February 2020

Research articles

1. 1. Neuroscience

   Cell-type specific innervation of cortical pyramidal cells at their apical dendrites

   Ali Karimi, Jan Odenthal ... Moritz Helmstaedter

   The composition of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs to the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in mouse cortex is specific to the type of pyramidal cells.
2. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

   Integrated analysis of H2A.Z isoforms function reveals a complex interplay in gene regulation

   Assala Lamaa, Jonathan Humbert ... Didier Trouche

   The two H2A.Z isoforms have specific interactors which mediate their differential effects on gene expression.
3. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Structures of the ATP-fueled ClpXP proteolytic machine bound to protein substrate

   Xue Fei, Tristan A Bell ... Robert T Sauer

   Cryo-EM structures of the ClpXP protease reveal how protein substrates are bound, show how spiral ClpX hexamers bind symmetry-mismatched heptameric ClpP rings, and suggest mechanisms for processive substrate translocation.
4. 1. Neuroscience

   Categorical representation from sound and sight in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex of sighted and blind

   Stefania Mattioni, Mohamed Rezk ... Olivier Collignon

   The categorical organization of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, typically thought to be a visual region, is actually partially independent of visual input and even visual experience.
5. 1. Developmental Biology

   Dullard-mediated Smad1/5/8 inhibition controls mouse cardiac neural crest cells condensation and outflow tract septation

   Jean-François Darrigrand, Mariana Valente ... Bruno Cadot

   New views on the relevance of bone morphogenetic protein signalling fine tuning in the cardiac neural crest cells for the heart outflow tract septation and the formation of the great arteries.
6. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Evolutionary Biology

   Homologue replacement in the import motor of the mitochondrial inner membrane of trypanosomes

   Corinne von Känel, Sergio A Muñoz-Gómez ... Andre Schneider

   Mitochondrial inner membrane translocation of presequence-containing proteins by the single bifunctional TIM complex of T. brucei requires an non-canonical J domain-containing protein.
7. 1. Neuroscience

   Experience shapes activity dynamics and stimulus coding of VIP inhibitory cells

   Marina Garrett, Sahar Manavi ... Shawn R Olsen

   VIP inhibitory neurons are active in response to novel images but are suppressed by familiar stimuli and show ramping activity when expected stimuli are omitted.
8. 1. Cell Biology

   Biallelic TANGO1 mutations cause a novel syndromal disease due to hampered cellular collagen secretion

   Caroline Lekszas, Ombretta Foresti ... Thomas Haaf

   The first human TANGO1-associated syndromal disease manifests as impaired collagen secretion, highlighting the importance of TANGO1 in human pathophysiology.
9. 1. Genetics and Genomics
   2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

   Highly regulated, diversifying NTP-dependent biological conflict systems with implications for the emergence of multicellularity

   Gurmeet Kaur, A Maxwell Burroughs ... L Aravind

   Multicellular and socially aggregating prokaryotes contain previously undescribed, chaperone-based systems predicted to mediate defensive biological conflicts, several components of which are thematically similar antecedents of eukaryotic apoptosis pathways.
10. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Sodium channels implement a molecular leaky integrator that detects action potentials and regulates neuronal firing

    Marco A Navarro, Autoosa Salari ... Lorin S Milescu

    Kinetic interactions between sodium channels and auxiliary factors create a molecular computational engine that can sense and regulate cellular excitability.
11. 1. Cell Biology

    Ciliary Rab28 and the BBSome negatively regulate extracellular vesicle shedding

    Jyothi S Akella, Stephen P Carter ... Oliver E Blacque

    The RAB-28 GTPase regulates ciliary extracellular vesicle shedding, which may be important for neuron-glia communication.
12. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Dynamics at the serine loop underlie differential affinity of cryptochromes for CLOCK:BMAL1 to control circadian timing

    Jennifer L Fribourgh, Ashutosh Srivastava ... Carrie L Partch

    The affinity of circadian repressors CRY1 and CRY2 for their cognate transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 is regulated by differential dynamics at the serine loop and interactions with the PER2 corepressor.
13. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Human RPA activates BLM’s bidirectional DNA unwinding from a nick

    Zhenheng Qin, Lulu Bi ... Bo Sun

    hRPA permits the BLM helicase to bidirectionally unwind DNA from a nick which could potentially facilitate its function switching in DNA repair and promote end resection in homologous recombination.
14. 1. Developmental Biology

    Ordered patterning of the sensory system is susceptible to stochastic features of gene expression

    Ritika Giri, Dimitrios K Papadopoulos ... Richard W Carthew

    How gene expression noise is regulated is critical for cell fate and tissue patterning.
15. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Resurrection of a global, metagenomically defined gokushovirus

    Paul C Kirchberger, Howard Ochman

    Isolation of a gokushovirus capable of lysogenizing enterobacteria challenges previous notions about the biology of the most prolific phages within the Microviridae and facilitates experimental study in a model organism.
16. 1. Neuroscience

    The functional organization of excitation and inhibition in the dendrites of mouse direction-selective ganglion cells

    Varsha Jain, Benjamin L Murphy-Baum ... Gautam Bhagwan Awatramani

    Accurate direction-selective information is present within small sections of the dendrites, raising the possibility that single dendrites utilize parallel processing schemes to process motion information.
17. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Thioredoxin-1 distinctly promotes NF-κB target DNA binding and NLRP3 inflammasome activation independently of Txnip

    Jonathan Muri, Helen Thut ... Manfred Kopf

    The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) system promotes inflammation by positively regulating both NLRP3 inflammasome responses, by detoxifying excessive ROS independently of Txnip and NF-κB binding to target DNA.
18. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure and physiological function of the human KCNQ1 channel voltage sensor intermediate state

    Keenan C Taylor, Po Wei Kang ... Charles R Sanders

    The intermediate state conformation of the human KCNQ1 potassium channel voltage sensor domain was determined, validated, and shown to be conductive under physiological conditions.
19. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    An alternatively spliced, non-signaling insulin receptor modulates insulin sensitivity via insulin peptide sequestration in C. elegans

    Bryan A Martinez, Pedro Reis Rodrigues ... Matthew S Gill

    A truncated, non-signaling insulin receptor regulates insulin sensitivity in the nematode C. elegans by sequestering insulin peptides and preventing their interaction with full length receptors.
20. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A native prokaryotic voltage-dependent calcium channel with a novel selectivity filter sequence

    Takushi Shimomura, Yoshiki Yonekawa ... Katsumasa Irie

    The small glycine residue in the Cav selectivity filter is an overlooked feature that determines Ca²⁺ selectivity and provides new insight into the Ca²⁺ selectivity mechanism conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
21. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural mechanisms of economic choices in mice

    Masaru Kuwabara, Ningdong Kang ... Camillo Padoa-Schioppa

    Inactivation of the lateral orbital area disrupts economic choice behavior and neurons in this area encode the value of offered and chosen options.
22. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Revisiting the role of Dcc in visual system development with a novel eye clearing method

    Robin J Vigouroux, Quénol Cesar ... Kim Tuyen Nguyen-Ba-Charvet

    A new eye-specific Dcc mutant combined with an improved clearing protocol for the eye and brain (EyeDISCO) reveals the requirement of the receptor Dcc for retinal development and maintenance.
23. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Agonist-selective recruitment of engineered protein probes and of GRK2 by opioid receptors in living cells

    Miriam Stoeber, Damien Jullié ... Mark von Zastrow

    Chemically distinct opioid ligands promote selective protein recruitment by opioid receptors in intact cells.
24. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Bacterial contribution to genesis of the novel germ line determinant oskar

    Leo Blondel, Tamsin EM Jones, Cassandra G Extavour

    Evidence suggests that the oskar gene, a critical germ line determinant in insects, was formed by fusion of bacterial and eukaryotic sequences at least 450 million years ago.
25. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Mitochondrial ClpX activates an essential biosynthetic enzyme through partial unfolding

    Julia R Kardon, Jamie A Moroco ... Tania A Baker

    The mitochondrial protein unfoldase ClpX activates the first enzyme in heme biosynthesis, ALAS, by targeted unfolding that gates access of cofactor to the ALAS active site.
26. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Resegmentation is an ancestral feature of the gnathostome vertebral skeleton

    Katharine E Criswell, J Andrew Gillis

    Shared complexities of backbone segmentation between cartilaginous fishes and tetrapods originate much earlier in vertebrate evolution than previously thought.
27. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Medicine

    Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19

    Katelyn Gostic, Ana CR Gomez ... James O Lloyd-Smith

    Even in the best-case scenario, screening for COVID-19 misses well over half of infected travellers.
28. 1. Cell Biology

    Control of cell death/survival balance by the MET dependence receptor

    Leslie Duplaquet, Catherine Leroy ... David Tulasne

    MET acts as a dependence receptor in vivo by promoting hepatocyte apoptosis, a response induced by a caspase generated fragment able to favor calcium exchange between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
29. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Defining the role of pulmonary endothelial cell heterogeneity in the response to acute lung injury

    Terren K Niethamer, Collin T Stabler ... Edward E Morrisey

    Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals extensive endothelial cell (EC) heterogeneity throughout the lung vasculature and identifies two distinct populations, Car4-high ECs and proliferative ECs, that preferentially respond to lung injury.
30. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Sphingosine 1-phosphate-regulated transcriptomes in heterogenous arterial and lymphatic endothelium of the aorta

    Eric Engelbrecht, Michel V Levesque ... Timothy Hla

    The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) signals in heterogenous populations of mouse adventitial lymphatic (LEC) and arterial endothelial cells (aEC1, aEC2) to regulate chromatin and the transcriptome, thus affecting their phenotypes.
31. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy leads to tuberculosis reactivation via dysregulation of TNF-α

    Liku B Tezera, Magdalena K Bielecka ... Paul T Elkington

    Immune checkpoint inhibition therapy for cancer paradoxically activates tuberculosis infection, and advanced human cell culture modelling demonstrates excess TNF-α section is the primary driver.
32. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Large-scale cell-type-specific imaging of protein synthesis in a vertebrate brain

    Or David Shahar, Erin Margaret Schuman

    The development of a transgenic zebrafish allows for cell-type-specific labeling of neuronal protein synthesis, enabling brain-wide visualization and quantification of protein synthesis and demonstrating region-specific increases following elevated brain activity.
33. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Selectivity to approaching motion in retinal inputs to the dorsal visual pathway

    Todd R Appleby, Michael B Manookin

    Cells in the primate retina show unexpected sensitivity to approaching motion and optical flow.
34. 1. Neuroscience

    Synaptic mechanisms underlying modulation of locomotor-related motoneuron output by premotor cholinergic interneurons

    Filipe Nascimento, Matthew James Broadhead ... Gareth Brian Miles

    The pairing of chemogenetic and electrophysiological approaches reveals mechanisms by which cholinergic synapses modulate the final motor output of the nervous system.
35. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Primary and secondary anti-viral response captured by the dynamics and phenotype of individual T cell clones

    Anastasia A Minervina, Mikhail V Pogorelyy ... Aleksandra M Walczak

    High-throughput clonal tracking quantifies intrinsic differences between primary and secondary T cell response.
36. 1. Neuroscience

    Mechanisms that allow cortical preparatory activity without inappropriate movement

    Timothy R Darlington, Stephen G Lisberger

    The use of preparatory activity in the smooth eye movement region of the frontal eye fields as a visual-motor gain signal allows preparation to progress without inappropriate movement.
37. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins are essential for B cell development

    Elisa Monzón-Casanova, Louise S Matheson ... Martin Turner

    The RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is essential for B cell development at the pro-B cell stage where it suppresses S-phase entry and promotes progression through mitosis.
38. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Multifaceted secretion of htNSC-derived hypothalamic islets induces survival and antidiabetic effect via peripheral implantation in mice

    Yizhe Tang, Juan Pablo Zuniga-Hertz ... Dongsheng Cai

    A subpopulation of multi-secretory hypothalamic stem cells was developed to form 3D spheres for peripheral application against mortality and symptom of a severe diabetes model.
39. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Rapid sex-specific adaptation to high temperature in Drosophila

    Sheng-Kai Hsu, Ana Marija Jakšić ... Christian Schlötterer

    Within 100 generations after an environmental shift in an evolution experiment, rapid sex-specific adaptation occurred, which is potentially facilitated by selection on standing variation in sex-specific genetic architecture.
40. 1. Ecology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Targeted induction of a silent fungal gene cluster encoding the bacteria-specific germination inhibitor fumigermin

    Maria Cristina Stroe, Tina Netzker ... Axel A Brakhage

    A silent gene cluster of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is activated by a bacterium and leads to the production of a novel spore germination inhibitor targeting the inducing bacterium.
41. 1. Neuroscience

    Quantitative properties of a feedback circuit predict frequency-dependent pattern separation

    Oliver Braganza, Daniel Mueller-Komorowska ... Heinz Beck

    The feedback inhibitory microcircuit of the dentate gyrus likely boosts pattern separation during gamma oscillations.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    Rapid regulation of vesicle priming explains synaptic facilitation despite heterogeneous vesicle:Ca²⁺ channel distances

    Janus RL Kobbersmed, Andreas T Grasskamp ... Alexander M Walter

    Heterogeneous distances between vesicles and Ca²⁺-channels make synapses prone to short-term depression, however, Ca²⁺-dependent increases in the number of release-ready vesicles supports facilitation even with broadly distributed vesicle:Ca²⁺-channel distances.
43. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    The transpeptidase PBP2 governs initial localization and activity of the major cell-wall synthesis machinery in E. coli

    Gizem Özbaykal, Eva Wollrab ... Sven van Teeffelen

    For initiation of cell-wall insertion, the cross-linking enzyme PBP2 stably binds to a component of the cell envelope that is different from MreB filaments.
44. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    ParB spreading on DNA requires cytidine triphosphate in vitro

    Adam SB Jalal, Ngat T Tran, Tung BK Le

    A biochemical reconstitution shows that the accumulation of Caulobacter crescentus ParB on DNA requires cytidine triphosphate and a closed DNA substrate in vitro.
45. 1. Neuroscience

    The hippocampus encodes delay and value information during delay-discounting decision making

    Akira Masuda, Chie Sano ... Shigeyoshi Itohara

    Two distinct subpopulations of CA1 neurons that increased or decreased their firing rate during delay were identified, suggesting that they have distinct roles in the valuation process in the hippocampus.
46. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Mouse retinal cell behaviour in space and time using light sheet fluorescence microscopy

    Claudia Prahst, Parham Ashrafzadeh ... Katie Bentley

    Improved 3D and 4D imaging of neurovascular processes across scales reveals new insights into eye disease mouse models and shows retinal vessels are significantly distorted using standard flat-mount confocal imaging.
47. 1. Neuroscience

    Presynaptic GABA_B receptors functionally uncouple somatostatin interneurons from the active hippocampal network

    Sam A Booker, Harumi Harada ... Imre Vida

    Presynaptic GABAB receptors are highly expressed and strongly suppress synaptic transmission at the input and output of hippocampal somatostatin interneurons.
48. 1. Neuroscience

    Patterned perturbation of inhibition can reveal the dynamical structure of neural processing

    Sadra Sadeh, Claudia Clopath

    Neuronal networks with strong functional specificity of connections between excitatory and inhibitory neurons show specific dynamics of inhibitory stabilization, accompanied with rapid spontaneous activity transitions between highly selective functional states.
49. 1. Neuroscience

    Opioids depress breathing through two small brainstem sites

    Iris Bachmutsky, Xin Paul Wei ... Kevin Yackle

    Opioids stop breathing during overdose by silencing two small brain sites, with just 140 neurons in the breathing rhythm generator exerting the key effect.
50. 1. Neuroscience

    Stxbp1/Munc18-1 haploinsufficiency impairs inhibition and mediates key neurological features of STXBP1 encephalopathy

    Wu Chen, Zhao-Lin Cai ... Mingshan Xue

    Two genetically distinct Stxbp1 haploinsufficiency mouse models exhibit seizures and impairments in cognitive, psychiatric, and motor functions, representing robust preclinical models of STXBP1 encephalopathy with both construct and face validity.
51. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Tailless/TLX reverts intermediate neural progenitors to stem cells driving tumourigenesis via repression of asense/ASCL1

    Anna E Hakes, Andrea H Brand

    Increased expression of Drosophila Tailless (TLX homologue) reverts intermediate progenitors to neural stem cells, inducing tumourigenesis via Asense repression and reflecting mutually exclusive TLX and ASCL1 expression in human glioblastoma.
52. 1. Neuroscience

    A Toll-receptor map underlies structural brain plasticity

    Guiyi Li, Manuel G Forero ... Alicia Hidalgo

    Structural brain plasticity is encoded in the topographic distribution of Toll receptors and their ability to switch between alternative signalling outcomes, thus translating diverse sensory experience into structural change.
53. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Genetic analysis of the Arabidopsis TIR1/AFB auxin receptors reveals both overlapping and specialized functions

    Michael J Prigge, Matthieu Platre ... Mark Estelle

    Genetic analyses reveal that the TIR1/AFB auxin receptors have broadly overlapping functions throughout plant development, but that the AFB1 receptor has a specialized role in a rapid auxin response.
54. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Synteny-based analyses indicate that sequence divergence is not the main source of orphan genes

    Nikolaos Vakirlis, Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis, Aoife McLysaght

    Homology information implicit in regions of conserved synteny allows quantification of gene origination by complete sequence divergence, revealing a larger-than-expected role for other mechanisms of origin, including de novo origination.
55. 1. Neuroscience

    Social structure learning in human anterior insula

    Tatiana Lau, Samuel J Gershman, Mina Cikara

    A domain-general structure learning mechanism, supported by anterior insula, moves beyond explicit category labels and dyadic similarity as the sole inputs to social group representations and predicts ally-choice behavior.
56. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes induce secretion of IGFBP7 to form type II rosettes and escape phagocytosis

    Wenn-Chyau Lee, Bruce Russell ... Laurent Renia

    Plasmodium parasites use host-derived factors to form more rosettes and hamper phagocytosis, representing a new escape mechanism for the malaria parasites.
57. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A widely distributed metalloenzyme class enables gut microbial metabolism of host- and diet-derived catechols

    Vayu Maini Rekdal, Paola Nol Bernadino ... Emily P Balskus

    A previously unrecognized group of metalloenzymes enables human gut microbes to metabolize dietary molecules and neurotransmitters and likely mediates interactions and metabolism among environmental microorganisms.
58. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    ESCO1 and CTCF enable formation of long chromatin loops by protecting cohesin^STAG1 from WAPL

    Gordana Wutz, Rene Ladurner ... Jan-Michael Peters

    CTCF protects cohesin^STAG1 from WAPL.
59. 1. Cell Biology

    EDEM2 stably disulfide-bonded to TXNDC11 catalyzes the first mannose trimming step in mammalian glycoprotein ERAD

    Ginto George, Satoshi Ninagawa ... Kazutoshi Mori

    EDEM2 containing mannosidase homology domain functions as an initiator of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins by conversion of Man₉GlcNAc₂ to Man₈GlcNAc₂, only when complexed with TXNDC11 containing thioredoxin-like domains.
60. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Neonatal-derived IL-17 producing dermal γδ T cells are required to prevent spontaneous atopic dermatitis

    Nicholas A Spidale, Nidhi Malhotra ... Joonsoo Kang

    Neonatal-origin dermal Tγδ17 cells are required to maintain normal keratinocytes and prevent spontaneous atopic dermatitis.
61. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A single-parasite transcriptional atlas of Toxoplasma Gondii reveals novel control of antigen expression

    Yuan Xue, Terence C Theisen ... John C Boothroyd

    Single-cell RNA-sequencing resolves the transcriptional landscape of asexual development in Toxoplasma gondii, revealing concerted genetic programs to Plasmodiumfalciparum and a novel transcriptional factor that controls antigen switching.
62. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Repression of viral gene expression and replication by the unfolded protein response effector XBP1u

    Florian Hinte, Eelco van Anken ... Wolfram Brune

    A herpesvirus harnesses the unfolded protein response to regulate its own life cycle, revealing an unexpected role of XBP1u as a potent repressor of the most important viral promoter.
63. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Translational initiation in E. coli occurs at the correct sites genome-wide in the absence of mRNA-rRNA base-pairing

    Kazuki Saito, Rachel Green, Allen R Buskirk

    E. coli ribosomes incapable of base-pairing with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence are still selective for annotated start sites, indicating these sites are hard-wired for initiation by other mRNA features.
64. 1. Cell Biology

    Competition between kinesin-1 and myosin-V defines Drosophila posterior determination

    Wen Lu, Margot Lakonishok ... Vladimir I Gelfand

    Posterior determination of Drosophila oocyte is defined by competition between kinesin-1 removing posterior determinants from the cortex and myosin-V anchoring them.
65. 1. Neuroscience

    Medial entorhinal cortex activates in a traveling wave in the rat

    J Jesús Hernández-Pérez, Keiland W Cooper, Ehren L Newman

    The existence of traveling waves in the medial entorhinal cortex, like those observed in the hippocampus, supports the hypothesis that traveling waves coordinate the activity of anatomically distributed circuits.
66. 1. Ecology
    2. Plant Biology

    Determining the scale at which variation in a single gene changes population yields

    Erica McGale, Henrique Valim ... Ian T Baldwin

    Variation in the gene NaMPK4 in plant populations increases reproductive yield, an effect which appears to be independent of soil water availability, neighbor-scale interactions and associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
67. 1. Cancer Biology

    Functional heterogeneity of lymphocytic patterns in primary melanoma dissected through single-cell multiplexing

    Francesca Maria Bosisio, Asier Antoranz ... Joost van den Oord

    Multiplexing and digital analysis of melanoma tissue describe functionally the microenvironment associated with brisk/non-brisk infiltrates and expose the functional incongruences of this morphological classification currently in use for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
68. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    LRRK2 maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and regulates innate immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Chi G Weindel, Samantha L Bell ... Robert O Watson

    Long studied in the context of the central nervous system, LRRK2 also functions in peripheral immunity by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in macrophages to regulate the type I interferon response.
69. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Suppressing proteasome mediated processing of topoisomerase II DNA-protein complexes preserves genome integrity

    Nicholas Sciascia, Wei Wu ... André Nussenzweig

    Analysis of genome integrity in primary murine B-cells reveals how depleting 26S proteasome activity enhanced cell survival following treatment with topoisomerase poisons.
70. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Mechanisms of chromosome biorientation and bipolar spindle assembly analyzed by computational modeling

    Christopher Edelmaier, Adam R Lamson ... Meredith D Betterton

    A computational model of fission yeast mitosis can interrogate mechanisms required for successful mitosis, the origin of spindle length fluctuations, and spindle force balance during assembly.
71. 1. Neuroscience

    Energy efficient synaptic plasticity

    Ho Ling Li, Mark CW van Rossum

    The metabolic efficiency of learning in networks is improved by using forms of synaptic plasticity with different levels of persistence.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    Paradoxical network excitation by glutamate release from VGluT3⁺ GABAergic interneurons

    Kenneth A Pelkey, Daniela Calvigioni ... Chris J McBain

    Glutamate cotransmission from a subset of cortical GABAergic interneurons can promote network hyperexcitability.
73. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Regulation of mRNA translation by a photoriboswitch

    Kelly A Rotstan, Michael M Abdelsayed ... Andrej Luptak

    A synthetic riboswitch binding one isoform of a photoreversible ligand provides a photoregulatory tool for bacterial translation initiation.
74. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The speed of GTP hydrolysis determines GTP cap size and controls microtubule stability

    Johanna Roostalu, Claire Thomas ... Thomas Surrey

    GTPase-deficient microtubules are hyper-stable and have longer EB binding regions, demonstrating that EBs bind the GTP cap.
75. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    The CHORD protein CHP-1 regulates EGF receptor trafficking and signaling in C. elegans and in human cells

    Andrea Haag, Michael Walser ... Alex Hajnal

    The co-chaperone CHORDC1 is specifically required for epidermal growth factor receptor trafficking and signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans and in human cells.
76. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A large-scale resource for tissue-specific CRISPR mutagenesis in Drosophila

    Fillip Port, Claudia Strein ... Michael Boutros

    A large-scale CRISPR library allows efficient gene disruption with spatial and temporal control in Drosophila.
77. 1. Neuroscience

    Nodal β spectrins are required to maintain Na⁺ channel clustering and axon integrity

    Cheng-Hsin Liu, Sharon R Stevens ... Matthew N Rasband

    A combination of sensory-neuron specific conditional knockout mice reveal nodal beta spectrins are required to maintain, but not assemble, nodes of Ranvier.
78. 1. Developmental Biology

    Embryonic geometry underlies phenotypic variation in decanalized conditions

    Anqi Huang, Jean-François Rupprecht, Timothy E Saunders

    Gene regulatory networks incorporate information of the embryonic geometrical parameters to give rise to differential individual patterning outputs under decanalized genetics backgrounds.
79. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    JMJD6 cleaves MePCE to release positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) in higher eukaryotes

    Schuyler Lee, Haolin Liu ... Gongyi Zhang

    JMJD6 helps BRD4 to recruit CDK9 to RNA Polymerase II by disrupting 7SK snRNP complex.
80. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Derivation of trophoblast stem cells from naïve human pluripotent stem cells

    Chen Dong, Mariana Beltcheva ... Thorold W Theunissen

    Naive hPSCs can readily give rise to human trophoblast stem cells, thus demonstrating their extraembryonic lineage potential and providing a new model system to study human trophectoderm specification.
81. 1. Neuroscience

    Noninvasive quantification of axon radii using diffusion MRI

    Jelle Veraart, Daniel Nunes ... Noam Shemesh

    Cell-specific architectural properties such as the axon diameter of the white matter of the human brain can be quantified accurately and non-invasively using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.
82. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Developmental variability channels mouse molar evolution

    Luke Hayden, Katerina Lochovska ... Sophie Pantalacci

    The nature and extent of developmental variation seen between mouse strains and genetically identical individuals explain why the first upper molar evolves along preferred path in murine rodents.
83. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The Cryo-EM structure of pannexin 1 reveals unique motifs for ion selection and inhibition

    Kevin Michalski, Johanna L Syrjanen ... Toshimitsu Kawate

    The structure of a pannexin 1 uncovers the extracellular loops of pannexin 1 as important structural motifs for ion selectivity and channel inhibition.
84. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Overtone focusing in biphonic tuvan throat singing

    Christopher Bergevin, Chandan Narayan ... Brad Story

    In light of the mysteries underlying the biphonic nature of Tuvan throat song, information from multiple modalities is combined to explain how this remarkable phenomenon is achieved biomechanically.
85. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Synthetic and genomic regulatory elements reveal aspects of cis-regulatory grammar in mouse embryonic stem cells

    Dana M King, Clarice Kit Yee Hong ... Barak A Cohen

    The independent effects of transcription factor binding sites are large regardless of sequence context, but the interactions between sites are context dependent.
86. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Body height in young adult men and risk of dementia later in adult life

    Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen, Gunhild Tidemann Okholm ... Merere Osler

    Taller body height in young adulthood, as marker of early-life environment, is associated with lower risk of dementia diagnosis independently of cognitive reserve and family factors shared among brothers.
87. 1. Neuroscience

    Anatomical and single-cell transcriptional profiling of the murine habenular complex

    Michael L Wallace, Kee Wui Huang ... Bernardo L Sabatini

    Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals distinct neuronal subtypes of the lateral habenula differentially target downstream neuronal subtypes in the ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe nucleus.
88. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Organic electrochemical transistor arrays for real-time mapping of evoked neurotransmitter release in vivo

    Kai Xie, Naixiang Wang ... Peng Shi

    An implantable device based on organic electrochemical transistors is developed for quantitative mapping of neurotransmitter release across multiple brain regions, revealing a cross-talk between the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways.
89. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Pan-mammalian analysis of molecular constraints underlying extended lifespan

    Amanda Kowalczyk, Raghavendran Partha ... Maria Chikina

    Cancer control, DNA repair, and immunity are key functionalities underlying the evolution of extended lifespan in mammals.
90. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Origin of the mechanism of phenotypic plasticity in satyrid butterfly eyespots

    Shivam Bhardwaj, Lim Si-Hui Jolander ... Antonia Monteiro

    A gradual, step-wise, physiological/molecular response of eyespot size to temperature is a likely adaptation to seasonal variation experienced in the habitat of Bicyclusanynana butterflies.
91. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    High-dimensional analysis of intestinal immune cells during helminth infection

    Laura Ferrer-Font, Palak Mehta ... Johannes U Mayer

    A systematic optimization of intestinal digestion protocols allows for the isolation and high-dimensional flow cytometric analysis of intestinal immune cells during murine helminth infection.
92. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Imaging plant germline differentiation within Arabidopsis flowers by light sheet microscopy

    Sona Valuchova, Pavlina Mikulkova ... Karel Riha

    Light sheet microscopy was used to establish a method for live imaging of cellular events within Arabidopsis flower and for constructing a 3D model of flower at subcellular resolution.
93. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Longitudinal trajectories, correlations and mortality associations of nine biological ages across 20-years follow-up

    Xia Li, Alexander Ploner ... Sara Hägg

    Biological ages have the potential to provide aging-related information beyond chronological age and can be predictive of mortality independently of both chronological age and different types of biological ages.
94. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    The evolutionary plasticity of chromosome metabolism allows adaptation to constitutive DNA replication stress

    Marco Fumasoni, Andrew W Murray

    Evolutionary adaptation to a constitutive perturbation of DNA replication reveals that adaptive mutations in three conserved pathways interact to restore faithful chromosome replication and segregation.
95. 1. Developmental Biology

    Etv transcription factors functionally diverge from their upstream FGF signaling in lens development

    Ankur Garg, Abdul Hannan ... Xin Zhang

    The FGF-induced Etv transcription factors operate outside the confines of upstream signaling in lens development.
96. 1. Neuroscience

    Postural control of arm and fingers through integration of movement commands

    Scott T Albert, Alkis M Hadjiosif ... Reza Shadmehr

    After a movement, the final posture of the arm is stabilized by a subcortical structure that mathematically integrates movement commands over time.
97. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Small-molecule G-quadruplex stabilizers reveal a novel pathway of autophagy regulation in neurons

    Jose F Moruno-Manchon, Pauline Lejault ... Andrey S Tsvetkov

    G-quadruplex DNA regulates autophagy in neurons.
98. 1. Neuroscience

    Using subthreshold events to characterize the functional architecture of the electrically coupled inferior olive network

    Yaara Lefler, Oren Amsalem ... Yosef Yarom

    Non-synaptic electrical events recorded simultaneously from pairs of neurons in the inferior olive nucleus enables accurate estimation of the size and of the clustered organization of the electrically coupled network.
99. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Casein kinase 1 dynamics underlie substrate selectivity and the PER2 circadian phosphoswitch

    Jonathan M Philpott, Rajesh Narasimamurthy ... Carrie L Partch

    A conformational switch in the Casein Kinase 1 activation loop controls substrate preference to regulate the abundance of the clock protein PERIOD2 and circadian timekeeping.
100. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
     2. Neuroscience

     A gut bacterial amyloid promotes α-synuclein aggregation and motor impairment in mice

     Timothy R Sampson, Collin Challis ... Sarkis K Mazmanian

     Production of an amyloid protein by bacteria within the gut microbiome can influence the pathophysiology of a mouse model of synucleinopathy.
101. 1. Neuroscience

     Inter- and intra-animal variation in the integrative properties of stellate cells in the medial entorhinal cortex

     Hugh Pastoll, Derek L Garden ... Matthew F Nolan

     Setpoints that determine the integrative properties of neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex are established at a population level and differ between animals.
102. 1. Neuroscience

     Inhibition of protein synthesis in M1 of monkeys disrupts performance of sequential movements guided by memory

     Machiko Ohbayashi

     Inhibition of protein synthesis in primary motor cortex (M1) of monkeys disrupted the performance of skilled sequential movements suggesting that M1 is involved in maintenance of skilled sequential movements.
103. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Structural basis of transcription inhibition by the DNA mimic protein Ocr of bacteriophage T7

     Fuzhou Ye, Ioly Kotta-Loizou ... Xiaodong Zhang

     DNA mimicry Ocr protein, a well-studied T7 phage protein that inhibits host restriction enzymes, can also inhibit host transcription through competing with sigma factors in binding to RNA polymerase.
104. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Ecology

     Ubiquitous macropinocytosis in anthozoans

     Philippe Ganot, Eric Tambutté ... Sylvie Tambutté

     Macropinocytosis, the process of non-specific endocytosis, is a major gateway for large volumes of surrounding medium and nanoparticles to coral cells.
105. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     c-Maf restrains T-bet-driven programming of CCR6-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cells

     Caroline Tizian, Annette Lahmann ... Christian Neumann

     c-Maf is a novel key regulator of the type 3-to-1 conversion of CCR6^– ILC3s that controls the functional plasticity of ILC3s by acting as a cell-intrinsic gatekeeper of T-bet expression.
106. 1. Neuroscience

     β11-12 linker isomerization governs acid-sensing ion channel desensitization and recovery

     Matthew L Rook, Abby Williamson ... David M Maclean

     The rotation of the β11-12 linker is a crucial control point for acid-sensing ion channel gating and motion of this linker is required for the channel to desensitize.
107. 1. Neuroscience

     The contribution of temporal coding to odor coding and odor perception in humans

     Ofer Perl, Nahum Nahum ... Rafi Haddad

     Human participants fail to discriminate between odor sequences that activate the same neurons at different orders, pointing against a substantial role for neuron activation time in the odor code.
108. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Analysis of zebrafish periderm enhancers facilitates identification of a regulatory variant near human KRT8/18

     Huan Liu, Kaylia Duncan ... Robert A Cornell

     Analysis of zebrafish periderm enhancers illuminates the conserved DNA of epithelial enhancers across species and prioritizes orofacial-cleft-associated regulatory variants near KRT18/KRT8.
109. 1. Neuroscience

     Clusters of cooperative ion channels enable a membrane-potential-based mechanism for short-term memory

     Paul Pfeiffer, Alexei V Egorov ... Susanne Schreiber

     Independently gating ion channels typically act fast within milliseconds, but cooperative interactions within a cluster of channels allow for a memory of previous electrical activity for several seconds.
110. 1. Neuroscience

     Spatiotemporal dynamics of multi-vesicular release is determined by heterogeneity of release sites within central synapses

     Dario Maschi, Vitaly A Klyachko

     Release site heterogeneity represents a previously unknown level of structural and functional organization within individual active zones in central synapses, which determines the spatiotemporal dynamics of multi-vesicular release.
111. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Plant Biology

     Selective egg cell polyspermy bypasses the triploid block

     Yanbo Mao, Alexander Gabel ... Rita Groß-Hardt

     A ménàge à trois introduces extra DNA only to plant embryos, thus skipping endosperm-induced seed hybridization barriers.
112. 1. Neuroscience

     Opposite changes in APP processing and human Aβ levels in rats carrying either a protective or a pathogenic APP mutation

     Marc D Tambini, Kelly A Norris, Luciano D'Adamio

     APP mutations that either cause or prevent dementia alter APP metabolism in a complex and opposite fashion, suggesting a link between multiple APP processing events, dementia and ageing-dependent cognitive decline.
113. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Defective lytic transglycosylase disrupts cell morphogenesis by hindering cell wall de-O-acetylation in Neisseria meningitidis

     Allison Hillary Williams, Richard Wheeler ... Ivo Gomperts Boneca

     Lytic transglycosylase enhances the activity of its protein partner, and its catalytic domain can be targeted to disrupt cell-wall integrity, protein partner function, and bacterial survival (Neisseria meningitidis) in hosts.
114. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Stochastic yield catastrophes and robustness in self-assembly

     Florian M Gartner, Isabella R Graf ... Erwin Frey

     Fluctuations in the availability of particles for binding can completely jeopardize yield in heterogeneous self-assembly.
115. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Ser/Thr kinase Trc controls neurite outgrowth in Drosophila by modulating microtubule-microtubule sliding

     Rosalind Norkett, Urko del Castillo ... Vladimir I Gelfand

     Microtubule-microtubule sliding and neurite outgrowth in Drosophila is controlled by a Ser/Thr kinase Tricornered via phosphorylation of a 'mitotic' motor protein Pavarotti.
116. 1. Neuroscience

     Gradients in the mammalian cerebellar cortex enable Fourier-like transformation and improve storing capacity

     Isabelle Straub, Laurens Witter ... Stefan Hallermann

     Electrophysiological and computational approaches show that superficial and deep cerebellar granule cells preferentially fire during low- and high-frequency inputs, respectively, enabling a Fourier-like transformation in the granule cell layer.
117. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Quantitative analysis of how Myc controls T cell proteomes and metabolic pathways during T cell activation

     Julia M Marchingo, Linda V Sinclair ... Doreen A Cantrell

     Myc-dependent induction of amino acid transporter expression in response to T cell receptor activation is essential to enable T cell proteome remodelling upon immune activation.
118. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Potential impact of outpatient stewardship interventions on antibiotic exposures of common bacterial pathogens

     Christine Tedijanto, Yonatan H Grad, Marc Lipsitch

     Antibiotic stewardship in the outpatient setting can substantially reduce exposures of potential pathogens to common antibiotics, and complementary efforts are needed to reduce remaining exposures that occur in 'necessary' contexts.
119. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Cohesin controls intestinal stem cell identity by maintaining association of Escargot with target promoters

     Aliaksandr Khaminets, Tal Ronnen-Oron ... Heinrich Jasper

     Cohesin-regulated 3D genome conformation controls activity of transcription factor Escargot in intestinal stem cells, prevents premature differentiation into enterocytes and maintains intestinal homeostasis.
120. 1. Cell Biology

     Loss of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) impairs sperm function and male reproductive advantage in C. elegans

     Chia-An Yen, Dana L Ruter ... Sean P Curran

     Loss of FAD stemming from cell autonomous defects in mitochondrial proline catabolism impairs sperm quality male reproductive advantage in C. elegans.
121. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

     Previously undetected super-spreading of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed by deep sequencing

     Robyn S Lee, Jean-François Proulx ... William P Hanage

     Incorporating within-host diversity in transmission, as identified by deep sequencing, can significantly change previously-held inferences, with major implications for genomic studies of transmission in tuberculosis and other pathogens as well.
122. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Discovery of several thousand highly diverse circular DNA viruses

     Michael J Tisza, Diana V Pastrana ... Christopher B Buck

     A bioinformatics pipeline has annotated over 2,500 complete genomes of circular DNA viruses belonging to dozens of established and emerging viral families.
123. 1. Cell Biology

     Single cell analysis reveals multiple requirements for zinc in the mammalian cell cycle

     Maria N Lo, Leah J Damon ... Amy E Palmer

     Zinc affects the proliferation-quiescence cell fate decision of mammalian cells, demonstrating that micronutrients can regulate the cell cycle.
124. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses

     Jihyung Lee, Junyan Zhang ... Eyal Raz

     Reprogramming of transcription factors by PRR-independent (cAMP) and PRR-dependent (curdlan) signaling induces new dendritic cell subset.
125. 1. Cancer Biology

     Understanding the glioblastoma immune microenvironment as basis for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies

     Ana Rita Pombo Antunes, Isabelle Scheyltjens ... Jo A Van Ginderachter

     The heterogeneity of immune cell types in glioblastoma tumors depends on the tumor's genetic make-up and treatment status and is an incompletely mined source of novel therapeutic targets.
126. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     A Fyn biosensor reveals pulsatile, spatially localized kinase activity and signaling crosstalk in live mammalian cells

     Ananya Mukherjee, Randhir Singh ... Akash Gulyani

     Unique biosensor design and protein-engineering enables direct visualization of the active form of Fyn kinase with high specificity, minimal perturbation and shows cellular signaling to be compartmentalized and pulsatile.
127. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Transcriptional landscape of myogenesis from human pluripotent stem cells reveals a key role of TWIST1 in maintenance of skeletal muscle progenitors

     In Young Choi, Hotae Lim ... Gabsang Lee

     Using multiple genetic reporter system in human pluripotent stem cells, a transcriptional database for human early myogenesis has been established.
128. 1. Cell Biology

     Distinct regulatory ribosomal ubiquitylation events are reversible and hierarchically organized

     Danielle M Garshott, Elayanambi Sundaramoorthy ... Eric J Bennett

     A hierarchical relationship among highly conserved regulatory ribosomal ubiquitylation events and the presence of antagonistic deubiquitylating enzymes suggests a dynamic ubiquitin code impacts ribosome-associated activities.
129. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Plant Biology

     Reticulon proteins modulate autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum in maize endosperm

     Xiaoguo Zhang, Xinxin Ding ... Marisa S Otegui

     Plant reticulons bind Atg8 under ER stress to promote reticulophagy and ameliorate ER stress in the maize endosperm.
130. 1. Ecology
     2. Epidemiology and Global Health

     Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence

     Cara E Brook, Mike Boots ... Anieke van Leeuwen

     Bats' uniquely robust innate antiviral immune defenses select for faster transmitting viruses likely to generate extreme virulence upon spillover to secondary hosts with immune systems divergent from those of bat.
131. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     RNA polymerase mutations cause cephalosporin resistance in clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates

     Samantha G Palace, Yi Wang ... Yonatan H Grad

     Ceftriaxone resistance has arisen multiple times in clinical gonococcal populations via previously undescribed RNA polymerase mutations, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance for novel resistance determinants.