March 2022

Research articles

1. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
   2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

   Unifying the known and unknown microbial coding sequence space

   Chiara Vanni, Matthew S Schechter ... Antonio Fernàndez-Guerra

   A newly developed computational framework provides an overview of the extent, diversity, and relevance of the genes of unknown function in genomes and metagenomes.
2. 1. Developmental Biology
   2. Neuroscience

   Sticks and Stones, a conserved cell surface ligand for the Type IIa RPTP Lar, regulates neural circuit wiring in Drosophila

   Namrata Bali, Hyung-Kook (Peter) Lee, Kai Zinn

   The immunoglobulin superfamily cell surface protein Sticks and Stones is a binding partner for the Lar Drosophila receptor tyrosine phosphatase that mediates Lar's developmental functions at the larval neuromuscular junction, mushroom body, and adult optic lobe.
3. 1. Neuroscience

   The pupillary light response as a physiological index of aphantasia, sensory and phenomenological imagery strength

   Lachlan Kay, Rebecca Keogh ... Joel Pearson

   Physiological evidence shows that the pupillary response to imagined light can be used to index the strength and vividness of an individual’s visual imagery and as a new tool for confirming aphantasia.
4. 1. Evolutionary Biology
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Parent-of-origin effects propagate through networks to shape metabolic traits

   Juan F Macias-Velasco, Celine L St Pierre ... Heather A Lawson

   Non-imprinted genes can contribute to parent-of-origin effects on phenotype through interactions with imprinted genes.
5. 1. Evolutionary Biology

   Digital restoration of the pectoral girdles of two Early Cretaceous birds and implications for early-flight evolution

   Shiying Wang, Yubo Ma ... Xing Xu

   New digital restorations indicate that the structure and function of the shoulder joint were highly variable among Early Cretaceous birds, with such key features as the configuration of the triosseal canal and the nature of scapula-coracoid articulation showing considerable diversity.
6. 1. Ecology

   Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization

   Travis Gallo, Mason Fidino ... Seth B Magle

   Mammals use time along the 24-hr cycle to reduce risk, adapt, and therefore persist in urban ecosystems.
7. 1. Ecology

   Tropical land use alters functional diversity of soil food webs and leads to monopolization of the detrital energy channel

   Zheng Zhou, Valentyna Krashevska ... Anton Potapov

   Tropical land use makes most soil animal groups shift to 'fast' energy channel and restructures soil food web at community level, but this change is buffered by earthworms at ecosystem (energetic) level.
8. 1. Cell Biology
   2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

   Dedicated chaperones coordinate co-translational regulation of ribosomal protein production with ribosome assembly to preserve proteostasis

   Benjamin Pillet, Alfonso Méndez-Godoy ... Dieter Kressler

   A novel co-translational mechanism continuously adjusts the expression levels of ribosomal proteins Rpl3 and Rpl4 to their consumption during ribosome synthesis by regulating the abundance of their mRNAs.
9. 1. Ecology

   Testosterone pulses paired with a location induce a place preference to the nest of a monogamous mouse under field conditions

   Radmila Petric, Matina Kalcounis-Rueppell, Catherine A Marler

   Transient increases in the hormone testosterone shift behavioral focus by influencing both spatial preference and vocalizations of a monogamous and biparental mouse in the wild.
10. 1. Ecology

    Eco-evolutionary dynamics modulate plant responses to global change depending on plant diversity and species identity

    Peter Dietrich, Jens Schumacher ... Christiane Roscher

    Offspring of plants selected at low and high plant diversity differently respond to global change drivers (nitrogen enrichment, drought), as reflected by their biomass production and trait expression, whereby plant-soil interactions play a significant role in these processes.
11. 1. Medicine
    2. Neuroscience

    Cold protection allows local cryotherapy in a clinical-relevant model of traumatic optic neuropathy

    Yikui Zhang, Mengyun Li ... Wencan Wu

    Local deep hypothermia combined with hibernation-mimicking cold protection is neuroprotective in a translatable large animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy.
12. 1. Neuroscience

    Suppression weakens unwanted memories via a sustained reduction of neural reactivation

    Ann-Kristin Meyer, Roland G Benoit

    Intentionally preventing the retrieval of an unwanted memory hinders future attempts to reactivate the memory’s neural representation and causes a reduction in the vividness with which it can be recalled.
13. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Steroid hormone signaling activates thermal nociception during Drosophila peripheral nervous system development

    Jacob S Jaszczak, Laura DeVault ... Yuh Nung Jan

    Ecdysone-mediated repression of the TMEM16 channel subdued initiates a sensory switch in peripheral nociceptors during Drosophila larval development, increasing thermal nociceptive behavior and reducing responsiveness to ultraviolet light.
14. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Medicine

    Assessing the causal role of epigenetic clocks in the development of multiple cancers: a Mendelian randomization study

    Fernanda Morales Berstein, Daniel L McCartney ... Rebecca C Richmond

    GrimAge acceleration may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
15. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Glypican-1 drives unconventional secretion of fibroblast growth factor 2

    Carola Sparn, Eleni Dimou ... Walter Nickel

    Identification of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan with a dedicated function in unconventional protein secretion reveals an intimate relationship between fibroblast growth factor 2 and Glypican-1 in cancer biology.
16. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Inhibiting host-protein deposition on urinary catheters reduces associated urinary tract infections

    Marissa Jeme Andersen, ChunKi Fong ... Ana L Flores-Mireles

    The use of liquid-infused catheters results in significant reduction of bladder and catheter colonization, systemic dissemination, and bladder inflammation in a clinically relevant mouse model of CAUTI by targeting host-protein deposition on the urinary catheter.
17. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Actin-related protein 5 functions as a novel modulator of MyoD and MyoG in skeletal muscle and in rhabdomyosarcoma

    Tsuyoshi Morita, Ken'ichiro Hayashi

    Actin-related protein 5 antagonizes the interaction of Pbx/Meis with myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD and MyoG, which is involved in the recruitment of the BRG1-based switch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling complex required for myogenic gene activation.
18. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Macrophage network dynamics depend on haptokinesis for optimal local surveillance

    Neil Paterson, Tim Lämmermann

    Macrophages use integrin-dependent 3D movement and cell protrusiveness, which control cell motility and space exploration as a prerequisite for optimal clearance of particles and dead cells by macrophage networks.
19. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Pervasive translation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Carol Smith, Jill G Canestrari ... Joseph T Wade

    Thousands of novel open-reading frames (ORFs) are translated in the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including many short ORFs that are likely to contribute to cell fitness.
20. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Impact of a human gut microbe on Vibrio cholerae host colonization through biofilm enhancement

    Kelsey Barrasso, Denise Chac ... Wai-Leung Ng

    A specific gut microbe Paracoccus aminovorans enhances host colonization of the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae by forming dual-species biofilm structures.
21. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Coordination of two opposite flagella allows high-speed swimming and active turning of individual zoospores

    Quang D Tran, Eric Galiana ... Xavier Noblin

    Coordinated actions of two opposite flagella control speed and change direction of plant pathogen Phytophthora zoospores, in which the anterior flagellum is the main motor to generate thrust and spontaneously switch from reciprocal beating to breaststrokes to reorient its body.
22. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Developmental Biology

    AP-2α and AP-2β cooperatively function in the craniofacial surface ectoderm to regulate chromatin and gene expression dynamics during facial development

    Eric Van Otterloo, Isaac Milanda ... Trevor Williams

    In addition to a neural crest cell specific role, AP-2α and AP-2ß cooperatively promote craniofacial development through regulating chromatin and gene expression dynamics in the facial surface ectoderm.
23. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Boosting targeted genome editing using the hei-tag

    Thomas Thumberger, Tinatini Tavhelidse-Suck ... Joachim Wittbrodt

    Increased efficiency of targeted genome editing by simple addition of a bipartite-optimized tag at the N- and C-termini of effector proteins (Cas9 and cytosine-to-thymine base editor) is applicable in organismo and cell culture.
24. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Glutathione binding to the plant AtAtm3 transporter and implications for the conformational coupling of ABC transporters

    Chengcheng Fan, Douglas C Rees

    Multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of a plant ABC transporter exporting glutathione derivatives captured a closed conformation proposed to enforce the export directionality, while a complex central to the coupling mechanism containing both glutathione and closed nucleotide binding domains remains elusive.
25. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Remodeling of dermal adipose tissue alleviates cutaneous toxicity induced by anti-EGFR therapy

    Leying Chen, Qing You ... Shiyi Zhang

    Modulation of dermal adipocytes contributes to skin homeostasis and provides a promising new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of EGFRI-related skin disorders.
26. 1. Medicine

    Drug targeting Nsp1-ribosomal complex shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2

    Mohammad Afsar, Rohan Narayan ... Tanweer Hussain

    Drug targeting Nsp1-ribosome interaction shows rescue of Nsp1-mediated translation inhibition and has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
27. 1. Cell Biology

    Lack of Tgfbr1 and Acvr1b synergistically stimulates myofibre hypertrophy and accelerates muscle regeneration

    Michèle MG Hillege, Andi Shi ... Richard T Jaspers

    Muscle hypertrophy and regeneration are critically regulated by combination of TGF-β type I receptors in myofibres.
28. 1. Developmental Biology

    Beneficial impacts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle structure and function in the zebrafish model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

    Elisabeth A Kilroy, Amanda C Ignacz ... Clarissa A Henry

    Depending upon the parameters used, neuromuscular stimulation can have beneficial or deleterious impacts on muscle structure and function in an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
29. 1. Neuroscience

    The enteric nervous system of the C. elegans pharynx is specified by the Sine oculis-like homeobox gene ceh-34

    Berta Vidal, Burcu Gulez ... Oliver Hobert

    Genetic analysis reveals the molecular logic of specifying and maintaining the enteric nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
30. 1. Medicine

    Sulforaphane reduces obesity by reversing leptin resistance

    Işın Çakır, Pauline Lining Pan ... Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi

    Sulforaphane through NRF2-dependent and -independent cellular and molecular pathways alleviates leptin resistance to reverse the diet-induced obesity.
31. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Conformational dynamics and allosteric modulation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike

    Marco A Díaz-Salinas, Qi Li ... James B Munro

    The function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike is controlled by allosterically modulating the dynamics of the receptor-binding domain.
32. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The inherent flexibility of receptor binding domains in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

    Hisham M Dokainish, Suyong Re ... Yuji Sugita

    Computer simulations explore the experimentally unknown S-protein structures, revealing novel drug binding sites.
33. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Bayesian machine learning analysis of single-molecule fluorescence colocalization images

    Yerdos A Ordabayev, Larry J Friedman ... Douglas L Theobald

    A physics-based, statistically rigorous mathematical model enables automated, objective interpretation of images from single-molecule fluorescence colocalization microscopy experiments.
34. 1. Cell Biology

    Evolutionary conservation of centriole rotational asymmetry in the human centrosome

    Noémie Gaudin, Paula Martin Gil ... Juliette Azimzadeh

    Centriole rotational asymmetry, a structural property necessary for cytoskeletal organization in unicellular eukaryotes, is broadly conserved in the centrioles of human cells.
35. 1. Neuroscience

    Dendritic branch structure compartmentalizes voltage-dependent calcium influx in cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal cells

    Andrew T Landau, Pojeong Park ... Bernardo L Sabatini

    Elaborate dendritic branch patterns lead to a local and branch-specific reduction in impedance, which attenuates back-propagating action potentials and limits voltage-gated calcium influx.
36. 1. Medicine

    Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A metabolic perspective

    Philipp E Scherer, John P Kirwan, Clifford J Rosen

    The potential metabolic mechanisms that underly the growing prevalence of long COVID are explored and potential treatments discussed.
37. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Cortical waves mediate the cellular response to electric fields

    Qixin Yang, Yuchuan Miao ... Wolfgang Losert

    Electrical and biomechanical stimuli directly bias cortical signal transduction and cytoskeletal waves, and the direct bias induced by an electric field develops slowly compared to the rapid surface-receptor-mediated response to chemotactic gradients.
38. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Dual signaling via interferon and DNA damage response elicits entrapment by giant PML nuclear bodies

    Myriam Scherer, Clarissa Read ... Thomas Stamminger

    Characterization of PML subnuclear structures during human cytomegalovirus infection demonstrates that prolonged interferon and DNA damage signaling can induce giant PML nuclear bodies which sequentially entrap both nucleic acids and viral proteins as a cytoprotective mechanism.
39. 1. Developmental Biology

    Proper migration of lymphatic endothelial cells requires survival and guidance cues from arterial mural cells

    Di Peng, Koji Ando ... Katarzyna Koltowska

    Spatio-temporal analysis using live imaging in zebrafish reveals mural cells as a source of pro-lymphangiogenic factors including chemokine and growth factor signalling, necessary for robust lymphatic endothelial cell migration and survival.
40. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record

    Nicolás Mongiardino Koch, Jeffrey R Thompson ... Greg W Rouse

    Phylogenomics of sea urchins clarifies their origins and diversification history, reveals surprising discrepancies with their rich fossil record, and serves as basis to explore the sensitivity of time calibration analysis.
41. 1. Neuroscience

    Robust effects of corticothalamic feedback and behavioral state on movie responses in mouse dLGN

    Martin A Spacek, Davide Crombie ... Laura Busse

    Electrophysiology and optogenetic circuit manipulation in the mouse visual system reveal that corticothalamic feedback and behavioral state both have robust modulatory, yet largely independent influences on thalamic responses to naturalistic movies.
42. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Medicine

    Chinese natural compound decreases pacemaking of rabbit cardiac sinoatrial cells by targeting second messenger regulation of f-channels

    Chiara Piantoni, Manuel Paina ... Mirko Baruscotti

    A Traditional Chinese Medicine botanical drug exerts a competitive antagonism on the cAMP-induced modulation of sinoatrial node pacemaker channels and this functional inhibition reduces the slope of the diastolic depolarization hence spontaneous cell automaticity.
43. 1. Developmental Biology

    Strip1 regulates retinal ganglion cell survival by suppressing Jun-mediated apoptosis to promote retinal neural circuit formation

    Mai Ahmed, Yutaka Kojima, Ichiro Masai

    A neuroprotective role mediated by Strip1 maintains retinal ganglion cells during development, which ensures proper positioning of inner retinal neurons and preserves the laminar architecture of the inner retina.
44. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Combining genotypes and T cell receptor distributions to infer genetic loci determining V(D)J recombination probabilities

    Magdalena L Russell, Aisha Souquette ... Philip Bradley

    Trans genetic variation in TdT and Artemis loci impacts V(D)J recombination probabilities.
45. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Control of spinal motor neuron terminal differentiation through sustained Hoxc8 gene activity

    Catarina Catela, Yihan Chen ... Paschalis Kratsios

    Molecular, genetic, and behavioral assays in mice establish a new role for Hox proteins in the final steps of spinal motor neuron development.
46. 1. Medicine

    A novel immunopeptidomic-based pipeline for the generation of personalized oncolytic cancer vaccines

    Sara Feola, Jacopo Chiaro ... Vincenzo Cerullo

    An immunopeptidomic-based pipeline provides a tool for the identification of cancer therapeutic targets and generation of cancer oncolytic vaccines.
47. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Potential role of KRAB-ZFP binding and transcriptional states on DNA methylation of retroelements in human male germ cells

    Kei Fukuda, Yoshinori Makino ... Yoichi Shinkai

    Bioinformatics analyses reveal that the Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger proteins are associated with DNA methylation of retroelements in human primordial germ cells which highlight potential molecular mechanisms for the regulation of retroelements in human male germ cells.
48. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Retinoic acid signaling mediates peripheral cone photoreceptor survival in a mouse model of retina degeneration

    Ryoji Amamoto, Grace K Wallick, Constance L Cepko

    Retinoic acid signaling from Muller glia is necessary for cone photoreceptor survival in the peripheral retina and is sufficient to promote cone survival in the central retina during retinal degeneration.
49. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Unsupervised Bayesian Ising Approximation for decoding neural activity and other biological dictionaries

    Damián G Hernández, Samuel J Sober, Ilya Nemenman

    The proposed method deciphers which low-level patterns (such as spikes) control high-level features (behavior) in relative small biological datasets, taking into account the statistical dependencies between such patterns.
50. 1. Developmental Biology

    Stage-specific control of oligodendrocyte survival and morphogenesis by TDP-43

    Dongeun Heo, Jonathan P Ling ... Dwight E Bergles

    Loss of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 impairs the survival of oligodendrocyte progenitors and reactivates growth of mature oligodendrocytes, resulting in inappropriate wrapping of neuronal somata and blood vessels.
51. 1. Developmental Biology

    Nucleoporin107 mediates female sexual differentiation via Dsx

    Tikva Shore, Tgst Levi ... Offer Gerlitz

    A housekeeping nuclear transport regulator moonlights as a critical determinant of sex-specific regulation of a somatic stem cell niche during the development of Drosophila ovaries.
52. 1. Neuroscience

    Activity in perirhinal and entorhinal cortex predicts perceived visual similarities among category exemplars with highest precision

    Kayla M Ferko, Anna Blumenthal ... Stefan Köhler

    The present findings reveal that subjectively perceived similarities between objects, including those unique to individual observers, are reflected with highest fidelity at the apex of the ventral visual pathway in the medial temporal lobe.
53. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural insights into recognition of chemokine receptors by Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxins

    Paul Lambey, Omolade Otun ... Cédric Leyrat

    Experimentally validated structural models of ACKR1-LukE and CCR5-LukE complexes reveal the critical contributions of sulfotyrosine binding sites and divergent loops of Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxins to the recognition of chemokine receptors.
54. 1. Cell Biology

    A light-gated transcriptional recorder for detecting cell-cell contacts

    Kelvin F Cho, Shawn M Gillespie ... Alice Y Ting

    TRACC (Transcriptional Readout Activated by Cell-cell Contacts) is an engineered molecular tool that detects and records cell-cell contacts in mammalian systems.
55. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Ligand binding remodels protein side-chain conformational heterogeneity

    Stephanie A Wankowicz, Saulo H de Oliveira ... James S Fraser

    Protein conformational heterogeneity changes upon ligand binding are influenced by ligand properties and can modulate the free energy of binding.
56. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Modular, robust, and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast

    Alberto Carignano, Dai Hua Chen ... Eric Klavins

    Multicellular systems exhibiting a wide variety of behaviors, including logic gates, band-pass filtering, and bistability, are constructed from a fixed vocabulary of input-output strains through model-guided design demonstrating predictable composability, tunability, and extendability.
57. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Inhibiting USP16 rescues stem cell aging and memory in an Alzheimer’s model

    Felicia Reinitz, Elizabeth Y Chen ... Michael F Clarke

    A neural precursor cell defect precedes widespread inflammation, amyloid plaque pathology, and cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease, which can be reversed by inhibiting USP16.
58. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    How to assemble a scale-invariant gradient

    Arnab Datta, Sagnik Ghosh, Jane Kondev

    Intracellular protein gradients, which are formed by the combined action of cytoplasmic diffusion and cortical transport toward the cell pole, are solely determined by cell shape.
59. 1. Neuroscience

    Perceptual coupling and decoupling of the default mode network during mind-wandering and reading

    Meichao Zhang, Boris C Bernhardt ... Elizabeth Jefferies

    Functional neuroimaging in the human brain reveals the neurocognitive mechanisms that underpin the experience of mind-wandering during reading, explaining why comprehension is impaired.
60. 1. Cancer Biology

    P2RY14 cAMP signaling regulates Schwann cell precursor self-renewal, proliferation, and nerve tumor initiation in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis

    Jennifer Patritti Cram, Jianqiang Wu ... Nancy Ratner

    In a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1, the purinergic receptor P2RY14 is a key regulator of Schwann cell precursor self-renewal and proliferation, of neurofibroma tumor initiation and of mouse survival.
61. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Common coupling map advances GPCR-G protein selectivity

    Alexander S Hauser, Charlotte Avet ... David E Gloriam

    The GPCR-G protein coupling map and selectivity insights will catalyze advances in receptor research, cellular signaling, and drug discovery exploiting G protein signaling bias to design safer drugs.
62. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Mapping circuit dynamics during function and dysfunction

    Srinivas Gorur-Shandilya, Elizabeth M Cronin ... Eve Marder

    Mapping spike patterns from a small identified circuit reveals the diversity and complexity of circuit dynamics across animals and in response to perturbations.
63. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Identification of autosomal cis expression quantitative trait methylation (cis eQTMs) in children’s blood

    Carlos Ruiz-Arenas, Carles Hernandez-Ferrer ... Mariona Bustamante

    A catalogue of associations between DNA methylation and gene expression in children will improve the interpretation of Epigenome-Wide Association Studies.
64. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Effector membrane translocation biosensors reveal G protein and βarrestin coupling profiles of 100 therapeutically relevant GPCRs

    Charlotte Avet, Arturo Mancini ... Michel Bouvier

    Development, validation, and use of an effector membrane translocation biosensor platform reveals G protein coupling selectivity signatures for 100 GPCRs that range from remarkable selectivity to full promiscuity toward the different G protein subtypes.
65. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Hyperphosphatemia increases inflammation to exacerbate anemia and skeletal muscle wasting independently of FGF23-FGFR4 signaling

    Brian Czaya, Kylie Heitman ... Christian Faul

    Hyperphosphatemia, by itself and in the context of chronic kidney disease, contributes to iron restrictive anemia by directly targeting the liver and elevating proinflammatory cytokines and hepcidin, which contributes to widespread tissue injury, such as skeletal muscle wasting.
66. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Taller height and risk of coronary heart disease and cancer: A within-sibship Mendelian randomization study

    Laurence J Howe, Ben Brumpton ... Neil M Davies

    Genetic data from siblings provides strong evidence that taller height increases the risk of cancers but lowers the risk of coronary disease.
67. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The out-of-field dose in radiation therapy induces delayed tumorigenesis by senescence evasion

    Erwan Goy, Maxime Tomezak ... Corinne Abbadie

    Irradiation of normal human fibroblasts and mice in conditions mimicking standard external X-ray radiotherapy protocols highlights that noncancerous cells surrounding the planning target volume accumulate DNA single-strand breaks but almost no double-strand breaks, putting them in a pre-cancerous senescent state.
68. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Persistent cell migration emerges from a coupling between protrusion dynamics and polarized trafficking

    Kotryna Vaidžiulytė, Anne-Sophie Macé ... Mathieu Coppey

    Quantitative proof that persistent cell migration in the timescale of hours relies on a feedback between polarized trafficking and protrusive activity stabilizing cell front.
69. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structures of PKA–phospholamban complexes reveal a mechanism of familial dilated cardiomyopathy

    Juan Qin, Jingfeng Zhang ... Zhiguang Yuchi

    Structures of PKA in complex with wild type and mutant phospholamban show a mechanism underlying familial dilated cardiomyopathy.
70. 1. Neuroscience

    The Digital Brain Bank, an open access platform for post-mortem imaging datasets

    Benjamin C Tendler, Taylor Hanayik ... Karla L Miller

    The Digital Brain Bank (open.win.ox.ac.uk/DigitalBrainBank) provides curated post-mortem imaging datasets for neuroanatomy, neuropathology, and comparative neuroanatomy investigations, with the first release containing 21 distinctive whole-brain diffusion MRI datasets, alongside microscopy and complementary MRI modalities.
71. 1. Cell Biology

    Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon improves skeletal muscle function in aged mice

    Priya Balasubramanian, Anne E Schaar ... Rozalyn M Anderson

    Activation of adiponectin receptors in young and aged mice induces changes in muscular metabolism via stimulation of AMPK and PGC-1a and ameliorates age-related muscle loss of function.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    Fast and slow feedforward inhibitory circuits for cortical odor processing

    Norimitsu Suzuki, Malinda LS Tantirigama ... John M Bekkers

    In vivo whole-cell recordings in the piriform cortex show that two classes of layer 1 interneurons respond differently to odors, suggesting that these neurons provide kinetically distinctive types of odor-evoked feedforward inhibition.
73. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Measuring the tolerance of the genetic code to altered codon size

    Erika Alden DeBenedictis, Dieter Söll, Kevin M Esvelt

    Although the genetic code uses three DNA base pairs to encode one amino acid, it is surprisingly tolerant to four-base codons, which can be used to incorporate nine of the twenty amino acids without any protein engineering.
74. 1. Neuroscience

    Minimal requirements for a neuron to coregulate many properties and the implications for ion channel correlations and robustness

    Jane Yang, Husain Shakil ... Steven A Prescott

    In order to homeostatically regulate many (n) properties at the same time, neurons must coadjust many (n + 1) ion channels with the appropriate ratios, which can lead to ion channel correlations and increased risk of regulation failure.
75. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    The TFIIH complex is required to establish and maintain mitotic chromosome structure

    Julian Haase, Richard Chen ... Alexander E Kelly

    The general transcription factor TFIIH complex promotes the establishment and maintenance of chromosome structure during mitosis by altering the chromatin environment to allow for proper loading and function of the condensin complexes on chromatin.
76. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Medicine

    Risk of heart disease following treatment for breast cancer – results from a population-based cohort study

    Haomin Yang, Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy ... Kamila Czene

    Long-term increased risks of arrhythmia and heart failure were found in breast cancer patients, while systemic adjuvant therapies including trastuzumab and anthracyclines were associated with the increased risk of heart failure.
77. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Adult mouse fibroblasts retain organ-specific transcriptomic identity

    Elvira Forte, Mirana Ramialison ... Milena B Furtado

    Adult mouse fibroblasts maintain an embryonic gene expression signature, inherited from their organ of origin, that is important for organ homeostasis and fibrosis, and may assist in targeting fibrotic diseases in an organ-specific manner.
78. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Targeting the Annexin A1-FPR2/ALX pathway for host-directed therapy in dengue disease

    Vivian Vasconcelos Costa, Michelle A Sugimoto ... Mauro Martins Teixeira

    An inadequate engagement of the inflammation resolution circuit centred on Annexin A1 contributes to the excessive inflammation observed in severe DENV infection, suggesting FPR2/ALX agonists as a therapeutic target for dengue disease.
79. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 mediates the effects of viral infection on the host cell transcriptome

    Michela Zaffagni, Jenna M Harris ... Sebastian Kadener

    In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, Nsp14 alters gene expression of the host cell through the interaction with the cellular enzyme IMPDH2.
80. 1. Cell Biology

    Microtubule rescue at midzone edges promotes overlap stability and prevents spindle collapse during anaphase B

    Manuel Lera-Ramirez, François J Nédélec, Phong T Tran

    A simple mechanism relying on microtubule rescues occurring at midzone edges allows fission yeast spindles to elongate during anaphase B while maintaining microtubule overlaps, without the need to precisely regulate microtubule growth speed.
81. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Coagulation factors directly cleave SARS-CoV-2 spike and enhance viral entry

    Edward R Kastenhuber, Marisa Mercadante ... Lewis Cantley

    Factor Xa and thrombin cleavage activate SARS-CoV-2 spike, widening the scope of host proteases involved in coronavirus entry and demonstrating the potential for dual anticoagulant/antiviral drugs.
82. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The repurposing of Tebipenem pivoxil as alternative therapy for severe gastrointestinal infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Shigella spp

    Elena Fernández Álvaro, Phat Voong Vinh ... Stephen Baker

    The oral carbapenem 'Tebipenem' has high level antibacterial activity against highly drug-resistant Shigella, and its mode of action and pharmacokinetics make it suitable for the treatment of severe diarrhoea caused by highly drug-resistant bacteria.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    Cerebellar modulation of memory encoding in the periaqueductal grey and fear behaviour

    Charlotte Lawrenson, Elena Paci ... Richard Apps

    Cerebellar-periaqueductal grey interactions contribute to fear-conditioned processes and, as such, provide a novel target for treating psychological conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder.
84. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Functional characterization of a ‘plant-like’ HYL1 homolog in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis indicates a conserved involvement in microRNA biogenesis

    Abhinandan M Tripathi, Yael Admoni ... Yehu Moran

    Presence of a functional homolog of HYL1 in Nematostella vectensis, a basal animal model, indicates divergent evolution of miRNA biogenesis pathway in plants and animals from an ancestral miRNA system.
85. 1. Neuroscience

    Octopamine drives honeybee thermogenesis

    Sinan Kaya-Zeeb, Lorenz Engelmayer ... Markus Thamm

    Without octopamine signaling via β octopamine receptors, which likely stimulates glycolysis, thermogenesis performed by the honeybee's indirect flight muscles is not possible.
86. 1. Neuroscience

    Corticofugal regulation of predictive coding

    Alexandria MH Lesicko, Christopher F Angeloni ... Maria N Geffen

    A specific neuronal pathway within the auditory system represents information about the statistical prediction and error for incoming sounds, thereby contributing to efficient representation of complex sounds and sound streams in the brain.
87. 1. Cell Biology

    C-type natriuretic peptide facilitates autonomic Ca²⁺ entry in growth plate chondrocytes for stimulating bone growth

    Yuu Miyazaki, Atsuhiko Ichimura ... Hiroshi Takeshima

    Membrane potential adjustment required for growth plate chondrocytic signal conversion from cGMP to Ca²⁺ influx toward long bone outgrowth.
88. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    High-resolution mapping demonstrates inhibition of DNA excision repair by transcription factors

    Mingrui Duan, Smitha Sivapragasam ... Peng Mao

    Transcription factor proteins play an important role in modulating base damage formation and excision repair at the binding sites in the genome.
89. 1. Neuroscience

    Dopaminergic challenge dissociates learning from primary versus secondary sources of information

    Alicia J Rybicki, Sophie L Sowden ... Jennifer L Cook

    Haloperidol comparably affects learning from social and non-social sources when they are the primary source of information but does not affect learning from (social or non-social) secondary sources, providing evidence in support of domain-general neurochemical mechanisms underpinning social learning.
90. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Nup98-dependent transcriptional memory is established independently of transcription

    Pau Pascual-Garcia, Shawn C Little, Maya Capelson

    Transcription and epigenetic memory of transcription are two co-occurring independent pathways, governed by different rate constants and unique parameters.
91. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Strategy-dependent effects of working-memory limitations on human perceptual decision-making

    Kyra Schapiro, Krešimir Josić ... Joshua I Gold

    Computed decisions degrade in working memory in a manner that depends on one of two strategies used to store relevant information as revealed by mathematical analysis of behavioral response patterns.
92. 1. Neuroscience

    MicroRNA-138 controls hippocampal interneuron function and short-term memory in mice

    Reetu Daswani, Carlotta Gilardi ... Gerhard Schratt

    A new molecular mechanism involving microRNA, which controls synaptic transmission in a specialized type of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus and short-term memory in mice, was identified.
93. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Boosting of cross-reactive antibodies to endemic coronaviruses by SARS-CoV-2 infection but not vaccination with stabilized spike

    Andrew R Crowley, Harini Natarajan ... Margaret E Ackerman

    Non-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s S2 domain that also recognize widely circulating endemic coronavirus strains are rapidly boosted by natural infection but not vaccination with stabilized spike-based vaccines.
94. 1. Ecology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Particle foraging strategies promote microbial diversity in marine environments

    Ali Ebrahimi, Akshit Goyal, Otto X Cordero

    An ecological trade-off between growth and death enables microbes with different dispersal strategies to coexist on particulate matter in the oceans.
95. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    A new early branching armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of southwestern China

    Xi Yao, Paul M Barrett ... Shundong Bi

    Yuxisaurus represents the first unambiguous armored dinosaur to be recovered from the Lower Jurassic of Asia, confirming the rapid geographic spread and diversification of the armored dinosaurs throughout the northern hemisphere early in their evolution.
96. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Neuroscience

    Correlation between leukocyte phenotypes and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

    Can Cui, Caroline Ingre ... Fang Fang

    A dual role of immune cells was found in ALS prognosis, where neutrophils and monocytes primarily reflect functional status whereas NK cells and different T lymphocyte populations act as prognostic markers for survival.
97. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Thalamocortical axons control the cytoarchitecture of neocortical layers by area-specific supply of VGF

    Haruka Sato, Jun Hatakeyama ... Kenji Shimamura

    VGF was identified as a factor secreted from thalamocortical axons essential for the cytoarchitectonic features of neocortical layer 4 in the sensory areas in mice.
98. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49 acts in parallel with HIF-1 to promote hypoxia adaptation in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Kelsie RS Doering, Xuanjin Cheng ... Stefan Taubert

    Animal survival in hypoxia requires the classical hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signalling pathway, but in the nematode worm C. elegans, a new signalling pathway involving the nuclear receptor NHR-49/PPARalpha is as important for hypoxia survival as the HIF pathway.
99. 1. Neuroscience

    Monkey plays Pac-Man with compositional strategies and hierarchical decision-making

    Qianli Yang, Zhongqiao Lin ... Tianming Yang

    Macaque monkeys play Pac-Man with strategy-based hierarchical decision-making, a cognitive capacity hitherto unknown in them.
100. 1. Cancer Biology

     Dysregulated heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolism promotes Ewing sarcoma tumor growth

     Elena Vasileva, Mikako Warren ... James F Amatruda

     A zebrafish genetic model of Ewing sarcoma, a pediatric bone cancer, showed how molecules in the normal tissue can support tumor cells, and identified a therapeutic compound that slows tumor growth.
101. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Structural basis of dynamic P5CS filaments

     Jiale Zhong, Chen-Jun Guo ... Ji-Long Liu

     Cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length P5CS, the proline synthesis enzyme, reveal that filamentation is crucial for the coordinated catalytic reactions between the glutamate kinase and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase domains.
102. 1. Medicine

     Binding blockade between TLN1 and integrin β1 represses triple-negative breast cancer

     Yixiao Zhang, Lisha Sun ... Caigang Liu

     The upregulation of TLN1 contributes to the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and a small-molecule C67399 was screened for blocking TLN1 and integrin β1 may hold promise for the treatment of TNBC.
103. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Early lock-in of structured and specialised information flows during neural development

     David P Shorten, Viola Priesemann ... Joseph T Lizier

     In developing neural cell cultures, information flows lock-in early and nodes undertake specialised computational roles.
104. 1. Neuroscience

     Adaptation in cone photoreceptors contributes to an unexpected insensitivity of primate On parasol retinal ganglion cells to spatial structure in natural images

     Zhou Yu, Maxwell H Turner ... Fred Rieke

     A combination of electrophysiology and quantitative modeling shows that subtle changes in input due to adaptation in cone phototransduction control the linearity or nonlinearity of how ganglion cells integrate spatial inputs.
105. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Quantification of protein abundance and interaction defines a mechanism for operation of the circadian clock

     Alex A Koch, James S Bagnall ... Andrew SI Loudon

     Dynamic interactions of core clock molecules are quantitively measured and mathematically modelled to reveal the hidden role of PER:CRY complexes in enhancing the mobility of CLOCK:BMAL1 to move to new DNA sites.
106. 1. Developmental Biology

     Selective YAP activation in Procr cells is essential for ovarian stem/progenitor expansion and epithelium repair

     Jingqiang Wang, Chunye Liu ... Yi Arial Zeng

     Genetic and mechanistic analyses reveal how ovulatory rupture triggers the activation and expansion of ovarian surface epithelial stem/progenitor cells, through selective activation of Yap, and enhanced expression of Procr by Yap.
107. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Medicine

     Pericyte-mediated constriction of renal capillaries evokes no-reflow and kidney injury following ischaemia

     Felipe Freitas, David Attwell

     Renal capillary pericytes are a novel therapeutic target for reducing sustained reduction in renal blood flow ('no-reflow') after kidney ischaemia.
108. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Activation of the CaMKII-Sarm1-ASK1-p38 MAP kinase pathway protects against axon degeneration caused by loss of mitochondria

     Chen Ding, Youjun Wu ... Marc Hammarlund

     Axon degeneration due to loss of mitochondria is suppressed by CaMKII activity and MAP kinase signaling.
109. 1. Neuroscience

     Associative learning drives longitudinally graded presynaptic plasticity of neurotransmitter release along axonal compartments

     Aaron Stahl, Nathaniel C Noyes ... Seth M Tomchik

     Experience alters neurotransmitter release from different axonal compartments in different ways, allowing a set of neurons to coherently modulate behavior through diverse actions on multiple downstream circuits.
110. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Medicine

     Innate lymphoid cells and COVID-19 severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection

     Noah J Silverstein, Yetao Wang ... Jeremy Luban

     Homeostatic innate lymphoid cell abundance, adjusted for age and sex, correlates inversely with COVID-19 severity in adults and children.
111. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Leading edge maintenance in migrating cells is an emergent property of branched actin network growth

     Rikki M Garner, Julie A Theriot

     Computational simulations of actin network growth at the cell leading edge, combined with careful high-speed video microscopy measurements of leading edge shape fluctuations, suggest that Arp2/3 branching of the actin network occurs at an optimal angle to minimize fluctuations.
112. 1. Neuroscience

     Stimulus dependence of directed information exchange between cortical layers in macaque V1

     Marc Alwin Gieselmann, Alexander Thiele

     Stimulus-induced causal interactions in the gamma range can flow in direction opposite to the canonical microcircuit, violating the notion that they are signatures of feedforward communication.
113. 1. Neuroscience

     Progressive axonopathy when oligodendrocytes lack the myelin protein CMTM5

     Tobias J Buscham, Maria A Eichel-Vogel ... Hauke B Werner

     When oligodendrocytes lack expression of the low-abundant myelin protein CMTM5, central nervous system axons are myelinated normally but subsequently degenerate involving a Wallerian-like pathomechanism.
114. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     A saturation-mutagenesis analysis of the interplay between stability and activation in Ras

     Frank Hidalgo, Laura M Nocka ... John Kuriyan

     Deep mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that while cancer-causing mutations in Ras selectively alter regulatory interactions with GTPase-activating proteins, Ras is also activated by many mutations that decrease protein stability.
115. 1. Neuroscience

     Contextual control of conditioned pain tolerance and endogenous analgesic systems

     Sydney Trask, Jeffrey S Mogil ... Katelyn E Sadler

     Through associative learning, environmental context can come to exert control over the endogenous opioid system such that it is recruited as a conditioned compensatory response to ongoing painful stimuli in both male and female mice, or in anticipation of a painful stimulus in females.
116. 1. Neuroscience

     Intrinsic mechanical sensitivity of mammalian auditory neurons as a contributor to sound-driven neural activity

     Maria C Perez-Flores, Eric Verschooten ... Ebenezer N Yamoah

     In vitro and in vivo physiological analyses reveal that mammalian auditory neuron intrinsic mechanical sensitivity contributes to sound-evoked activity and explains other previously unexplained auditory neuron features.
117. 1. Neuroscience

     Shank promotes action potential repolarization by recruiting BK channels to calcium microdomains

     Luna Gao, Jian Zhao ... Joshua M Kaplan

     Shank promotes functional coupling between CaV1 calcium channels and BK potassium channels.
118. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     Ecdysone coordinates plastic growth with robust pattern in the developing wing

     André Nogueira Alves, Marisa Mateus Oliveira ... Christen Kerry Mirth

     Wings achieve plasticity in size while maintaining robust pattern via ecdysone, which elicits graded responses for growth rates and threshold responses for patterning rates, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
119. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfill unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation

     Leyao Shen, Yilin Yu ... Courtney M Karner

     Proline is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by facilitating the production of proline-enriched osteoblast proteins.
120. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Pum2 and TDP-43 refine area-specific cytoarchitecture post-mitotically and modulate translation of Sox5, Bcl11b, and Rorb mRNAs in developing mouse neocortex

     Kawssar Harb, Melanie Richter ... Kent Duncan

     RNA-binding proteins use both translational activation and repression of key molecular determinants to post-mitotically sculpt the identity and connectivity of developing mouse neocortex in an area-specific manner.
121. 1. Neuroscience

     First-order visual interneurons distribute distinct contrast and luminance information across ON and OFF pathways to achieve stable behavior

     Madhura D Ketkar, Burak Gür ... Marion Silies

     First-order interneurons in the Drosophila visual system are not ON or OFF pathway-specific inputs, but serve as distinct computational units that distribute different kinds of luminance and contrast information across pathways to achieve stable behavioral responses to visual stimuli.
122. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
     2. Neuroscience

     Neuroanatomical abnormalities in a nonhuman primate model of congenital Zika virus infection

     Danielle Beckman, Adele MH Seelke ... Eliza Bliss-Moreau

     Fetal Zika virus’ direct infection of the brain causes neuroanatomical pathology that tracks with the brain development, following a caudal-to-rostral trajectory, even in individuals who do not develop microcephaly.
123. 1. Cell Biology

     Cortical microtubule pulling forces contribute to the union of the parental genomes in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote

     Griselda Velez-Aguilera, Batool Ossareh-Nazari ... Lionel Pintard

     Cortical microtubule pulling forces influence nuclear envelope breakdown, while nuclear envelope remodeling, particularly lamina depolymerization, impacts mitotic spindle length during mitosis.
124. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Co-aggregation and secondary nucleation in the life cycle of human prolactin/galanin functional amyloids

     Debdeep Chatterjee, Reeba S Jacob ... Samir K Maji

     Co-aggregation, amyloid formation, and unidirectional cross-seeding of prolactin and galanin for their efficient storage in secretory granules of pituitary and subsequent functional hormone release.
125. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Distinct and diverse chromatin proteomes of ageing mouse organs reveal protein signatures that correlate with physiological functions

     Giorgio Oliviero, Sergey Kovalchuk ... Ole N Jensen

     Quantitative proteomics reveals the diversity and heterogeneity of nuclear proteomes in mammalian organs and identifies the molecular features of ageing.
126. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     The ACF chromatin-remodeling complex is essential for Polycomb repression

     Elizabeth T Wiles, Colleen C Mumford ... Eric U Selker

     The ACF chromatin-remodeling complex positions the +1 nucleosome in facultative heterochromatin to mediate transcriptional repression at Polycomb target genes.
127. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Ecology

     Aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole promotes the synchrony of sexual maturation in female locusts

     Dafeng Chen, Li Hou ... Xianhui Wang

     4-Vinylanisole acts as maturation-accelerating pheromone to synchronize oocyte maturation of female adults in locusts.
128. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Temperature evolution following joint loading promotes chondrogenesis by synergistic cues via calcium signaling

     Naser Nasrollahzadeh, Peyman Karami ... Dominique P Pioletti

     The loading-induced temperature evolution phenomenon in the knee joint modulates chondrogenic cells response to loading and accordingly opens a new paradigm that is coined 'thermo-mechanobiology'.
129. 1. Neuroscience

     Microsaccades as a marker not a cause for attention-related modulation

     Gongchen Yu, James P Herman ... Richard J Krauzlis

     Midbrain neurons display attention-related modulation even in the absence of microsaccades, demonstrating that shifts of attention can be dissociated from the generation of microsaccades.
130. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cancer Biology

     Cell-surface tethered promiscuous biotinylators enable comparative small-scale surface proteomic analysis of human extracellular vesicles and cells

     Lisa L Kirkemo, Susanna K Elledge ... James A Wells

     Enzyme tethering of promiscuous biotinylators to the cell surface allows for more rapid and efficient comparative surface proteomic analysis of cells and extracellular vesicles.
131. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Ca²⁺ inactivation of the mammalian ryanodine receptor type 1 in a lipidic environment revealed by cryo-EM

     Ashok R Nayak, Montserrat Samsó

     Cryogenic electron microscopy of the ryanodine receptor 1 at near-atomic resolution reveals a calcium-inactivated conformation and uncovers a conserved lipid-binding site.
132. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     Experimental evidence that uniformly white sclera enhances the visibility of eye-gaze direction in humans and chimpanzees

     Fumihiro Kano, Yuri Kawaguchi, Yeow Hanling

     Experiments showed that uniformly white sclera, one distinguishing feature of human eyes, facilitates gaze perception across species, suggesting that this eye feature evolved for conspecific communication in humans.
133. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Quantitative transportomics identifies Kif5a as a major regulator of neurodegeneration

     Sahil H Shah, Lucio M Schiapparelli ... Jeffrey L Goldberg

     Transportomic analysis of the changes underlying neurodegeneration reveals the importance of Kif5a for neuronal survival and highlights the need to restore specific anterograde cargo transport to for regeneration.
134. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Critical role for isoprenoids in apicoplast biogenesis by malaria parasites

     Megan Okada, Krithika Rajaram ... Paul A Sigala

     Malaria parasites target a polyprenyl synthase enzyme to the apicoplast organelle and require its activity to produce long-chain linear isoprenoids necessary for apicoplast biogenesis.
135. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Inhibition of SHP-1 activity by PKC-θ regulates NK cell activation threshold and cytotoxicity

     Aviad Ben-Shmuel, Batel Sabag ... Mira Barda-Saad

     Phosphorylation of the phosphatase SHP-1 by PKC-θ in natural killer (NK) cells induces SHP-1 inhibition, revealing a novel molecular pathway that sustains NK cell activation threshold.
136. 1. Medicine
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Gut microbiota induces high platelet response in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after ticagrelor treatment

     Xi Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang ... Yaling Han

     After myocardial infarction, gut microbiota affects platelet aggregation rate by regulating the absorption and metabolism of ticagrelor.
137. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Chemotactic smoothing of collective migration

     Tapomoy Bhattacharjee, Daniel B Amchin ... Sujit Sankar Datta

     Studies of bacterial chemotaxis reveal how limitations in single-cell sensing of stimuli influence large-scale population morphology.
138. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Confined migration promotes cancer metastasis through resistance to anoikis and increased invasiveness

     Deborah Fanfone, Zhichong Wu ... Gabriel Ichim

     A biomechanical approach inducing confined cell migration reveals that mechanical stress has a profound effect on cancer cell survival.
139. 1. Developmental Biology

     Placental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)vitamin D determine its activity within the fetoplacental unit

     Brogan Ashley, Claire Simner ... Jane K Cleal

     Active uptake and metabolism of maternal vitamin D by the placenta determine fetal exposure to vitamin D and how vitamin D regulates the placental transcriptome, which is also determined by its underlying epigenetic landscape, and proteome.
140. 1. Neuroscience

     The role of higher-order thalamus during learning and correct performance in goal-directed behavior

     Danilo La Terra, Ann-Sofie Bjerre ... Lucy M Palmer

     The higher order thalamus encodes and influences correct action during learning and performance in a sensory-based goal-directed behavior.
141. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Crystal structures of bacterial small multidrug resistance transporter EmrE in complex with structurally diverse substrates

     Ali A Kermani, Olive E Burata ... Randy B Stockbridge

     In the bacterial small multidrug transporter EmrE, sidechain rearrangements in the binding site accommodate structurally diverse substrates without major rearrangements of the protein backbone.
142. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     TIGAR deficiency enhances skeletal muscle thermogenesis by increasing neuromuscular junction cholinergic signaling

     Yan Tang, Haihong Zong ... Jeffrey E Pessin

     TIGAR deficiency in cholinergic neuron enhanced intracellular acetyl-CoA levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase flux into the TCA cycle that drives increased cholinergic tone with reduced heart rate and blood pressure and raised resistance against the paralytic curare and cold-induced hypothermia.
143. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     A neural progenitor mitotic wave is required for asynchronous axon outgrowth and morphology

     Jérôme Lacoste, Hédi Soula ... Sophie Louvet-Vallée

     Timing of neural precursor cells division controls the order of development of sensory neurons, which in turn determines their axon terminal pattern and ultimately fly behaviour.
144. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Mendelian randomization suggests a bidirectional, causal relationship between physical inactivity and adiposity

     Germán D Carrasquilla, Mario García-Ureña ... Tuomas O Kilpeläinen

     Bidirectional causal relationship between higher sedentary time and higher adiposity suggests that decreasing sedentary time is beneficial for weight management, but also that weight loss may help reduce sedentary time.
145. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Large-scale orientational order in bacterial colonies during inward growth

     Mustafa Basaran, Y Ilker Yaman ... Askin Kocabas

     When crowded bacterial colonies invade a closed area, flow-induced alignment creates strong radial orientation and leads to the formation of aster defects.
146. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     How clustered protocadherin binding specificity is tuned for neuronal self-/nonself-recognition

     Kerry Marie Goodman, Phinikoula S Katsamba ... Barry Honig

     Surface plasmon resonance studies reveal that clustered protocadherins have precisely tuned trans homophilic binding interactions and promiscuous but variable cis interactions, consistent with the requirement of forming error-free linear molecular zippers used by mammalian neurons to distinguish self from nonself.
147. 1. Neuroscience

     State-dependent representations of mixtures by the olfactory bulb

     Aliya Mari Adefuin, Sander Lindeman ... Izumi Fukunaga

     Responses to odour mixtures are more discriminable in awake, behaving mice due to a combination of dampened responses keeping responses in the linear range and pattern decorrelation, with these two mechanisms operating on different timescales.
148. 1. Cancer Biology

     Detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis using aneuploidy and mutation identification in plasma

     Austin K Mattox, Christopher Douville ... Chetan Bettegowda

     Detection of aneuploidy and/or mutations in ctDNA may represent a promising approach to detecting patients with MPNST.
149. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Assembly of recombinant tau into filaments identical to those of Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

     Sofia Lövestam, Fujiet Adrian Koh ... Sjors HW Scheres

     Laboratory-based methods are presented that produce filamentous tau aggregates with the same structures as those observed in neurodegenerative disease.
150. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Structural dynamics determine voltage and pH gating in human voltage-gated proton channel

     Shuo Han, Sophia Peng ... Shizhen Wang

     Visualization of the real-time conformational transitions of the human voltage-gated proton channel hHv1 provided novel insights into how voltage and pH gradients modify the dynamic behaviors of channel structures to control proton flow across membrane.
151. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Medicine

     Fracture healing is delayed in the absence of gasdermin-interleukin-1 signaling

     Kai Sun, Chun Wang ... Gabriel Mbalaviele

     Inflammatory responses mediated by gasdermins are important for adequate fracture healing.
152. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Global analysis of cell behavior and protein dynamics reveals region-specific roles for Shroom3 and N-cadherin during neural tube closure

     Austin T Baldwin, Juliana H Kim ... John B Wallingford

     Tissue-level cell tracking and analysis of actomyosin and N-cadherin adhesion dynamics, coupled with disruption of the regulatory gene Shroom3, reveals region-specific cell behaviors along the anteroposterior axis during neural tube closure.
153. 1. Cell Biology

     In vivo transcriptomic profiling using cell encapsulation identifies effector pathways of systemic aging

     Omid Mashinchian, Xiaotong Hong ... C Florian Bentzinger

     Cell encapsulation-based transcriptional profiling using myogenic progenitors reveals that long-range factors in the aged systemic environment induce a wide range of signaling pathways in a niche-independent manner.
154. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     The TRRAP transcription cofactor represses interferon-stimulated genes in colorectal cancer cells

     Dylane Detilleux, Peggy Raynaud ... Dominique Helmlinger

     A transcriptional coactivator turns into a repressor at specific genes in colorectal cancer cells.
155. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Cellular assays identify barriers impeding iron-sulfur enzyme activity in a non-native prokaryotic host

     Francesca D'Angelo, Elena Fernández-Fueyo ... Gregory Bokinsky

     The intracellular network that distributes iron-sulfur clusters in bacteria is surprisingly 'plug and play' with iron-sulfur enzymes acquired from distantly related species, whereas the intracellular electron transfer network often needs plug adapters to connect with foreign enzymes.
156. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Medicine

     SOX4 facilitates PGR protein stability and FOXO1 expression conducive for human endometrial decidualization

     Pinxiu Huang, Wenbo Deng ... Shuangbo Kong

     A biochemical approach shows that SOX4 guaranteed the PGR protein stability through repressing the ubiquitin E3 ligase HERC4, to make the stroma cell conducive for response to progesterone and decidualization.
157. 1. Medicine
     2. Neuroscience

     Ca_V2.1 channel mutations causing familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 increase the susceptibility for cortical spreading depolarizations and seizures and worsen outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury

     Nicole A Terpolilli, Reinhard Dolp ... Nikolaus Plesnila

     High mortality following traumatic brain injury in mice carrying a human mutation for familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) is caused by a decreased threshold for cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs) and subsequent brain edema formation.
158. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Sampling alternative conformational states of transporters and receptors with AlphaFold2

     Diego del Alamo, Davide Sala ... Jens Meiler

     Alternative conformations of membrane protein structures can be predicted to high accuracy with AlphaFold2 by reducing the depth of the multiple sequence alignments used for modeling.
159. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Recognition of discrete export signals in early flagellar subunits during bacterial type III secretion

     Owain J Bryant, Paraminder Dhillon ... Gillian M Fraser

     Proteins for bacterial flagella biogenesis contain two discrete export signals, recognised sequentially by the flagellar Type III Secretion System to facilitate initial docking and subsequent opening of the export gate.
160. 1. Developmental Biology

     Nephronectin-integrin α8 signaling is required for proper migration of periocular neural crest cells during chick corneal development

     Justin Ma, Lian Bi ... Peter Lwigale

     A new role for nephronectin and integrin α8 signaling during neural crest cell migration in the developing cornea has been identified.
161. 1. Medicine

     Improvement of muscle strength in a mouse model for congenital myopathy treated with HDAC and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors

     Alexis Ruiz, Sofia Benucci ... Francesco Zorzato

     Physiological and biochemical studies show that the treatment of a transgenic mouse model carrying recessive Ryr1 mutations with a combination of class II histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyl transferase inhibitors significantly improves skeletal muscle function.
162. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) are epidermally produced antimicrobial proteins that defend the cutaneous barrier by direct bacterial membrane disruption

     Chenlu Zhang, Zehan Hu ... Tamia A Harris-Tryon

     SPRRs are bactericidal proteins, stimulated in the sebaceous gland by lipopolysaccharide, that defend the host against infection through bacterial membrane binding and disruption.
163. 1. Neuroscience

     Intrinsic timescales as an organizational principle of neural processing across the whole rhesus macaque brain

     Ana MG Manea, Anna Zilverstand ... Jan Zimmermann

     Neuroimaging proves to be a powerful tool for capturing spatial and temporal dynamics across the whole nonhuman primate brain, bridging the gap between human and animal models.
164. 1. Neuroscience

     NBI-921352, a first-in-class, Na_V1.6 selective, sodium channel inhibitor that prevents seizures in Scn8a gain-of-function mice, and wild-type mice and rats

     JP Johnson, Thilo Focken ... James R Empfield

     NBI-921352 (formerly XEN901) is a precision medicine in development for individuals with SCN8A gain-of-function mutations causing SCN8A related epilepsy syndrome (SCN8A-RES), as well as other epilepsy indications, include adult focal onset seizures (FOS).
165. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Medicine

     Ontogeny of circulating lipid metabolism in pregnancy and early childhood – a longitudinal population study

     Satvika Burugupalli, Adam Alexander T Smith ... Barwon Infant Study Investigator team

     Plasma lipidomic profiling in pregnancy, infancy and early childhood provides a framework to define the relationship between lipid metabolism and health outcomes in early childhood.
166. 1. Cell Biology

     Tom70-based transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and aging

     Qingqing Liu, Catherine E Chang ... Chuankai Zhou

     Tom70 connects the mitochondrial import to the nuclear transcriptional activity of mitochondrial proteins and controls mitochondrial biogenesis defects during aging.
167. 1. Medicine

     Novel protein markers of androgen activity in humans: proteomic study of plasma from young chemically castrated men

     Aleksander Giwercman, K Barbara Sahlin ... Johan Malm

     Three new protein markers of testosterone action identified by us, may prove to be valuable as clinical tools in identifying men with testosterone deficiency and in monitoring androgen replacement therapy.
168. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Deep-sequence phylogenetics to quantify patterns of HIV transmission in the context of a universal testing and treatment trial – BCPP/Ya Tsie trial

     Lerato E Magosi, Yinfeng Zhang ... Marc Lipsitch

     HIV transmissions into intervention communities from control communities in the Botswana/Ya Tsie trial were similar to the reverse at baseline, and 10 times more common post-baseline, concordant with a predicted benefit of a universal test-and-treat HIV prevention intervention.
169. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Coil-to-α-helix transition at the Nup358-BicD2 interface activates BicD2 for dynein recruitment

     James M Gibson, Heying Cui ... Chunyu Wang

     A cargo recognition α-helix was identified in Nup358, which is required for activation of a dynein-dependent transport pathway that is essential for brain development.
170. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Tadr is an axonal histidine transporter required for visual neurotransmission in Drosophila

     Yongchao Han, Lei Peng, Tao Wang

     TADR (torn and diminished rhabdomeres)-dependent histidine transporting is required for de novo synthesis of histamine and for maintaining synaptic transmission of photoreceptor neurons in Drosophila.
171. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     A plasma membrane-localized polycystin-1/polycystin-2 complex in endothelial cells elicits vasodilation

     Charles E MacKay, Miranda Floen ... Jonathan H Jaggar

     Flow stimulates PC-1/PC-2 clusters in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells, leading to Ca²⁺ influx, NOS, SK channel, and IK channel activation, vasodilation, and a reduction in blood pressure.
172. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Robust and annotation-free analysis of alternative splicing across diverse cell types in mice

     Gonzalo Benegas, Jonathan Fischer, Yun S Song

     A robust computational pipeline for alternative splicing analysis is developed and applied to large-scale cell atlases, overcoming technical challenges and making results available for the scientific community to explore via public interactive browsers.
173. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     GFPT2/GFAT2 and AMDHD2 act in tandem to control the hexosamine pathway

     Virginia Kroef, Sabine Ruegenberg ... Martin Sebastian Denzel

     AMDHD2 restricts the activity of the essential hexosamine pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells where GFPT2/GFAT2 instead of the common paralog GFPT1/GFAT1 controls metabolite entry.
174. 1. Neuroscience

     Left hemisphere dominance for bilateral kinematic encoding in the human brain

     Christina M Merrick, Tanner C Dixon ... Richard B Ivry

     An electrode-wise encoding model based on physiological recordings from the cortical surface revealed a striking hemispheric asymmetry where the encoding of ipsilateral movement was stronger in the left hemisphere compared to the right hemisphere.
175. 1. Cell Biology

     A cellular and molecular atlas reveals the basis of chytrid development

     Davis Laundon, Nathan Chrismas ... Michael Cunliffe

     Three-dimensional cell modelling, lipid analysis, transcriptomics, and live-cell imaging reveal biological insights in to the key stages of the chytrid fungus life cycle.
176. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Role of Nrp1 in controlling cortical inter-hemispheric circuits

     Fernando Martín-Fernández, Ana Bermejo-Santos ... Marta Nieto

     Transient expression of Nrp1 is required in postnatal stages for terminal arborization and innervation of secondary areas during the development of somatosensory callosal circuits.
177. 1. Medicine

     Chemogenetics defines a short-chain fatty acid receptor gut–brain axis

     Natasja Barki, Daniele Bolognini ... Graeme Milligan

     The G protein-coupled receptors FFA2 and FFA3, activated by short-chain fatty acids, are mediators of a gut–brain axis.
178. 1. Ecology
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     Ecological and social pressures interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation in the wild

     J Carter Loftus, Roi Harel ... Margaret C Crofoot

     Collective dynamics and site familiarity, but not the recent history of sleep and activity, shape sleep patterns in a wild social primate.