December 2021

Research articles

1. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   SSNA1 stabilizes dynamic microtubules and detects microtubule damage

   Elizabeth J Lawrence, Goker Arpag ... Marija Zanic

   SSNA1 is a potent microtubule stabilizer and novel sensor of microtubule damage, acting on both microtubule ends and lattices to regulate microtubule dynamics and protect microtubules against severing activity.
2. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Immunology and Inflammation

   Robust T cell activation requires an eIF3-driven burst in T cell receptor translation

   Dasmanthie De Silva, Lucas Ferguson ... Jamie HD Cate

   Binding of the translation initiation factor eIF3 to the messenger RNAs encoding the T cell receptor subunits alpha and beta is required to drive a short burst in their translation and promote a strong T cell response.
3. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   pH-dependent 11° F₁F_O ATP synthase sub-steps reveal insight into the F_O torque generating mechanism

   Seiga Yanagisawa, Wayne D Frasch

   Single-molecule F₁F_O studies show mutation-dependent pKa changes of both F_O half-channels, and proton translocation-dependent 11° ATP synthase-direction sub-steps, which support a Grotthuss proton transfer-dependent two-step F_O torque generating mechanism.
4. 1. Neuroscience

   Superior colliculus drives stimulus-evoked directionally biased saccades and attempted head movements in head-fixed mice

   Sebastian H Zahler, David E Taylor ... Evan H Feinberg

   Mouse gaze shifts are unexpectedly flexible.
5. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Defining the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome identifies SMIM4 and TMEM223 as respiratory chain assembly factors

   Sven Dennerlein, Sabine Poerschke ... Peter Rehling

   Definition of the mitoribosome interactome revealed inner membrane proteins and elucidated new assembly factors of the cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase.
6. 1. Neuroscience
   2. Physics of Living Systems

   A theory of synaptic transmission

   Bin Wang, Olga K Dudko

   The analytic theory establishes the general principles of synaptic transmission, enables extraction of microscopic parameters of synaptic fusion machinery from experiments, and links molecular constituents to synaptic function.
7. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies

   Keith F DeLuca, Jeanne E Mick ... Jennifer G DeLuca

   Tools and methodologies to create and diversify recombinant antibodies and antibody fragments provide researchers with the ability to generate low-cost, high-yield immunological reagents.
8. 1. Medicine

   Bisphosphonate drugs have actions in the lung and inhibit the mevalonate pathway in alveolar macrophages

   Marcia A Munoz, Emma K Fletcher ... Michael J Rogers

   As well as preventing bone loss, bisphosphonate drugs may boost early immune responses in the lung by acting directly on alveolar macrophages that form one of the first lines of defence against infection.
9. 1. Physics of Living Systems

   Learning developmental mode dynamics from single-cell trajectories

   Nicolas Romeo, Alasdair Hastewell ... Jörn Dunkel

   A computational framework enables the inference of hydrodynamic continuum models for collective cell migration from live-cell imaging data recorded in zebrafish embryos.
10. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Molecular structures and conformations of protocadherin-15 and its complexes on stereocilia elucidated by cryo-electron tomography

    Johannes Elferich, Sarah Clark ... Eric Gouaux

    Direct imaging of individual molecules of the tip-link protein PCDH15 in mouse stereocilia shows that it assembles as a dimer, forms complexes that span stereocilia, and occurs in clusters with multiple copies of the PCDH15 dimer.
11. 1. Neuroscience

    The anterior paired lateral neuron normalizes odour-evoked activity in the Drosophila mushroom body calyx

    Luigi Prisco, Stephan Hubertus Deimel ... Gaia Tavosanis

    By participating in the microglomerular microcircuit in the Drosophila mushroom body calyx, the anterior paired lateral neuron normalizes odour-evoked representations at the calyx via inhibition proportional to the input strength and localized to the regions where those inputs are positioned.
12. 1. Developmental Biology

    Delilah, prospero, and D-Pax2 constitute a gene regulatory network essential for the development of functional proprioceptors

    Adel Avetisyan, Yael Glatt ... Adi Salzberg

    Novel binding sites within a chordotonal-specific enhancer of the delilah gene integrates opposing signals of Prospero and D-Pax2 to control the alternative differentiation programs of cap versus scolopale cells.
13. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    aCPSF1 cooperates with terminator U-tract to dictate archaeal transcription termination efficacy

    Jie Li, Lei Yue ... Xiuzhu Dong

    Term-seq, genetic and biochemical experiments reveal that the trans-action factor aCPSF1 and the terminator U-tract cis-element work in a noteworthy two-in-one termination mode in archaea, and may represent an archetypal mode of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II termination machinery.
14. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Medicine

    Hepatic MIR20B promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing PPARA

    Yo Han Lee, Hyun-Jun Jang ... Jang Hyun Choi

    MIR20B has a deteriorating effect in NAFLD by suppressing PPARA, and may serve as a therapeutic target for combination therapy with fenofibrate for NAFLD.
15. 1. Neuroscience

    Partial connectomes of labeled dopaminergic circuits reveal non-synaptic communication and axonal remodeling after exposure to cocaine

    Gregg Wildenberg, Anastasia Sorokina ... Bobby Kasthuri

    3D serial electron microscopy reveals that individual dopamine axons in the nucleus accumbens contain different varicosity types based on their vesicle contents, rarely make synapses, and undergo major structural plasticity in response to cocaine.
16. 1. Neuroscience

    Spatial tuning of face part representations within face-selective areas revealed by high-field fMRI

    Jiedong Zhang, Yong Jiang ... Sheng He

    Consistent spatial clustering and fine-scale neural tuning to different face parts were found within the face-processing regions, which may be the neural implementation of efficient neural computation for face identification.
17. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Molecular determinants of phase separation for Drosophila DNA replication licensing factors

    Matthew W Parker, Jonchee A Kao ... Michael R Botchan

    The intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of metazoan DNA replication licensing factors phase separate through synergistic electrostatic DNA-IDR and hydrophobic inter-IDR interactions.
18. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure and ion-release mechanism of P_IB-4-type ATPases

    Christina Grønberg, Qiaoxia Hu ... Pontus Gourdon

    A biochemical approach unveils the overall shape of a subclass of heavy-metal transporting pumps, thereby shedding light on principle molecular determinants linked to the transport mechanism of these elusive machines, information that is critical well beyond basic science.
19. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Nano-scale architecture of blood-brain barrier tight-junctions

    Esther Sasson, Shira Anzi ... Ayal Ben-Zvi

    Super-resolution imaging uncovers sparse occludin vs. clustered ZO1/claudin-5 architecture, and claudin-5 arrangement compacting during blood-brain-barrier tight-junction (TJ) maturation in which TJs become first restrictive to large and later to small molecules.
20. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Human MAIT cells respond to and suppress HIV-1

    Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Prabhjeet Phalora ... Paul Klenerman

    In depth phenotyping from tissues and in vitro activation studies reveal antiviral function of MAIT cells- with particular emphasis on HIV infection.
21. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Novel mechanistic insights into the role of Mer2 as the keystone of meiotic DNA break formation

    Dorota Rousová, Vaishnavi Nivsarkar ... John R Weir

    Mer2 interacts directly with meiotic chromatin, axial proteins, and the DNA break forming machinery to facilitate the formation of meiotic double-strand breaks.
22. 1. Cancer Biology

    Hyaluronic acid fuels pancreatic cancer cell growth

    Peter K Kim, Christopher J Halbrook ... Costas A Lyssiotis

    Pancreatic cancers can utilize hyaluronic acid, an abundant extracellular matrix component in the tumor microenvironment, to fuel cancer cell metabolism and growth.
23. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    A dual endosymbiosis supports nutritional adaptation to hematophagy in the invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum

    Marie Buysse, Anna Maria Floriano ... Olivier Duron

    The invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum relies on a dual partner nutritional system to provide B vitamins and avoid nutritional deficiencies due to its exclusive blood diet.
24. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    De novo synthesized polyunsaturated fatty acids operate as both host immunomodulators and nutrients for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Thomas Laval, Laura Pedró-Cos ... Caroline Demangel

    Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers de novo synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids by host macrophages, which promote their antimicrobial responses but feed the intracellular pathogen.
25. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A modular platform for automated cryo-FIB workflows

    Sven Klumpe, Herman KH Fung ... Julia Mahamid

    SerialFIB is an adaptable open-source software designed for streamlining, advanced development and automation of cryo-focused ion beam-based cellular preparations for in situ cryo-electron tomography.
26. 1. Neuroscience

    Dynamic decision policy reconfiguration under outcome uncertainty

    Krista Bond, Kyle Dunovan ... Timothy Verstynen

    A suspected change in action-outcome contingencies evokes a stereotyped response in the processes underlying a decision, resulting in a slow exploratory decision policy that gradually shifts to an exploitative policy as the environment remains stable.
27. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Cnidarian hair cell development illuminates an ancient role for the class IV POU transcription factor in defining mechanoreceptor identity

    Ethan Ozment, Arianna N Tamvacakis ... Nagayasu Nakanishi

    Developmental genetics of sea anemone mechanosensory neurons provides insights into the deep evolutionary history of mechanoreceptor development in animals.
28. 1. Neuroscience

    Distributed coding of duration in rodent prefrontal cortex during time reproduction

    Josephine Henke, David Bunk ... Kay Thurley

    Mixed responses in single cells or distributed across a local population of neurons can explain regression effects during time reproduction.
29. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural basis of malaria transmission blockade by a monoclonal antibody to gamete fusogen HAP2

    Juan Feng, Xianchi Dong ... Timothy A Springer

    Structures of a gamete fusogen and antibody fragments bound to its domain 3, and inhibition of parasite fertilization, bring us closer to creating a vaccine to block transmission by mosquitoes of malaria from one person to another.
30. 1. Cancer Biology

    Extent, impact, and mitigation of batch effects in tumor biomarker studies using tissue microarrays

    Konrad H Stopsack, Svitlana Tyekucheva ... Lorelei A Mucci

    Tissue microarrays, a high-throughout approach to quantifying biomarkers used in hundreds of cancer studies every year, are susceptible to batch effects that can alter results but that are readily addressable.
31. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Anopheles salivary antigens as serological biomarkers of vector exposure and malaria transmission: A systematic review with multilevel modelling

    Ellen A Kearney, Paul A Agius ... Freya JI Fowkes

    A systematic review with multilevel modelling quantified the positive association between human antibodies to Anopheles salivary proteins with Anopheles-human biting rate and epidemiological measures of malaria transmission, highlighting their potential as a tool to measure vector exposure and malaria transmission.
32. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    FMRP regulates mRNAs encoding distinct functions in the cell body and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons

    Caryn R Hale, Kirsty Sawicka ... Robert B Darnell

    Combining compartment- and cell-type specific transcriptomic approaches reveals FMRP regulation of synaptic regulators in the dendrites and chromatin regulators in the cell bodies of CA1 neurons.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Slowly evolving dopaminergic activity modulates the moment-to-moment probability of reward-related self-timed movements

    Allison E Hamilos, Giulia Spedicato ... John A Assad

    Dynamic dopaminergic signaling modulates the timing of reward-related movements by tuning the moment-to-moment probability of their onset.
34. 1. Cell Biology

    Acetyl-CoA production by specific metabolites promotes cardiac repair after myocardial infarction via histone acetylation

    Ienglam Lei, Shuo Tian ... Zhong Wang

    An acetyl-CoA-mediated metabolic and epigenetic network has been elucidated that stimulates histone acetylation and anti-oxidative stress gene expression for heart repair after myocardial infarction.
35. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Crosstalk with keratinocytes causes GNAQ oncogene specificity in melanoma

    Oscar Urtatiz, Amanda Haage ... Catherine D Van Raamsdonk

    G alpha q/11 signaling can either promote or inhibit melanocyte growth through a reversible switch that is controlled by the microenvironment and that shapes the mutational diversity of melanoma subtypes.
36. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Addition of a carboxy-terminal tail to the normally tailless gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor impairs fertility in female mice

    Chirine Toufaily, Jérôme Fortin ... Daniel J Bernard

    The absence of a carboxy-terminal tail in the GnRH receptor is not required for the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge and fertility in mammals.
37. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-dependent integration of redox and amino acid metabolism

    Dylan Gerard Ryan, Ming Yang ... Christian Frezza

    Multi-omic analyses reveal a connection between the integrated stress response and the regulation of redox and amino acid metabolism when the TCA cycle is impaired.
38. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    External signals regulate continuous transcriptional states in hematopoietic stem cells

    Eva M Fast, Audrey Sporrij ... Leonard I Zon

    In vivo modulation of the prostaglandin, interferon, or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor pathway induces rapid and specific transcriptional changes in hematopoietic stem cells with significant heterogeneity in the cellular response.
39. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Inflammasome activation leads to cDC1-independent cross-priming of CD8 T cells by epithelial cell-derived antigen

    Katherine A Deets, Randilea Nichols Doyle ... Russell E Vance

    A mouse model of inducible inflammasome activation in intestinal epithelial cells reveals separate inflammasome-dependent and -independent cross-presentation pathways for epithelial cell-derived antigen.
40. 1. Cell Biology

    Role of distinct fibroblast lineages and immune cells in dermal repair following UV radiation-induced tissue damage

    Emanuel Rognoni, Georgina Goss ... Fiona M Watt

    UV irradiation, a major cause of skin damage, leads to selective loss of fibroblasts from the upper dermis via a deregulated inflammatory response, and infiltrating T cells can promote fibroblast survival in UV irradiated skin.
41. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    The induction of pyrenoid synthesis by hyperoxia and its implications for the natural diversity of photosynthetic responses in Chlamydomonas

    Peter Neofotis, Joshua Temple ... David M Kramer

    The algal pyrenoid is formed at high O₂ levels, even when CO₂ is high, implying that a product of photosynthesis, most likely H₂O₂ acts as a signal.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    Behavioral evidence for nested central pattern generator control of Drosophila grooming

    Primoz Ravbar, Neil Zhang, Julie H Simpson

    Complex motor behaviors can be assembled from simpler repeating elements controlled by pattern-generation circuits operating at different time scales.
43. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Evolutionary footprints of a cold relic in a rapidly warming world

    Eva Wolf, Emmanuel Gaquerel ... Marcus A Koch

    Evolutionary dynamics of polyploid plants of the genus Cochlearia during past periods of rapid climate change indicate increased rates of speciation and diversification in response to pronounced glacial cycles and cold periods in particular.
44. 1. Ecology

    New Caledonian crows keep ‘valuable’ hooked tools safer than basic non-hooked tools

    Barbara C Klump, James JH St Clair, Christian Rutz

    Animals’ tool-handling behaviour can be used to make inferences about the value they ascribe to different tool types, unlocking considerable research potential for observational and experimental studies across diverse species.
45. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Mimicry can drive convergence in structural and light transmission features of transparent wings in Lepidoptera

    Charline Sophie Pinna, Maëlle Vilbert ... Marianne Elias

    Wing transparency in mimetic butterflies and moths is achieved by an unexpected diversity of structural features, and both structures and light transmission properties of wings are under selection for convergence.
46. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    IL-2/JES6-1 mAb complexes dramatically increase sensitivity to LPS through IFN-γ production by CD25⁺Foxp3^- T cells

    Jakub Tomala, Petra Weberova ... Marek Kovar

    Strong sustained IL-2 signal selective for CD25⁺ cells induces emergence of CD25⁺Foxp3^- T cells producing IFN-γ in various organs causing enormous increase in the sensitivity to LPS.
47. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Proton transfer pathway in anion channelrhodopsin-1

    Masaki Tsujimura, Keiichi Kojima ... Hiroshi Ishikita

    Asp234 is deprotonated in the ground state and forms the proton transfer pathway that proceeds from the Schiff base toward Glu68 in the intermediate state of the anion channelrhodopsin GtACR1.
48. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    In silico-labeled ghost cytometry

    Masashi Ugawa, Yoko Kawamura ... Sadao Ota

    Stain-free ‘imaging’ flow cytometry enables high-throughput cell classification and sorting based on machine-predicted labels.
49. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Hemodynamic molecular imaging of tumor-associated enzyme activity in the living brain

    Mitul Desai, Jitendra Sharma ... Alan Jasanoff

    A vasoactive molecular imaging probe provides capability for sensitive functional imaging of cancer-associated protease activity in vivo.
50. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    3D virtual histopathology of cardiac tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase-contrast X-ray tomography

    Marius Reichardt, Patrick Moller Jensen ... Tim Salditt

    X-ray phase-contrast tomography reveals pathology of capillaries in heart tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19, as well as alterations in the three-dimensional cardiac tissue structure.
51. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Determinants shaping the nanoscale architecture of the mouse rod outer segment

    Matthias Pöge, Julia Mahamid ... Wolfgang Baumeister

    Cryo-electron tomography of close-to-native rod outer segments resolves connectors between disks and a scaffold at the disk rim enforcing the high membrane curvature of the unique long-range organization in these rhodopsin-rich light-sensitive subcellular organelles.
52. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Evolution of brilliant iridescent feather nanostructures

    Klara Katarina Nordén, Chad M Eliason, Mary Caswell Stoddard

    Despite having different shapes and structures, the melanosomes (melanin-packed organelles) in bird feathers often produce thin melanin layers, giving rise to brilliant iridescence.
53. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The energetic basis for smooth human arm movements

    Jeremy D Wong, Tyler Cluff, Arthur D Kuo

    An energetic cost related to force rate is quantified in human arm movements, and minimizing this cost predicts smoothness without minimizing variance, unifies motor-planning of smoothness and movement duration, and may help resolve motor redundancies.
54. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Phylogenomic and mitogenomic data can accelerate inventorying of tropical beetles during the current biodiversity crisis

    Michal Motyka, Dominik Kusy ... Ladislav Bocak

    Integrated phylogenomics and mitochondrial DNA inventory of net-winged beetles across three continents suggest ~1000 undescribed species, biodiversity hot spots, and phylogeny-based classification that sets up the basis for further research.
55. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure-guided glyco-engineering of ACE2 for improved potency as soluble SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor

    Tümay Capraz, Nikolaus F Kienzl ... Johannes Stadlmann

    Molecular dynamics simulation assisted engineering of recombinant soluble human ACE2 N-glycosylation by site-directed mutagenesis or glycosidase treatment yields a superior SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor.
56. 1. Ecology

    Naïve individuals promote collective exploration in homing pigeons

    Gabriele Valentini, Theodore P Pavlic ... Takao Sasaki

    Ephemeral leadership between differently experienced birds regulates the balance between exploration and exploitation over successive homing flights in a manner that facilitates the accumulation of route innovations.
57. 1. Neuroscience

    Light sets the brain’s daily clock by regional quickening and slowing of the molecular clockworks at dawn and dusk

    Suil Kim, Douglas G McMahon

    Light signals adjusting the brain's daily clock induce distinct waveform changes in molecular clock gene rhythms at dawn and dusk, and trigger regionally differential clock changes.
58. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Plant Biology

    The decrotonylase FoSir5 facilitates mitochondrial metabolic state switching in conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum

    Ning Zhang, Limin Song ... Wenxing Liang

    The decrotonylase FoSir5 modulates ATP synthesis that supports conidial germination in Fusarium oxysporum through coordinated lysine decrotonylation in different organelles.
59. 1. Neuroscience

    BNP facilitates NMB-encoded histaminergic itch via NPRC-NMBR crosstalk

    Qing-Tao Meng, Xian-Yu Liu ... Zhou-Feng Chen

    B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) modulates itch via BNP-NPRC pathway by enhancing NMB-NMBR signaling, which is independently of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-GRPR signaling in the spinal cord.
60. 1. Developmental Biology

    A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis

    Joji Nakayama, Lora Tan ... Zhiyuan Gong

    Zebrafish embryo screen utilizing conserved mechanisms between cancer metastasis and zebrafish gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as anti-metastasis drugs.
61. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    NMNAT promotes glioma growth through regulating post-translational modifications of P53 to inhibit apoptosis

    Jiaqi Liu, Xianzun Tao ... R Grace Zhai

    NMNAT is genetically required for glioma development and promotes glioma growth by allowing a higher tolerance to DNA damage and inhibiting DNA damage-p53-caspase-3 apoptosis signaling pathway by enhancing NAD⁺-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and deacetylation of p53.
62. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    5-Hydroxymethylcytosine-mediated active demethylation is required for mammalian neuronal differentiation and function

    Elitsa Stoyanova, Michael Riad ... Nathaniel Heintz

    5-Hydroxymethylcytosine-mediated active DNA demethylation occurs in postmitotic neurons, and is required for their terminal differentiation and function.
63. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Neural correlates and determinants of approach–avoidance conflict in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex

    Jose A Fernandez-Leon, Douglas S Engelke ... Fabricio H Do Monte

    A combination of electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches revealed a causal role for glutamatergic neurons in the prelimbic cortex in regulating individual differences in decision-making strategies during a threat-avoidance vs. reward-approach conflict paradigm in rats.
64. 1. Neuroscience

    Synaptic targets of photoreceptors specialized to detect color and skylight polarization in Drosophila

    Emil Kind, Kit D Longden ... Mathias F Wernet

    The fly connectome reveals dedicated cell types for processing specific kinds of visual information such as color or skylight polarization.
65. 1. Neuroscience

    Excitatory neurotransmission activates compartmentalized calcium transients in Müller glia without affecting lateral process motility

    Joshua M Tworig, Chandler J Coate, Marla B Feller

    During development, lateral processes of retinal Müller glia are highly motile, and this motility persists when retinal waves and calcium transients are blocked, suggesting that Müller glial morphology is established independent of neuronal activity.
66. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    S-acylation by ZDHHC20 targets ORAI1 channels to lipid rafts for efficient Ca²⁺ signaling by Jurkat T cell receptors at the immune synapse

    Amado Carreras-Sureda, Laurence Abrami ... Nicolas Demaurex

    ORAI1 ion channel lipid modification is required for a proper immune synapse formation and T cell activation.
67. 1. Neuroscience

    Parallel processing by distinct classes of principal neurons in the olfactory cortex

    Shivathmihai Nagappan, Kevin M Franks

    In vivo recordings from identified cell classes in the olfactory cortex of a novel transgenic mouse reveal that distinct classes of principal neurons operate largely in parallel and differentially process odor information.
68. 1. Developmental Biology

    Coronary blood vessels from distinct origins converge to equivalent states during mouse and human development

    Ragini Phansalkar, Josephine Krieger ... Kristy Red-Horse

    Endothelial cells from separate cardiac lineages start off in distinct transcriptional states, but over the course of development converge into transcriptional and functional states which are unrelated to lineage and which are conserved between mouse and human.
69. 1. Neuroscience

    Synaptic memory requires CaMKII

    Wucheng Tao, Joel Lee ... Roger A Nicoll

    Physiology studies demonstrate that CaMKII is a molecular storage device.
70. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    insomniac links the development and function of a sleep-regulatory circuit

    Qiuling Li, Hyunsoo Jang ... Nicholas Stavropoulos

    Spatiotemporal manipulations of insomniac reveal that this gene regulates the birth and development of sleep-regulatory neurons, enabling their proper function in adulthood.
71. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Enhanced specificity mutations perturb allosteric signaling in CRISPR-Cas9

    Lukasz Nierzwicki, Kyle W East ... Giulia Palermo

    Allostery holds critical role in CRISPR-Cas9 specificity enhancement.
72. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Mechanism of life-long maintenance of neuron identity despite molecular fluctuations

    Joleen JH Traets, Servaas N van der Burght ... Jeroen S van Zon

    Differential binding kinetics of a master regulator to its target promoters can prevent spontaneous cell fate loss in a Caenorhabditis elegans neuron whose fate is controlled by a reversible switch.
73. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Biallelic mutations in calcium release activated channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) cause a primary immunodeficiency disorder

    Beibei Wu, Laura Rice ... Sinisa Savic

    Human CRACR2A insufficiency underlies progressive loss of immune competence by uncoupling TCR activation from Ca2+ and MAPK signaling and should be included within the group of combined immunodeficiency disorders in the IEI classification.
74. 1. Neuroscience

    Emergence and function of cortical offset responses in sound termination detection

    Magdalena Solyga, Tania Rinaldi Barkat

    Cortical offset responses are not only inherited from the periphery but also amplified and de novo generated, and preventing them decreases the ability to detect sound termination.
75. 1. Neuroscience

    Respiration aligns perception with neural excitability

    Daniel S Kluger, Elio Balestrieri ... Joachim Gross

    Noninvasive human magnetoencephalography recordings characterize the functional relationship between respiration, neural oscillations, and performance in low-level perception.
76. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Allosteric mechanism of signal transduction in the two-component system histidine kinase PhoQ

    Bruk Mensa, Nicholas F Polizzi ... William F DeGrado

    Mutations along the signaling pathway of the E. coli sensor histidine kinase PhoQ alter signal gain and ligand-sensitivity by altering thermodynamic allosteric coupling between domains.
77. 1. Cell Biology

    V-ATPase V0a1 promotes Weibel–Palade body biogenesis through the regulation of membrane fission

    Yasuo Yamazaki, Yuka Eura, Koichi Kokame

    A V-ATPase component and protein kinase D are required for the segregation of Weibel–Palade bodies from the trans-Golgi network.
78. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Single-cell transcriptome analysis identifies a unique tumor cell type producing multiple hormones in ectopic ACTH and CRH secreting pheochromocytoma

    Xuebin Zhang, Penghu Lian ... Hanzhong Li

    A novel multi-hormones secreting chromaffin-like cell type was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing, suggesting the molecular mechanism of ectopic ACTH and CRH pheochromocytoma associated with Cushing’s syndrome.
79. 1. Neuroscience

    The landscape of regulatory genes in brain-wide neuronal phenotypes of a vertebrate brain

    Hui Zhang, Haifang Wang ... Jie He

    Single-cell transcriptomes of larval zebrafish whole brain shed light on the multidimensional landscapes of transcription factors and post-transcriptional regulators in vertebrate whole-brain neuronal classification and revealed principles of how neuronal cell diversity develops and evolves.
80. 1. Cell Biology

    Rapid genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9-POLD3 fusion

    Ganna Reint, Zhuokun Li ... Emma Haapaniemi

    Novel Cas9 fusion with DNA polymerase delta subunit 3 (POLD3), identified via high-throughput screening of more than 450 DNA repair proteins, enhances editing by speeding up the initiation of DNA repair.
81. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The sleep-wake distribution contributes to the peripheral rhythms in PERIOD-2

    Marieke MB Hoekstra, Maxime Jan ... Paul Franken

    Sleep-wake patterns, together with a suprachiasmatic nuclei-independent circadian factor, are necessary and sufficient to maintain high-amplitude nychthemeral rhythms in PERIOD-2.
82. 1. Neuroscience

    Nonlinear transient amplification in recurrent neural networks with short-term plasticity

    Yue Kris Wu, Friedemann Zenke

    The interplay of recurrent excitation and short-term plasticity enables nonlinear transient amplification, an ideal mechanism for selective amplification, pattern completion, and pattern separation in recurrent neural networks.
83. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Diverse mating phenotypes impact the spread of wtf meiotic drivers in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

    José Fabricio López Hernández, Rachel M Helston ... Sarah E Zanders

    Mating phenotypes are diverse in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the natural variation can impact the spread of wtf meiotic drivers.
84. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Regulation of positive and negative selection and TCR signaling during thymic T cell development by capicua

    Soeun Kim, Guk-Yeol Park ... Yoontae Lee

    Deficiency of capicua, a transcription factor that suppresses autoimmunity, impairs positive and negative selection processes by attenuating TCR signaling in CD4⁺CD8⁺ double-positive thymocytes.
85. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Assembly status transition offers an avenue for activity modulation of a supramolecular enzyme

    Yao Chen, Weiya Xu ... Chengdong Huang

    Mechanistic studies of glutamine synthetase reveals how the complex quaternary structure organizations of a supramolecular enzyme provides a platform necessary for intricate activity regulation machinery to take place.
86. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Rpl24^Bst mutation suppresses colorectal cancer by promoting eEF2 phosphorylation via eEF2K

    John RP Knight, Nikola Vlahov ... Owen J Sansom

    Signalling that maintains rapid translation elongation in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer models can be targeted by mutation of the ribosomal protein RPL24 to suppress tumour proliferation.
87. 1. Cell Biology

    Combined effect of cell geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation of unequal division

    Benoit G Godard, Remi Dumollard ... Alex McDougall

    Cell geometry and polarity domains act in concert to determine spindle positioning, with cell geometry modulating the effect of cortical polarity domains by influencing the position of the spindle relative to those polarity domains.
88. 1. Cancer Biology

    Concomitant activation of GLI1 and Notch1 contributes to racial disparity of human triple negative breast cancer progression

    Sumit Siddharth, Sheetal Parida ... Dipali Sharma

    Elucidation of GLI1-Notch1 axis as key determinant of racial disparity in TNBC growth in African American and White American women.
89. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    The population genetics of collateral resistance and sensitivity

    Sarah M Ardell, Sergey Kryazhimskiy

    A theoretical model that considers the diversity of collateral effects among drug resistance mutations provides insights into the development of robust sequential antibiotic treatments.
90. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Reverting the mode of action of the mitochondrial F_OF₁-ATPase by Legionella pneumophila preserves its replication niche

    Pedro Escoll, Lucien Platon ... Carmen Buchrieser

    During infection, L. pneumophila reverses the ATP-synthase activity of the mitochondrial F_OF₁-ATPase to ATP-hydrolase activity in a type 4 secretion-dependent manner to prevent early cell death, thereby preserving its replication niche.
91. 1. Neuroscience

    Bidirectional synaptic plasticity rapidly modifies hippocampal representations

    Aaron D Milstein, Yiding Li ... Sandro Romani

    Dendritic calcium spikes translocate hippocampal place fields by inducing a non-Hebbian form of bidirectional synaptic plasticity that operates over a seconds-long timescale called behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity.
92. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    A helicase-tethered ORC flip enables bidirectional helicase loading

    Shalini Gupta, Larry J Friedman ... Stephen P Bell

    A single origin–recognition complex (ORC) directs loading of a pair of head-to-head Mcm2-7 replicative DNA helicases by forming a protein tether to the first helicase, releasing from its initial DNA-binding site, and rebinding the origin DNA in the opposite orientation.
93. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    How the insect central complex could coordinate multimodal navigation

    Xuelong Sun, Shigang Yue, Michael Mangan

    The copy-and-shift mechanism modelled in the insect central complex facilitates multimodal navigation, providing a general computation model explaining flexible navigation behaviours.
94. 1. Neuroscience

    Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference

    Lorenz Deserno, Rani Moran ... Raymond J Dolan

    Cooperation between model-free and model-based control systems is boosted by enhancing dopamine levels.
95. 1. Cell Biology

    Cytoplasmic dynein-1 cargo diversity is mediated by the combinatorial assembly of FTS–Hook–FHIP complexes

    Jenna R Christensen, Agnieszka A Kendrick ... Samara L Reck-Peterson

    The combinatorial assembly of different adaptor complexes is a mechanism that dynein uses to interact with multiple cargos.
96. 1. Developmental Biology

    ZAF, the first open source fully automated feeder for aquatic facilities

    Merlin Lange, AhmetCan Solak ... Loïc Alain Royer

    ZAF (Zebrafish Automated Feeder) is the first fully automated, easy to build, and open source fish feeder designed for small and medium sized labs of which there are an estimated 3250 in 100 countries working with Zebrafish alone today.
97. 1. Neuroscience

    Identification of a stereotypic molecular arrangement of endogenous glycine receptors at spinal cord synapses

    Stephanie A Maynard, Philippe Rostaing ... Christian G Specht

    Quantitative super-resolution correlative light and electron microscopy reveals a constant glycine receptor density at native spinal cord synapses that is maintained in the oscillator mouse model of human hyperekplexia.
98. 1. Neuroscience

    Specialized neurons in the right habenula mediate response to aversive olfactory cues

    Jung-Hwa Choi, Erik R Duboue ... Marnie E Halpern

    An asymmetric olfactory projection innervates a small subset of identified neurons in the right habenula, which are activated by a repulsive odorant and mediate prolonged aversive behavior, providing further evidence for lateralization of the zebrafish brain.
99. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Nuclear NAD⁺-biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT1 facilitates development and early survival of retinal neurons

    David Sokolov, Emily R Sechrest ... Saravanan Kolandaivelu

    NMNAT1, a ubiquitously expressed metabolic enzyme linked to inherited blinding disease, is crucial for the proper differentiation of photoreceptor cells and subsequent survival of multiple cell types in the retina.
100. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Blood-brain barrier-restricted translocation of Toxoplasma gondii from cortical capillaries

     Gabriela C Olivera, Emily C Ross ... Antonio Barragan

     The invasion of Toxoplasma to the CNS across cortical capillaries is restricted by the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exacerbated by the inflammatory response.
101. 1. Neuroscience

     Tightly coupled inhibitory and excitatory functional networks in the developing primary visual cortex

     Haleigh N Mulholland, Bettina Hein ... Gordon B Smith

     In vivo calcium imaging reveals that prior to visual experience, inhibitory spontaneous activity in the developing visual cortex is highly modular and participates in large-scale correlated networks that are co-aligned to excitatory activity.
102. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Antigenic evolution of human influenza H3N2 neuraminidase is constrained by charge balancing

     Yiquan Wang, Ruipeng Lei ... Nicholas C Wu

     The local fitness landscape of an antigenic region in influenza neuraminidase was determined by combinatorial mutagenesis and next-generation sequencing.
103. 1. Neuroscience

     Double-μPeriscope, a tool for multilayer optical recordings, optogenetic stimulations or both

     Mototaka Suzuki, Jaan Aru, Matthew E Larkum

     Interactions between near but distinct (<1 mm) structures such as cortical layers in the rodent brain can be studied by a new micro-optical tool that is low-cost and capable of multilayer optical recordings, optogenetic stimulations, or both.
104. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Assessing target engagement using proteome-wide solvent shift assays

     Jonathan G Van Vranken, Jiaming Li ... Steven P Gygi

     Solvent shift assays such as solvent proteome profiling and solvent-PISA are valuable tools for identifying protein-ligand interactions on a proteome-wide scale and can be used to determine drug target engagement, which should benefit future drug discovery efforts.
105. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Investigating the replicability of preclinical cancer biology

     Timothy M Errington, Maya Mathur ... Brian A Nosek

     A project to repeat experiments from high-impact papers in cancer biology found that the effects observed in replications were frequently weaker than, or inconsistent with, the effects reported in the original papers.
106. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Pathogen invasion-dependent tissue reservoirs and plasmid-encoded antibiotic degradation boost plasmid spread in the gut

     Erik Bakkeren, Joana Anuschka Herter ... Wolf-Dietrich Hardt

     Bacterial gut pathogens that invade into host tissues during infection can boost the spread and accumulation of plasmids over time by forming reservoirs containing these plasmids within host tissues.
107. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Serine ADP-ribosylation marks nucleosomes for ALC1-dependent chromatin remodeling

     Jugal Mohapatra, Kyuto Tashiro ... Glen Liszczak

     A technology to produce homogenously poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins reveals key molecular mechanisms that govern ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity at DNA damage sites.
108. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Analysis of long and short enhancers in melanoma cell states

     David Mauduit, Ibrahim Ihsan Taskiran ... Stein Aerts

     Multi-level massively parallel reporter assays (H3K27ac, ATAC and short tiles) in a panel of melanoma cell lines, together with a deep learning model, reveal location, multiplicity and grammar of subtype specific enhancers.
109. 1. Neuroscience

     Rat sensitivity to multipoint statistics is predicted by efficient coding of natural scenes

     Riccardo Caramellino, Eugenio Piasini ... Davide Zoccolan

     Visual sensitivity to correlation patterns in rats matches that previously measured in humans, as well as predictions from efficient coding theory based on the statistics of natural images.
110. 1. Neuroscience

     Cortico-subcortical β burst dynamics underlying movement cancellation in humans

     Darcy A Diesburg, Jeremy DW Greenlee, Jan R Wessel

     Burst-like neural activity in the β-frequency band conveys inhibitory commands within long-proposed cortico-subcortical networks for motor inhibition, with inhibitory activity in STN preceding thalamic activity, which has strong implications for movement disorders marked by abnormalities in β-bursting.
111. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Mechanisms underlying microglial colonization of developing neural retina in zebrafish

     Nishtha Ranawat, Ichiro Masai

     Genetic and imaging analysis reveal that microglial precursors use ocular blood vessels as a pathway to enter the optic cup and subsequently infiltrate the retina preferentially through the neurogenic region.
112. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Characterization of the endogenous DAF-12 ligand and its use as an anthelmintic agent in Strongyloides stercoralis

     Zhu Wang, Mi Cheong Cheong ... David J Mangelsdorf

     Regulation of a nuclear receptor signaling pathway may cure the often-lethal disease caused by the endemic parasitic roundworm, Strongyloides stercoralis.
113. 1. Cancer Biology

     Experiments from unfinished Registered Reports in the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology

     Timothy M Errington, Alexandria Denis ... Lisa Young

     A project to repeat experiments from high-impact papers in cancer biology did not complete all replications, with challenges ranging from mundane reasons to unexpected methodological issues.
114. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     A conserved strategy for inducing appendage regeneration in moon jellyfish, Drosophila, and mice

     Michael J Abrams, Fayth Hui Tan ... Lea Goentoro

     Amino acid and sugar supplement induce appendage/limb regeneration in cnidarians, insects, and mammals.
115. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Highly synergistic combinations of nanobodies that target SARS-CoV-2 and are resistant to escape

     Fred D Mast, Peter C Fridy ... Michael P Rout

     A large repertoire of nanobodies that target discrete regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike shows effective neutralization against variants of concern with many pairwise combinations resistant to escape and demonstrating synergistic neutralization activities.
116. 1. Ecology
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     Reversal of the adipostat control of torpor during migration in hummingbirds

     Erich R Eberts, Christopher G Guglielmo, Kenneth C Welch Jr

     Ruby-throated hummingbirds switch from using torpor to survive nighttime energy emergencies in the breeding season to using it to spare fat stores and gain premigratory mass in the late summer.
117. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway

     Shahanshah Khan, Mahnoush S Shafiei ... Hasan Zaki

     Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by innate immune sensor TLR2 leads to the induction of inflammatory mediators and constitutes a mechanism for cytokine storm during COVID-19.
118. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Overexpression screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies RARRES3 as a restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii infection

     Nicholas Rinkenberger, Michael E Abrams ... L David Sibley

     Overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes revealed a role for RARRES3 in restricting growth of Toxoplasma gondii by inducing early egress from human cells.
119. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Molecular pathology of the R117H cystic fibrosis mutation is explained by loss of a hydrogen bond

     Márton A Simon, László Csanády

     The striking reduction in open probability of CFTR channels harboring the R117H cystic fibrosis mutation is caused by loss of a strong hydrogen bond between positions 117 and 1124, which is formed in wild-type channels selectively in the open state.
120. 1. Cell Biology

     Src activates retrograde membrane traffic through phosphorylation of GBF1

     Joanne Chia, Shyi-Chyi Wang ... Frederic A Bard

     Src phosphorylates GBF1, promoting binding of the Sec7 domain to Arf1 and the formation of GALNTs containing tubules emanating from the Golgi.
121. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Medicine

     Association of lipid-lowering drugs with COVID-19 outcomes from a Mendelian randomization study

     Wuqing Huang, Jun Xiao ... Liangwan Chen

     A two-sample Mendelian randomization study suggested a potential causal relationship between HMGCR inhibition and the reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalization.
122. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Neurotoxin-mediated potent activation of the axon degeneration regulator SARM1

     Andrea Loreto, Carlo Angeletti ... Michael P Coleman

     The identification of the mechanism of action of vacor, an environmental neurotoxin which causes neurodegeneration by activating the pro-degenerative enzyme SARM1, raises important questions on SARM1 as a mediator of environmental neurotoxicity and has implications for drug discovery.
123. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Antagonism between killer yeast strains as an experimental model for biological nucleation dynamics

     Andrea Giometto, David R Nelson, Andrew W Murray

     Like physical systems that exhibit nucleation phenomena, an invading population of a strong microbial antagonist requires a critical inoculum size to successfully invade a population of a weaker microbial antagonist.
124. 1. Developmental Biology

     Endogenous protein tagging in medaka using a simplified CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in approach

     Ali Seleit, Alexander Aulehla, Alexandre Paix

     Highly efficient, precise, and scalable CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of endogenously tagged alleles in a vertebrate model.
125. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     The enteric pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum exports proteins into the cytosol of the infected host cell

     Jennifer E Dumaine, Adam Sateriale ... Boris Striepen

     Following initial invasion events, intracellular life stages of C. parvum rely upon an N-terminal host-targeting motif and proteolytic processing at a specific leucine residue to deliver proteins into the infected enterocyte.
126. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Allosteric ligands control the activation of a class C GPCR heterodimer by acting at the transmembrane interface

     Lei Liu, Zhiran Fan ... Jianfeng Liu

     Functional analysis reveals a distinct mode of action of the allosteric modulators in the GABA_B receptor in a pocket that is formed only in the active state and identifies a region in the GABA_B2 subunit important for allosteric agonism.
127. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Toxoplasma bradyzoites exhibit physiological plasticity of calcium and energy stores controlling motility and egress

     Yong Fu, Kevin M Brown ... L David Sibley

     Live-cell imaging and biochemical studies reveal that bradyzoites exhibit reduced Ca²⁺ stores, dampened calcium responses, and reduced energy levels consistent with their quiescent sate, but that they rapidly respond to environmental conditions to emerge from dormancy.
128. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Constitutive deficiency of the neurogenic hippocampal modulator AP2γ promotes anxiety-like behavior and cumulative memory deficits in mice from juvenile to adult periods

     Eduardo Loureiro-Campos, António Mateus-Pinheiro ... Luísa Pinto

     Constitutive deficiency of AP2γ transcription factor impairs hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenesis and induces alterations on limbic-cortical connectivity that contribute to anxiety-like behavior and cumulative memory deficits in mice from juvenile to adult periods.
129. 1. Neuroscience

     Working memory capacity of crows and monkeys arises from similar neuronal computations

     Lukas Alexander Hahn, Dmitry Balakhonov ... Jonas Rose

     Despite differences in cellular architecture the brains of monkeys and crows produce comparable limits of working memory with comparable mechanisms.
130. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     CRMP4-mediated fornix development involves Semaphorin-3E signaling pathway

     Benoît Boulan, Charlotte Ravanello ... Jean-Christophe Deloulme

     CRMP4 is a new actor in the guidance cue Semaphorin-3E pathway, crucially involved in the establishment of the fornix, a key axonal tract for memory and emotional control.
131. 1. Neuroscience

     Taste sensing and sugar detection mechanisms in Drosophila larval primary taste center

     G Larisa Maier, Nikita Komarov ... Simon G Sprecher

     Drosophila larvae show taste multimodality and combinatorial sensing at gustatory organ level but also systemically as they employ complementary external and internal taste in sugar detection.
132. 1. Cell Biology

     Simultaneous recording of multiple cellular signaling events by frequency- and spectrally-tuned multiplexing of fluorescent probes

     Michelina Kierzek, Parker E Deal ... Christoph Brenker

     FAST^M is a novel technique that leverages phase-sensitive signal detection for time-resolved multiplexing of probes with millisecond time resolution, opening new opportunities for interrogating rapid cellular signaling and (bio)chemical reactions.
133. 1. Neuroscience

     Gated recurrence enables simple and accurate sequence prediction in stochastic, changing, and structured environments

     Cédric Foucault, Florent Meyniel

     Small gated recurrent neural networks can dynamically adapt to inferred changes in the environment, represent and use the precision of their estimate to weight their updates, and leverage the environment's latent hierarchical structure, like the Bayesian agent and the brain.
134. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Distinguishing different modes of growth using single-cell data

     Prathitha Kar, Sriram Tiruvadi-Krishnan ... Ariel Amir

     Single-cell data analysis must be guided by an underlying model.
135. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Single-cell-level protein analysis revealing the roles of autoantigen-reactive B lymphocytes in autoimmune disease and the murine model

     Takemichi Fukasawa, Ayumi Yoshizaki ... Shinichi Sato

     Single-cell analysis revealed that autoantigen-reactive B cells changed the type of cytokines they produced from anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-35 to pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-23 as affinity to autoantigen increased.
136. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Histone deacetylase 3 represses cholesterol efflux during CD4⁺ T-cell activation

     Drew Wilfahrt, Rachael L Philips ... Virginia Smith Shapiro

     Histone deacetylase 3 is required for CD4+ T cells to downregulate two cholesterol efflux transport proteins, ABCA1 and ABCG1, for successful proliferation after antigenic stimulation.
137. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     A distributed residue network permits conformational binding specificity in a conserved family of actin remodelers

     Theresa Hwang, Sara S Parker ... Amy E Keating

     A peptide from PCARE achieves >100-fold binding specificity for the EVH1 domain of ENAH, a protein important for metastasis, using a conformational shift mechanism unavailable to ENAH's closely related paralogs VASP and EVL.
138. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Low-affinity integrin states have faster ligand-binding kinetics than the high-affinity state

     Jing Li, Jiabin Yan, Timothy A Springer

     Faster ligand-binding kinetics of integrin low-affinity states suggests that integrin binding to ligand and intracellular adapters and the actin cytoskeleton precedes their stabilization, together with tensile force, of the high-affinity, extended-open integrin conformation.
139. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Molecular architecture of the human tRNA ligase complex

     Alena Kroupova, Fabian Ackle ... Martin Jinek

     Biochemical and structural investigations of the human tRNA ligase complex reveal the details of its molecular assembly and provide insights into the reaction mechanism of its catalytic subunit.
140. 1. Neuroscience

     REST/NRSF drives homeostatic plasticity of inhibitory synapses in a target-dependent fashion

     Cosimo Prestigio, Daniele Ferrante ... Pietro Baldelli

     A combination of electrophysiological, immunocytochemical, and biochemical approaches elucidate the mechanisms by which the transcriptional regulator REST/NRSF rescues neuronal homeostasis by upregulating GABAergic transmission selectively onto excitatory neurons in response to hyperactivity.
141. 1. Neuroscience

     Silencing long ascending propriospinal neurons after spinal cord injury improves hindlimb stepping in the adult rat

     Courtney T Shepard, Amanda M Pocratsky ... David SK Magnuson

     Silencing L2 neurons that project to C6 after a T9 contusion, effectively removing spared axons, results in improved paw placement timing and order, and normalizes speed-dependent changes in swing and stance representing a significant neuroanatomical-functional paradox for spinal cord injury.
142. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Plant Biology

     Histone H1 prevents non-CG methylation-mediated small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis heterochromatin

     Jaemyung Choi, David B Lyons, Daniel Zilberman

     Linker histone H1 and cytosine DNA methylation in contexts other than CG explain patterns of 24 nucleotide small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
143. 1. Ecology
     2. Plant Biology

     Wild cereal grain consumption among Early Holocene foragers of the Balkans predates the arrival of agriculture

     Emanuela Cristiani, Anita Radini ... Dušan Borić

     A consistent pattern of consumption of Triticeae tribe grasses documented in the Danube Gorges of the Balkans since the Early Mesolithic might have facilitated a quick uptake of domesticated cereals due to a developed cultural taste and specific stone tool processing technology.
144. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     MCPH1 inhibits Condensin II during interphase by regulating its SMC2-Kleisin interface

     Martin Houlard, Erin E Cutts ... Kim Nasmyth

     Chromosome condensation by condensin II is inhibited during interphase by direct interaction with MCPH1, which regulates opening of the condensin II interface between SMC2 and NCAPH2, in a similar fashion to how WAPL regulates Cohesin.
145. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Cyclin F drives proliferation through SCF-dependent degradation of the retinoblastoma-like tumor suppressor p130/RBL2

     Taylor P Enrico, Wayne Stallaert ... Michael J Emanuele

     The SCF-family of ubiquitin ligases regulates the key cancer proliferation node by controlling the degradation of RB-like tumor suppressor RBL2/p130.
146. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Transcriptional profiling of sequentially generated septal neuron fates

     Miguel Turrero García, Sarah K Stegmann ... Corey C Harwell

     A combination of single-cell RNA sequencing of the developing septum and genetic fate mapping is used to analyze the origin of septal neurons.
147. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Disentangling bias between G_q, GRK2, and arrestin3 recruitment to the M₃ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

     Anja Flöser, Katharina Becker ... Moritz Bünemann

     Ligand-specific-induced conformations of M₃ muscarinic receptors reveal similar requirements for G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and G_q protein binding, whereas arrestin3 binding is mediated by distinct receptor conformations.
148. 1. Neuroscience

     Structure and function of axo-axonic inhibition

     Casey M Schneider-Mizell, Agnes L Bodor ... Nuno Maçarico da Costa

     Electron microcopy-based connectomics, in vivo functional imaging, and biophysical modeling reveal that mouse visual cortex chandelier cells, a type of GABAergic interneuron, are driven by arousal and distribute their synapses according to the individual properties of target cells.