial infection

     Alexandre Giraud-Gatineau, Juan Manuel Coya ... Ludovic Tailleux

     The anti-tuberculosis drug bedaquiline reprograms human macrophages into potent bactericidal phagocytes, which are able to control bacterial infection.
155. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Lipid accumulation controls the balance between surface connection and scission of caveolae

     Madlen Hubert, Elin Larsson ... Richard Lundmark

     Caveolae sense the membrane lipid composition, which influences their dynamic behavior at the cell surface.
156. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Expansion microscopy of C. elegans

     Chih-Chieh (Jay) Yu, Nicholas C Barry ... Edward S Boyden

     Fixed, intact animals of C. elegans can be physically expanded with high isotropy, to enable super-resolved imaging of general proteins and nucleic acids throughout the organism, on conventional microscopes.
157. 1. Neuroscience

     A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice

     June K Corrigan, Deepti Ramachandran ... Alexander S Banks

     The metabolic rate of mice is disproportionately affected by the site of experimentation, affecting the phenotypic interpretation of genetically modified strains.
158. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Hfq CLASH uncovers sRNA-target interaction networks linked to nutrient availability adaptation

     Ira Alexandra Iosub, Robert Willem van Nues ... Sander Granneman

     High-throughput RNA-RNA interaction analysis uncovers many novel sRNA-target interactions at various growth stages in Escherichia coli.