March 2020

Research articles

    1. Neuroscience

    Incomplete vesicular docking limits synaptic strength under high release probability conditions

    Gerardo Malagon, Takafumi Miki ... Alain Marty
    The probability of occupancy of individual synaptic release sites at rest sets an upper limit to synaptic output when increasing action potential related calcium entry.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The primary structural photoresponse of phytochrome proteins captured by a femtosecond X-ray laser

    Elin Claesson, Weixiao Yuan Wahlgren ... Sebastian Westenhoff
    Time-resolved crystallography provides insight into the photochemical reactions in photoreceptor proteins, explaining the earliest steps of how plants, fungi and bacteria sense red light.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Gating and selectivity mechanisms for the lysosomal K+ channel TMEM175

    SeCheol Oh, Navid Paknejad, Richard K Hite
    Structures of the non-canonical potassium channel TMEM175 in open and closed states reveal unique mechanisms for channel gating and the selective permeation of K+ ions.
    1. Cell Biology

    β3-Adrenoceptor redistribution impairs NO/cGMP/PDE2 signalling in failing cardiomyocytes

    Sophie Schobesberger, Peter T Wright ... Julia Gorelik
    β3-AR signalling via cGMP in cardiomyocytes is regulated via phosphodiesterase 2 and 5 degradation, it is potentially cardioprotective, but dysregulated in heart failure through signal redistribution and higher phosphodiesterase activity.
    1. Cancer Biology

    GPC1 specific CAR-T cells eradicate established solid tumor without adverse effects and synergize with anti-PD-1 Ab

    Daiki Kato, Tomonori Yaguchi ... Yutaka Kawakami
    The safety and strong antitumor effects of GPC1-specific CAR-T cells against GPC1-expressing solid tumors were demonstrated by using both syngeneic and xenogeneic mouse models.
    1. Neuroscience

    Visually-updated hand state estimates modulate the proprioceptive reflex independently of motor task requirements

    Sho Ito, Hiroaki Gomi
    Distortion and elimination of limb visual feedback affects low-level stretch reflex control, indicating the involvement of a high-level and multimodal representation of the limb state in orchestrating hierarchical sensorimotor control.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM structures of S-OPA1 reveal its interactions with membrane and changes upon nucleotide binding

    Danyang Zhang, Yan Zhang ... Fei Sun
    GTP binding induces rearrangement of S-OPA1 assembly on membrane and thus triggers membrane remodeling with reduced curvature.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Approaching boiling point stability of an alcohol dehydrogenase through computationally-guided enzyme engineering

    Friso S Aalbers, Maximilian JLJ Fürst ... Marco W Fraaije
    By combining structure-based computational predictions and a thorough structural analysis, a highly thermostable enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, has been engineered.
    1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    TMEM87a/Elkin1, a component of a novel mechanoelectrical transduction pathway, modulates melanoma adhesion and migration

    Amrutha Patkunarajah, Jeffrey H Stear ... Kate Poole
    A novel mechanoelectrical transduction pathway can regulate the interactions of melanoma cells and their surrounding microenvironment, impacting both migration and cell dissociation from organotypic spheroids.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Fibronectin is a smart adhesive that both influences and responds to the mechanics of early spinal column development

    Emilie Guillon, Dipjyoti Das ... Scott Holley
    A fibronectin matrix constantly remodels to the area of highest mechanical stress, and the resulting fibronectin-mediated inter-tissue adhesion impedes neural tube convergence.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Application of optogenetic Amyloid-β distinguishes between metabolic and physical damages in neurodegeneration

    Chu Hsien Lim, Prameet Kaur ... Nicholas S Tolwinski
    An optogenetic approach has been developed to model Alzheimer's disease allowing light-induced Amyloid-β aggregation and tested in three model organisms, Drosophila, C. elegans and D. rerio.
    1. Human Biology and Medicine
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Increase of circulating IGFBP-4 following genotoxic stress and its implication for senescence

    Nicola Alessio, Tiziana Squillaro ... Umberto Galderisi
    Protein IGFBP-4 acts as a genotoxic stress mediator that, entering into circulation after its secretion by senescent cells, could promote further senescence phenomena in non-injured cells thus impairing tissues’ homeostasis.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Co-evolution within structured bacterial communities results in multiple expansion of CRISPR loci and enhanced immunity

    Nora C Pyenson, Luciano A Marraffini
    Cells must acquire multiple viral spacer sequences to neutralize mutant escaper phages and form colonies during the CRISPR-Cas immune response.
    1. Neuroscience

    Integrating prediction errors at two time scales permits rapid recalibration of speech sound categories

    Itsaso Olasagasti, Anne-Lise Giraud
    Keeping flexible adaptable representations of speech categories at different time scales allows the brain to maintain stable perception in the face of varying speech sound characteristics.
    1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Drosophila TRIM32 cooperates with glycolytic enzymes to promote cell growth

    Simranjot Bawa, David S Brooks ... Erika R Geisbrecht
    TRIM32-mediated glycolytic flux generates precursors that are utilized for biomass production in non-dividing muscle, brain and tumor cells, demonstrating a universal metabolic function for TRIM32 in cell growth.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Reversible promoter methylation determines fluctuating expression of acute phase proteins

    Shi-Chao Zhang, Ming-Yu Wang ... Yi Wu
    DNA methylation status can be exploited to finely and reversibly tune the expression of highly inducible genes with CpG-poor promoters in response to environmental cues.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Targeting mir128-3p alleviates myocardial insulin resistance and prevents ischemia-induced heart failure

    Andrea Ruiz-Velasco, Min Zi ... Wei Liu
    Targeting mir128-3p could prevent cardiac insulin resistance in the non-infarcted myocardium and limit cardiac injury after myocardial infarction, delaying the development of heart failure.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Tuberculosis-associated IFN-I induces Siglec-1 on tunneling nanotubes and favors HIV-1 spread in macrophages

    Maeva Dupont, Shanti Souriant ... Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
    Type-I interferon enriched microenvironment generated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the Siglec-1 receptor expression in human macrophages, including on tunneling nanotubes, and contributes to the exacerbation of cell-to-cell transfer of HIV-1.
    1. Developmental Biology

    A branched heterochronic pathway directs juvenile-to-adult transition through two LIN-29 isoforms

    Chiara Azzi, Florian Aeschimann ... Helge Großhans
    Distinct regulation endows two isoforms of the transcription factor LIN-29 with distinct functions to achieve coordinated execution of separate juvenile-to-adult transition events in Caenorhabditis elegans..
    1. Neuroscience

    Prediction signals in the cerebellum: Beyond supervised motor learning

    Court Hull
    Emerging evidence suggests a broad role for cerebellar circuits in generating and testing predictions about movement, reward, and diverse cognitive processes.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Measuring the distribution of fitness effects in somatic evolution by combining clonal dynamics with dN/dS ratios

    Marc J Williams, Luis Zapata ... Trevor A Graham
    Measurement of the distribution of fitness effects of new mutations arising in human oesophagus and skin, via new mathematical theory linking dn/ds values and fitness coefficients.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits host ATM kinase for survival advantage through SecA2 secretome

    Savita Lochab, Yogendra Singh ... Vinay Kumar Nandicoori
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), effectors secreted through SecA2 pathway cause double strand breaks (DSBs) in the host DNA, which in turn activates ATM kinase to gain survival advantages, through Akt.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Theoretical relation between axon initial segment geometry and excitability

    Sarah Goethals, Romain Brette
    Theoretical analysis uncovers the impact of axon initial segment plasticity on neural excitability.
    1. Medicine

    Identification of drug modifiers for RYR1-related myopathy using a multi-species discovery pipeline

    Jonathan R Volpatti, Yukari Endo ... James J Dowling
    A multi-species chemical screening platform reveals a conserved role for p38 inhibition in modulating ryanodine receptor-related phenotypes and is adaptable to a range of neuromuscular disorders.
    1. Medicine
    2. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Reducing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization in a lower-income country by vaccinating mothers-to-be and their households

    Samuel PC Brand, Patrick Munywoki ... David James Nokes
    Targeting the mothers, and other household members, of newborns with a mixture of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines is both efficient and effective at reducing RSV hospitalizations.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Unc-4 acts to promote neuronal identity and development of the take-off circuit in the Drosophila CNS

    Haluk Lacin, W Ryan Williamson ... James W Truman
    Unc-4 acts in a lineage-specific manner to promote different neuronal fates and locomotion behavior in Drosophila.
    1. Neuroscience

    Stimulus salience determines defensive behaviors elicited by aversively conditioned serial compound auditory stimuli

    Sarah Hersman, David Allen ... Todd E Anthony
    Perceived imminence of threat and resulting intensity of defensive responses during serial compound stimulus conditioning are determined by auditory stimulus salience, not cue sequence as recently reported.
    1. Neuroscience

    A calibrated optogenetic toolbox of stable zebrafish opsin lines

    Paride Antinucci, Adna Dumitrescu ... Claire Wyart
    Generation of stable transgenic opsin lines together with in vivo calibration of their efficacy using behavioural and electrophysiological assays constitutes a novel optogenetic toolkit in zebrafish.
    1. Neuroscience

    Optimization of energy state transition trajectory supports the development of executive function during youth

    Zaixu Cui, Jennifer Stiso ... Theodore D Satterthwaite
    Structural network topology develops during adolescence to facilitate activation of the fronto-parietal executive system with lower theoretical energetic cost.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    An atypical DYRK kinase connects quorum-sensing with posttranscriptional gene regulation in Trypanosoma brucei

    Mathieu Cayla, Lindsay McDonald ... Keith Matthews
    A trypanosome DYRK kinase that exhibits fundamental differences to conventional DYRK family regulation links parasite quorum sensing, signal transduction and developmental gene expression.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Cell-specific exon methylation and CTCF binding in neurons regulate calcium ion channel splicing and function

    Eduardo Javier López Soto, Diane Lipscombe
    Cell-specific alternative splicing of the synaptic calcium channel gene Cacna1b is controlled by exon hypomethylation and CTCF binding and is disrupted following nerve injury.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans

    Moran Cohen-Berkman, Reut Dudkevich ... Sivan Henis-Korenblit
    Endo-siRNAs slow down the rate of aging and enable the maintenance of a responsive heat shock response in aging germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans.
    1. Plant Biology

    Building customizable auto-luminescent luciferase-based reporters in plants

    Arjun Khakhar, Colby G Starker ... Daniel F Voytas
    A fungal bioluminescence pathway can be reconstituted in planta to create luminescence in many plant species without external substrate addition, and be used to design customizable reporters of gene-expression.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Global genome diversity of the Leishmania donovani complex

    Susanne U Franssen, Caroline Durrant ... James A Cotton
    Genomic data for the parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis provides the first global picture of the diversity and evolution of the pathogen and the epidemiology of this fatal tropical disease.
    1. Plant Biology

    UBP12 and UBP13 negatively regulate the activity of the ubiquitin-dependent peptidases DA1, DAR1 and DAR2

    Hannes Vanhaeren, Ying Chen ... Dirk Inzé
    By inactivating DA1, DAR1 and DAR2 through deubiquitination, UBP12 and UBP13 regulate leaf growth, cell area and endoreduplication.
    1. Neuroscience

    Identification of slit3 as a locus affecting nicotine preference in zebrafish and human smoking behaviour

    Judit García-González, Alistair J Brock ... Caroline H Brennan
    Zebrafish studies are able to predict loci and biological pathways affecting human behaviour, paving the way to better understanding of the biological underpinnings of psychiatric disease.
    1. Genetics and Genomics

    Characterising a healthy adult with a rare HAO1 knockout to support a therapeutic strategy for primary hyperoxaluria

    Tracy L McGregor, Karen A Hunt ... David A van Heel
    Lifelong HAO1 knockout was safe and without clinical phenotype in an identified healthy woman, de-risking a rare disease therapeutic approach through the power of naturally occurring human genetic variation.
    1. Neuroscience

    Correcting for physical distortions in visual stimuli improves reproducibility in zebrafish neuroscience

    Timothy W Dunn, James E Fitzgerald
    Computational analyses quantitatively account for optical refraction at air-water interfaces to enable visual neuroscientists to present distortion-free stimuli to underwater animals.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Site-directed MT1-MMP trafficking and surface insertion regulate AChR clustering and remodeling at developing NMJs

    Zora Chui-Kuen Chan, Hiu-Lam Rachel Kwan ... Chi Wai Lee
    Postsynaptic MT1-MMP serves as a molecular switch to synaptogenesis by clearing the surrounding ECM environment that allows effective deposition of nerve-derived synaptogenic factors to induce postsynaptic differentiation at developing NMJs.
    1. Neuroscience

    Cerebellar modulation of synaptic input to freezing-related neurons in the periaqueductal gray

    Christopher E Vaaga, Spencer T Brown, Indira M Raman
    The mouse cerebellum regulates innate defensive neural circuitry by tonically controlling dopamine release in the periaqueductal gray, thereby modulating synaptic responses of the Chx10-positive neurons that generate freezing behavior.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues differentially affect cardiac NaV, CaV, and KV channels through unique mechanisms

    Briana M Bohannon, Alicia de la Cruz ... H Peter Larsson
    Polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues show selectivity for different cardiac ion channels, suggesting their potential use for the treatment of different subtypes of Long QT Syndrome.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Cooperative interactions facilitate stimulation of Rad51 by the Swi5-Sfr1 auxiliary factor complex

    Bilge Argunhan, Masayoshi Sakakura ... Hiroshi Iwasaki
    The intrinsically disordered N-terminus of Sfr1 contains two Rad51 binding sites that facilitate Rad51 filament stabilization and ATPase stimulation by the Swi5-Sfr1 complex, leading to efficient Rad51-driven strand exchange.
    1. Plant Biology

    A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in crops with large genomes: Lessons from polyploid wheat

    Nikolai M Adamski, Philippa Borrill ... Cristobal Uauy
    The development of genomic tools and publicly available resources in polyploid wheat provides a framework to understand biologically important traits in crops with large genomes.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Deciphering anomalous heterogeneous intracellular transport with neural networks

    Daniel Han, Nickolay Korabel ... Thomas A Waigh
    Direct estimation of the Hurst exponent shows that endosomes and lysosomes reside in regimes of persistent and anti-persistent motion with heavy-tailed residence time distributions and motion correlated with endocytic function.
    1. Neuroscience

    Whole brain delivery of an instability-prone Mecp2 transgene improves behavioral and molecular pathological defects in mouse models of Rett syndrome

    Mirko Luoni, Serena Giannelli ... Vania Broccoli
    Global brain transduction of the instability-prone Mecp2 transgene by systemic AAV-PHP.eB administration is safe and effective in protecting male and female Mecp2 mutant mice from the Rett syndrome disease phenotype.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    The hazards of smoking and the benefits of cessation: A critical summation of the epidemiological evidence in high-income countries

    Prabhat Jha
    Cumulatively, from 1950 to 2015, smoking-related disease has been the biggest cause of premature death in high-income countries, with elevated risks of smoking continuing well into the 21st century.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Plant Biology

    CCR4, a RNA decay factor, is hijacked by a plant cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein to facilitate virus replication

    Zhen-Jia Zhang, Qiang Gao ... Xian-Bing Wang
    A cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein hijacks host CCR4 to trigger turnover of viral nucleoprotein (N)-bound cellular RNAs, thereby releasing nascent RNA-free N protein molecules to bind viral genomic RNAs for optimal replication.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Rejuvenating conventional dendritic cells and T follicular helper cell formation after vaccination

    Marisa Stebegg, Alexandre Bignon ... Michelle A Linterman
    Older individuals have impaired conventional dendritic cell and T follicular helper cell formation upon vaccination, which can be rescued by treatment with a TLR7 agonist.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Delayed antibiotic exposure induces population collapse in enterococcal communities with drug-resistant subpopulations

    Kelsey M Hallinen, Jason Karslake, Kevin B Wood
    Collapse of bacterial communities containing antibiotic-resistant and susceptible cells can be driven by increased population size or delayed drug exposure.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    TorsinB overexpression prevents abnormal twisting in DYT1 dystonia mouse models

    Jay Li, Chun-Chi Liang ... William T Dauer
    Enhancing levels of the torsinA paralog torsinB prevents essentially all torsinA loss-of-function neuropathological and behavioral phenotypes, identifying torsinB as a novel therapeutic target for DYT1 dystonia.
    1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway

    Nguyen PT Huynh, Catherine C Gloss ... Farshid Guilak
    Bioinformatic analysis of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis identified a novel long noncoding RNA, GRASLND, which suppresses interferon signaling and enhances chondrogenesis.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Identification of a molecular basis for the juvenile sleep state

    Leela Chakravarti Dilley, Milan Szuperak ... Matthew S Kayser
    Pdm3, a transcription factor, coordinates an early developmental program that prepares the brain to later execute high levels of juvenile adult sleep.
    1. Medicine

    Inflammatory osteolysis is regulated by site-specific ISGylation of the scaffold protein NEMO

    Naga Suresh Adapala, Gaurav Swarnkar ... Yousef Abu-Amer
    Site-specific modification of NEMO facilitates RANKL signal specificity in myeloid progenitors and serves as a potential target to modulate inflammatory osteolysis through ISG15-dependent autophagy.
    1. Neuroscience

    Kainate receptors regulate development of glutamatergic synaptic circuitry in the rodent amygdala

    Maria Ryazantseva, Jonas Englund ... Sari E Lauri
    Glutamatergic projections from basolateral to central amygdala, implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, develop rapidly during early postnatal period and their development is modulated via endogenously active kainate receptors.
    1. Neuroscience

    Cross-species cortical alignment identifies different types of anatomical reorganization in the primate temporal lobe

    Nicole Eichert, Emma C Robinson ... Rogier B Mars
    Cross-species alignment based on cortical myelin content can dissociate cortical expansion and relocation from changes in connectivity profiles in the temporal lobe of higher primates.
    1. Neuroscience

    Latrophilin-2 and latrophilin-3 are redundantly essential for parallel-fiber synapse function in cerebellum

    Roger Shen Zhang, Kif Liakath-Ali, Thomas C Südhof
    Knockout of both latrophilin-2 and latrophilin-3 from Purkinje cells in mice selectively impairs parallel-fiber synapses, revealing a redundant but critical function for latrophilins at specific synapses.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The guide sRNA sequence determines the activity level of box C/D RNPs

    Andrea Graziadei, Frank Gabel ... Teresa Carlomagno
    Integrative structural biology reveals a conformational equilibrium in the Box C/D methylation enzyme that regulates the extent of site-specific 2'-O-rRNA methylation in dependence of the RNA sequence.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A model for focal seizure onset, propagation, evolution, and progression

    Jyun-you Liou, Elliot H Smith ... LF Abbott
    Usage-dependent inhibition breakdown and neural adaptation underpins the key spatiotemporal dynamics of human focal seizures.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    The landscape of coadaptation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

    Yujun Cui, Chao Yang ... Daniel Falush
    The first overview of fitness interactions within a species provides information how genetic interactions and ecology combine together to determine trait evolution.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A dynamic charge-charge interaction modulates PP2A:B56 substrate recruitment

    Xinru Wang, Dimitriya H Garvanska ... Rebecca Page
    A novel dynamic charge-charge interaction between B56 and a subset of PP2A-B56 substrates is essential for substrate specificity, dephosphorylation and, for KIF4A, binding condensin I.
    1. Neuroscience

    Push-pull competition between bottom-up and top-down auditory attention to natural soundscapes

    Nicholas Huang, Mounya Elhilali
    Everyday soundscapes dynamically engage attention towards target sounds or salient ambient events, with both attentional forms engaging the same fronto-parietal network but in a push-pull competition for limited neural resources.
    1. Neuroscience

    In vivo assessment of the neural substrate linked with vocal imitation accuracy

    Julie Hamaide, Kristina Lukacova ... Annemie Van der Linden
    Song learning accuracy can be predicted and traced in the structural properties of the brains of juvenile male zebra finches already at 20 days post-hatching.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    An H3K9 methylation-dependent protein interaction regulates the non-enzymatic functions of a putative histone demethylase

    Gulzhan Raiymbek, Sojin An ... Kaushik Ragunathan
    A putative histone demethylase in fission yeast has non-enzymatic properties that regulates heterochromatin assembly and epigenetic inheritance.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The membrane periodic skeleton is an actomyosin network that regulates axonal diameter and conduction

    Ana Rita Costa, Sara C Sousa ... Monica M Sousa
    The axonal cytoskeletal contains an actomyosin-II network that controls circumferential axonal contraction and expansion with the potential of regulating fluctuations in diameter during action potential firing, trafficking, and degeneration.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Extracellular matrix-inducing Sox9 promotes both basal progenitor proliferation and gliogenesis in developing neocortex

    Ayse Güven, Nereo Kalebic ... Wieland B Huttner
    Transcription factor Sox9 has an important role in neocortex expansion, where its expression in basal progenitors increases proliferation, induces premature gliogenesis and promotes the expression of extracellular matrix components.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Microneedle manipulation of the mammalian spindle reveals specialized, short-lived reinforcement near chromosomes

    Pooja Suresh, Alexandra F Long, Sophie Dumont
    Directly exerting force on the mammalian spindle reveals local and short-lived reinforcement in the spindle center, well-suited to preserve connections to chromosomes over seconds and yet allow remodeling over minutes.
    1. Neuroscience

    Temporal cascade of frontal, motor and muscle processes underlying human action-stopping

    Sumitash Jana, Ricci Hannah ... Adam R Aron
    The sequence of neural and physiological processes underlying action-stopping has been delineated.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Piezo1/2 mediate mechanotransduction essential for bone formation through concerted activation of NFAT-YAP1-ß-catenin

    Taifeng Zhou, Bo Gao ... Yingzi Yang
    Mechanosensitive channels Piezo1/2 are required for osteoblast differentiation from progenitors by sensing fluid sheer stress and matrix rigidity and regulating NFATc1, YAP1 and ß-catenin activities through Ca2+ stimulated phosphatase calcineurin.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    The naive T-cell receptor repertoire has an extremely broad distribution of clone sizes

    Peter C de Greef, Theres Oakes ... Rob J de Boer
    Combining experiments, bioinformatics, and mathematical modelling, we find large heterogeneity in naive T cell clone sizes.
    1. Neuroscience

    Cortical state transitions and stimulus response evolve along stiff and sloppy parameter dimensions, respectively

    Adrian Ponce-Alvarez, Gabriela Mochol ... Gustavo Deco
    Neurons differ in their impact on collective cortical activity, with sensitive neurons forming a stable topological core, implicated in cortical-state transitions, while peripheral insensitive neurons are more responsive to stimuli.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Impact of community piped water coverage on re-infection with urogenital schistosomiasis in rural South Africa

    Polycarp Mogeni, Alain Vandormael ... Frank Tanser
    Scale-up of piped water coverage in the local community strongly protects against S. haematobium re-infection intensity among primary school-going children following treatment with praziquantel.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Molecular basis for catabolism of the abundant metabolite trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by a microbial glycyl radical enzyme

    Lindsey RF Backman, Yolanda Y Huang ... Catherine L Drennan
    The common post-translational modification trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is reversed by gut microbes with the help of hydroxyproline dehydratase (HypD), an enzyme that performs a radical chemical mechanism.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Coordinated hedgehog signaling induces new hair follicles in adult skin

    Xiaoyan Sun, Alexandra Are ... Maria Kasper
    Hedgehog-pathway activation in adjacent epithelial and stromal cells, but not in epithelial or stromal cells alone, enables the generation of functional de novo hair follicles in unwounded adult mouse skin.
    1. Neuroscience

    Purkinje cell misfiring generates high-amplitude action tremors that are corrected by cerebellar deep brain stimulation

    Amanda M Brown, Joshua J White ... Roy V Sillitoe
    Genetic, pharmacologic, and optogenetic manipulations demonstrate that Purkinje cells can trigger and propagate the signals for tremor.
    1. Neuroscience

    Short-term modulation of the lesioned language network

    Gesa Hartwigsen, Anika Stockert ... Dorothee Saur
    Virtual lesions of the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus in patients with lesions in the left temporo-parietal cortex disrupt phonologial decisions and lead to compensatory upregulation of the lesion homologue.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Chemoptogenetic ablation of neuronal mitochondria in vivo with spatiotemporal precision and controllable severity

    Wenting Xie, Binxuan Jiao ... Edward A Burton
    Novel transgenic zebrafish lines allow selective ablation of neuronal mitochondria by far red light, providing a powerful tool for investigating mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons and mitochondrial mechanisms in neurological disease.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    PACT-mediated PKR activation acts as a hyperosmotic stress intensity sensor weakening osmoadaptation and enhancing inflammation

    Kenneth T Farabaugh, Dawid Krokowski ... Maria Hatzoglou
    Changes in the interactome of the Rel family of transcription factors control adaptation to the environmental stress of hyperosmolarity and determine cell fate.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Antagonistic regulation by insulin-like peptide and activin ensures the elaboration of appropriate dendritic field sizes of amacrine neurons

    Jiangnan Luo, Chun-Yuan Ting ... Chi-Hon Lee
    Afferent-derived factors control the elaboration of appropriate and robust sizes of dendritic arbors by dynamically modulating dendritic growth parameters.
    1. Developmental Biology

    An abundant quiescent stem cell population in Drosophila Malpighian tubules protects principal cells from kidney stones

    Chenhui Wang, Allan C Spradling
    Drosophila renal stem cells are exceptional in abundance, require induction to produce a single cell type, principal cells, and mitigate damage during adulthood associated with external stresses.
    1. Neuroscience

    Supramammillary nucleus synchronizes with dentate gyrus to regulate spatial memory retrieval through glutamate release

    Yadong Li, Hechen Bao ... Juan Song
    Multi-fiber photometry recording and circuit-based manipulation in vivo identify a long-range SuM-DG circuit linking two highly correlated subcortical regions to regulate spatial memory retrieval through SuM glutamate transmission.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Global phenotypic profiling identifies a conserved actinobacterial cofactor for a bifunctional PBP-type cell wall synthase

    Joel W Sher, Hoong Chuin Lim, Thomas G Bernhardt
    A broadly useful phenotypic profiling dataset was generated and used to identify a cofactor required for a polar cell wall synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum that is conserved throughout the Actinobacteria.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Monoubiquitination by the human Fanconi anemia core complex clamps FANCI:FANCD2 on DNA in filamentous arrays

    Winnie Tan, Sylvie van Twest ... Andrew J Deans
    Biochemical reconstitution experiments uncover the ubiquitin-mediated function of a DNA repair protein, key to the understanding of Fanconi Anemia, a cancer-associated bone marrow failure syndrome.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Effect of helical kink in antimicrobial peptides on membrane pore formation

    Alzbeta Tuerkova, Ivo Kabelka ... Robert Vácha
    Proline/glycine kink in the helical peptides affects the peptide ability to form membrane pores by stabilising toroidal pore structures but disrupting barrel-stave pore structures.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    A loop structure allows TAPBPR to exert its dual function as MHC I chaperone and peptide editor

    Lina Sagert, Felix Hennig ... Robert Tampé
    A dedicated structural element facilitates chaperone and antigenic peptide selector function of TAP-associated glycoprotein, a major quality assurance auditor in adaptive immunity.
    1. Neuroscience

    Spatiotemporal patterns of neocortical activity around hippocampal sharp-wave ripples

    J Karimi Abadchi, Mojtaba Nazari-Ahangarkolaee ... Majid H Mohajerani
    The hippocampus and neocortex engage in waves of mutual excitation wherein a sharp wave-ripple may occur at any time before, during or after the peak of the hippocampal-neocortical activation.
    1. Neuroscience

    Hippocampal theta coordinates memory processing during visual exploration

    James E Kragel, Stephen VanHaerents ... Donna J Bridge
    Eye movements time-locked to retrieval and novelty during learning preferentially occur at distinct phases of hippocampal theta.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes support neonatal mouse heart regeneration in response to paracrine IGF2 signaling

    Hua Shen, Peiheng Gan ... Henry M Sucov
    Neonatal mouse heart regeneration relies on the presence of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes, which unites this process with embryonic heart growth and adult heart regeneration.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Agonist-mediated switching of ion selectivity in TPC2 differentially promotes lysosomal function

    Susanne Gerndt, Cheng-Chang Chen ... Christian Grimm
    The lysosomal ion channel TPC2 emerges as an example of an ion channel in which ion selectivity is not fixed but rather agonist-selective.
    1. Neuroscience

    Feedback inhibition and its control in an insect olfactory circuit

    Subhasis Ray, Zane N Aldworth, Mark A Stopfer
    Electrophysiological recordings and a large-scale biophysical model show that a unique inhibitory neuron plays a central role in structuring olfactory codes in the insect brain.
    1. Cell Biology

    ATR expands embryonic stem cell fate potential in response to replication stress

    Sina Atashpaz, Sara Samadi Shams ... Vincenzo Costanzo
    ATR protects stem cell genomes by activating a transcriptional response mediated by totipotency genes, conferring trophoblast differentiation potential, the derepression of which in somatic cells might favour cancer features emergence.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Adaptation of hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate reductase enables volatile isoprenoid production

    Mareike Bongers, Jordi Perez-Gil ... Claudia E Vickers
    Differences in HDR product preference present a novel mechanism in plants to control substrate availability for short- and long-chain isoprenoids.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    HIPK4 is essential for murine spermiogenesis

    J Aaron Crapster, Paul G Rack ... James K Chen
    HIPK4 is a male germ cell-enriched kinase that regulates cytoskeletal rearrangements in spermatids during spermiogenesis and is required for male fertility in mice.
    1. Neuroscience

    Movement-related coupling of human subthalamic nucleus spikes to cortical gamma

    Petra Fischer, Witold J Lipski ... R Mark Richardson
    When coupling between STN spikes and cortical gamma oscillations was strong, subsequent movement was initiated earlier, independent of changes in mean firing rates, demonstrating the importance of relative spike timing.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Adjusting for age improves identification of gut microbiome alterations in multiple diseases

    Tarini S Ghosh, Mrinmoy Das ... Paul W O'Toole
    A multi-cohort analysis of 2,500 gut microbiomes and five major diseases discovers that disease-microbiome associations display specific age-centric trends, with diseases characterized by age-centric trends of species gain/loss.
    1. Physics of Living Systems

    Energetic and physical limitations on the breaching performance of large whales

    Paolo S Segre, Jean Potvin ... Jeremy A Goldbogen
    Muscle power-generating capabilities, and not energetic limitations, limit the breaching abilities of the largest whales.
    1. Medicine

    A synthetic dataset primer for the biobehavioural sciences to promote reproducibility and hypothesis generation

    Daniel S Quintana
    Sharing synthetic datasets that mimic original datasets that could not otherwise be made publicly available can help ensure reproducibility and facilitate data exploration while maintaining participant privacy.
    1. Developmental Biology

    LIS1 determines cleavage plane positioning by regulating actomyosin-mediated cell membrane contractility

    Hyang Mi Moon, Simon Hippenmeyer ... Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
    Novel insights into LIS1-dependent regulation of cell membrane contractility and cleavage axis specification identify a key molecular network regulating mitoses of neural progenitors and somatic cells during development.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Neuroscience

    Losing Dnmt3a dependent methylation in inhibitory neurons impairs neural function by a mechanism impacting Rett syndrome

    Laura A Lavery, Kerstin Ure ... Huda Y Zoghbi
    Dnmt3a regulates gene expression in inhibitory neurons by writing all mCH and some mCG, and MeCP2 reads some of these mCH sites driving a portion of these gene expression changes.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    An asymmetric sheath controls flagellar supercoiling and motility in the leptospira spirochete

    Kimberley H Gibson, Felipe Trajtenberg ... Charles Vaughn Sindelar
    The corkscrew-like motility of Spirochete bacteria is enabled by a unique, asymmetrically constructed flagellum that wraps around the cell body within the periplasm.
    1. Neuroscience

    Representation of visual landmarks in retrosplenial cortex

    Lukas F Fischer, Raul Mojica Soto-Albors ... Mark T Harnett
    Retrosplenial cortex encodes landmarks by integrating visual inputs with other task-related variables in a supralinear fashion.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    PHF19 mediated regulation of proliferation and invasiveness in prostate cancer cells

    Payal Jain, Cecilia Ballare ... Luciano Di Croce
    Depletion of PHF19 in prostate cancer cells leads to an increase in MTF2 and PRC2 chromatin occupancy causing deregulation of key genes critical for proliferation and metastasis.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Metabolic and non-metabolic liver zonation is established non-synchronously and requires sinusoidal Wnts

    Ruihua Ma, Angelica S Martínez-Ramírez ... Beatriz Sosa-Pineda
    Mouse genetic approaches show that multiple Wnt endothelial sources orchestrate the spatiotemporal distribution of hepatocyte functions during liver maturation and respecify metabolic zonation during liver repair.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural model for differential cap maturation at growing microtubule ends

    Juan Estévez-Gallego, Fernando Josa-Prado ... Maria A Oliva
    The tubulin GTPase cycle structurally modulates the microtubule cap, causing lattice expansion, which is an intermediate state involved in phosphate release and regulatory signaling.
    1. Genetics and Genomics

    Can education be personalised using pupils’ genetic data?

    Tim T Morris, Neil M Davies, George Davey Smith
    Current polygenic scores for education do not provide accurate predictions of educational achievement above other data or at the individual level.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Fatal amyloid formation in a patient’s antibody light chain is caused by a single point mutation

    Pamina Kazman, Marie-Theres Vielberg ... Johannes Buchner
    Identifying the patient-specific mutation that shifted the antibody light chain to the deadly fibrillar species provides new insight in the molecular pathogenesis of AL amyloidosis.
    1. Physics of Living Systems

    Reversal of contractility as a signature of self-organization in cytoskeletal bundles

    Martin Lenz
    Quantitative, experimentally testable predictions allow discrimination between contraction mechanisms in disordered actomyosin and microtubule/motor bundles.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Fully automated, sequential focused ion beam milling for cryo-electron tomography

    Tobias Zachs, Andreas Schertel ... Martin Pilhofer
    The automation of cryo-focused ion beam milling enables previously unfeasible cryo-electron tomography projects.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Bacterial cell cycle control by citrate synthase independent of enzymatic activity

    Matthieu Bergé, Julian Pezzatti ... Patrick H Viollier
    A key enzyme of central energy metabolism, citrate synthase, regulates bacterial cell cycle progression at a very specific stage (S-phase) and independently of its enzymatic activity.
    1. Neuroscience

    Inference of nonlinear receptive field subunits with spike-triggered clustering

    Nishal P Shah, Nora Brackbill ... EJ Chichilnisky
    Nonlinear receptive field subunits in retinal ganglion cells are isolated and characterized by clustering spike-triggered stimuli, and validated on population responses to naturalistic and novel closed loop stimuli.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Flexible linkers in CaMKII control the balance between activating and inhibitory autophosphorylation

    Moitrayee Bhattacharyya, Young Kwang Lee ... John Kuriyan
    Differences in the flexible linkers connecting the kinase domain to an oligomeric hub modulate CaMKII activity by changing the balance between activating and inhibitory autophosphorylation.
    1. Neuroscience

    Temporal chunking as a mechanism for unsupervised learning of task-sets

    Flora Bouchacourt, Stefano Palminteri ... Srdjan Ostojic
    Model-based analyses of human behaviour and neural activity show that representations of concurrent task-sets emerge by merging together representations of individual stimulus-response associations that occur in temporal proximity.
    1. Cell Biology

    Male meiotic spindle features that efficiently segregate paired and lagging chromosomes

    Gunar Fabig, Robert Kiewisz ... Thomas Müller-Reichert
    Chromosome segregation in male spermatocytes exhibits anaphase A without shortening of autosome-associated microtubules and partitioning of an unpaired X chromosome that is initiated by an imbalance of attached kinetochore microtubules.
    1. Neuroscience

    Visual cue-related activity of cells in the medial entorhinal cortex during navigation in virtual reality

    Amina A Kinkhabwala, Yi Gu ... David W Tank
    Cue cells in the medial entorhinal cortex encode visual cues during virtual navigation, supporting the hypothesis that the brain represents visual cue information to error-correct grid cell firing during path-integration.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural basis for pharmacological modulation of the TRPC6 channel

    Yonghong Bai, Xinchao Yu ... Xin Huang
    Novel drug-binding sites of TRPC6 could potentially facilitate future design of drugs to treat TRPC6-mediated diseases.
    1. Physics of Living Systems

    Sperm chemotaxis is driven by the slope of the chemoattractant concentration field

    Héctor Vicente Ramírez-Gómez, Vilma Jimenez Sabinina ... Adán Guerrero
    The slope of the chemoattractant concentration gradient is a driving force for sperm chemotaxis, by coordinating the entrainment of information flow between sensing, signaling and motility.
    1. Neuroscience

    Microglial depletion disrupts normal functional development of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb

    Jenelle Wallace, Julia Lord ... Venkatesh N Murthy
    Adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb that develop in the absence of microglia have a higher density of small spines but weaker excitatory inputs and reduced responses to sensory stimuli.
    1. Neuroscience

    Contextual and cross-modality modulation of auditory cortical processing through pulvinar mediated suppression

    Xiao-lin Chou, Qi Fang ... Li I Zhang
    Electrophysiological recording and optogenetic manipulation approaches reveal that a multisensory bottom-up SC-LP-A1 pathway plays a role in contextual and cross-modality modulation of auditory cortical processing.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Eya2 promotes cell cycle progression by regulating DNA damage response during vertebrate limb regeneration

    Konstantinos Sousounis, Donald M Bryant ... Jessica L Whited
    Experimental manipulation of a core DNA damage response factor and cell-cycle checkpoint regulators reveals a key role for these processes in the progenitor cells that fuel limb regeneration.
    1. Cell Biology

    A highly responsive pyruvate sensor reveals pathway-regulatory role of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier MPC

    Robinson Arce-Molina, Francisca Cortés-Molina ... Alejandro San Martín
    A user-friendly genetically-encoded fluorescent sensor of improved dynamic range is introduced to facilitate the study of mitochondrial metabolism and diversity.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A large genomic insertion containing a duplicated follistatin gene is linked to the pea aphid male wing dimorphism

    Binshuang Li, Ryan D Bickel ... Jennifer A Brisson
    The application of long-read sequencing to the pea aphid wing dimorphism system reveals genomic structural divergence as a genetic mechanism of adaptation.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    RNA-guided retargeting of Sleeping Beauty transposition in human cells

    Adrian Kovač, Csaba Miskey ... Zoltán Ivics
    Fusion proteins composed of the Sleeping Beauty transposase and catalytically inactive Cas9 target transposon integration into genomic regions specified by single guide RNAs.
    1. Neuroscience

    Presynaptic PTPσ regulates postsynaptic NMDA receptor function through direct adhesion-independent mechanisms

    Kyungdeok Kim, Wangyong Shin ... Eunjoon Kim
    Presynaptic adhesion molecule PTPσ in the hippocampus regulates postsynaptic NMDA receptor function and behavioral novelty recognition through mechanisms independent of their trans-synaptic binding partners.
    1. Neuroscience

    Brain aging comprises many modes of structural and functional change with distinct genetic and biophysical associations

    Stephen M Smith, Lloyd T Elliott ... Karla L Miller
    Imaging of structure and function in the brain from thousands of participants was used along with genetics and biophysical measures to study many different aspects of how the brain ages.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Cell type composition and circuit organization of clonally related excitatory neurons in the juvenile mouse neocortex

    Cathryn R Cadwell, Federico Scala ... Andreas Savas Tolias
    Excitatory cortical neurons with a shared developmental lineage are transcriptomically diverse and preferentially connect to each other vertically, across cortical layers, but not laterally within the same layer.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Identification of scavenger receptor B1 as the airway microfold cell receptor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Haaris S Khan, Vidhya R Nair ... Michael U Shiloh
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis penetrates the airway mucosa through M cells via the mycobacterial virulence factor EsxA and the host M cell surface receptor scavenger receptor B1.
    1. Neuroscience

    Saccade suppression depends on context

    Eckart Zimmermann
    The ability to smoothly perceive the environment across saccades without disturbing retinal motion sensations is generated by eye movement contingent habituation.
    1. Neuroscience

    NeuroQuery, comprehensive meta-analysis of human brain mapping

    Jérôme Dockès, Russell A Poldrack ... Gaël Varoquaux
    Full-text analysis of the human brain-imaging literature can predict the spatial distribution of observations in the brain given the description of a subject of study.
    1. Cell Biology

    USP16 counteracts mono-ubiquitination of RPS27a and promotes maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit

    Christian Montellese, Jasmin van den Heuvel ... Ulrike Kutay
    The deubiquitinase USP16 is associated with cytoplasmic precursors of 40S ribosomal subunits and promotes their final maturation by removal of trans-monoubiquitin from RPS27a.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Comprehensive fitness maps of Hsp90 show widespread environmental dependence

    Julia M Flynn, Ammeret Rossouw ... Daniel NA Bolon
    Environmental conditions strongly impact the fitness effects of Hsp90, resulting in the selection of Hsp90 sequences in nature that are robust to a variety of stressful conditions.
    1. Neuroscience

    Proteome profile of peripheral myelin in healthy mice and in a neuropathy model

    Sophie B Siems, Olaf Jahn ... Hauke B Werner
    A comprehensive compendium of myelin proteins in the peripheral nervous system has been created, alongside a method to address molecular diversity of myelin sheaths in health and disease.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    ARL13B regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling from outside primary cilia

    Eduardo D Gigante, Megan R Taylor ... Tamara Caspary
    ARL13B regulates cell ciliation and cilia length from within cilia and Sonic hedgehog response from outside of cilia indicating the two processes can be spatially uncoupled.
    1. Neuroscience

    Cortical encoding of melodic expectations in human temporal cortex

    Giovanni M Di Liberto, Claire Pelofi ... Nima Mesgarani
    Computational models of musical structure reveal cortical encoding of pitch and rhythm expectations during naturalistic music listening.
    1. Cancer Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    SLAMF6​ deficiency augments tumor killing and skews toward an effector phenotype revealing it as a novel T cell checkpoint

    Emma Hajaj, Galit Eisenberg ... Michal Lotem
    SLAMF6 is an inhibitory checkpoint of T cells, the lack of which leads to better tumor control, suggesting a new immunotherapy target.
    1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Genetic inactivation of mTORC1 or mTORC2 in neurons reveals distinct functions in glutamatergic synaptic transmission

    Matthew P McCabe, Erin R Cullen ... Matthew C Weston
    The crucial regulator of brain function, mTOR, signals through distinct macromolecular complexes to control how synaptic vesicles are released from the presynaptic terminal.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    p16 deficiency attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by adjusting oxidative stress and nucleus pulposus cell cycle

    Hui Che, Jie Li ... Yongxin Ren
    A novel IVDD mechanism that involves p16 is demonstrated and theoretical evidence is provided for effective methods to downregulate p16 and so reverse IVDD.
    1. Neuroscience

    A neurobiological association of revenge propensity during intergroup conflict

    Xiaochun Han, Michele J Gelfand ... Shihui Han
    Intergroup conflict increases human endogenous oxytocin, which predicts the medial prefrontal activity associated with ingroup pain and propensity to seek revenge upon the outgroup.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    An ultralong CDRH2 in HCV neutralizing antibody demonstrates structural plasticity of antibodies against E2 glycoprotein

    Andrew I Flyak, Stormy E Ruiz ... Pamela J Bjorkman
    The crystal structure of neutralizing antibody AR3X in complex with HCV E2 glycoprotein reveals unusual features of antibody recognition in which a conserved epitope is recognized by distinct antibody poses.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    New approach for membrane protein reconstitution into peptidiscs and basis for their adaptability to different proteins

    Gabriella Angiulli, Harveer Singh Dhupar ... Thomas Walz
    Cryo-EM structures reveal how the peptidisc scaffold can adapt to different membrane proteins, establishing it as a universal membrane mimetic to stabilize membrane proteins in solution.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    The evolution of the vestibular apparatus in apes and humans

    Alessandro Urciuoli, Clément Zanolli ... David M Alba
    The morphology of the inner ear distinguishes major anthropoid clades and enables the proposal of various shared-derived features for apes as a whole, lesser apes, and great apes and humans.
    1. Neuroscience

    Lamina-specific AMPA receptor dynamics following visual deprivation in vivo

    Han L Tan, Richard H Roth ... Richard L Huganir
    Longitudinal imaging of synapses in the brain shows that sensory deprivation differentially modifies specific synapses within individual neurons across distinct layers of the sensory cortex.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Mushroom body evolution demonstrates homology and divergence across Pancrustacea

    Nicholas James Strausfeld, Gabriella Hanna Wolff, Marcel Ethan Sayre
    Demonstrating extreme diversity across crustaceans while contrasting with evolutionary stability in insects, mushroom body homologues further underpin the unity of Pancrustacea and shed new light on arthropod brain evolution.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Tumors attenuating the mitochondrial activity in T cells escape from PD-1 blockade therapy

    Alok Kumar, Kenji Chamoto ... Tasuku Honjo
    Downregulation of mitochondrial activity by immunosuppressive tumor-derived soluble factors leads to systemic unresponsiveness to the PD-1 blockade therapy.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    A novel role for lipoxin A4 in driving a lymph node–eye axis that controls autoimmunity to the neuroretina

    Jessica Wei, Mary J Mattapallil ... Rachel R Caspi
    LXA4 in lymph nodes is an important resident homeostatic regulator that controls effector T cell functions and egress in the development of adaptive immune responses.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Mannose receptor is an HIV restriction factor counteracted by Vpr in macrophages

    Jay Lubow, Maria C Virgilio ... Kathleen L Collins
    Interactions between HIV-1 Env and human mannose receptor enhance HIV entry but restrict viral egress and spread in the absence of Vpr.
    1. Cell Biology

    A protein quality control pathway at the mitochondrial outer membrane

    Meredith B Metzger, Jessica L Scales ... Allan M Weissman
    Temperature-sensitive mitochondrial outer membrane proteins used as novel quality control substrates reveal a unique mitochondria-associated degradation pathway consisting of both cytosolic and mitochondrial ubiquitin-proteasome system machinery.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Enhanced ER-associated degradation of HMG CoA reductase causes embryonic lethality associated with Ubiad1 deficiency

    Youngah Jo, Steven S Kim ... Russell A DeBose-Boyd
    Embryonic lethality associated with deficiency of UBIAD1, which synthesizes a vitamin K2 subtype, results from aberrant ER-associated degradation of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme HMG CoA reductase.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    C9orf72 arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins disrupt karyopherin-mediated nuclear import

    Lindsey R Hayes, Lauren Duan ... Jeffrey D Rothstein
    Poly-PR and poly-GR interact with importin β, disrupt importin-cargo loading, and inhibit nuclear import in permeabilized cells in a manner that can be rescued by RNA.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Different CFTR modulator combinations downregulate inflammation differently in cystic fibrosis

    Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths, Thomas Scambler ... Daniel Peckham
    CFTR modulators have potent innate anti-inflammatory properties that can be measured in clinic, both ex vivo and in vitro, which can be used to predict treatment efficacy.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Structure-based discovery of potent and selective melatonin receptor agonists

    Nilkanth Patel, Xi Ping Huang ... Vsevolod Katritch
    Large scale virtual screening using recently solved structures of Melatonin receptors yield discovery of 10 new high-affinity selective agonists, also revealing novel functional features, including biased signaling at Melatonin receptors.

Magazine

    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Bacterial Immunity: An adaptable defense

    Michael A Schelling, Dipali G Sashital
  1. Peer Review: Publishing in the time of COVID-19

    Michael B Eisen, Anna Akhmanova ... Detlef Weigel
    1. Genetics and Genomics

    Science Forum: The single-cell eQTLGen consortium

    MGP van der Wijst, DH de Vries ... L Franke
  2. Meta-Research: Reader engagement with medical content on Wikipedia

    Lauren A Maggio, Ryan M Steinberg ... John M Willinsky
  3. Research Culture: Framework for advancing rigorous research

    Walter J Koroshetz, Shannon Behrman ... Shai D Silberberg
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Evolution: Mapping the ancestry of primates

    Ignacio Martínez, Mercedes Conde-Valverde