March 2021

Research articles

1. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Complementary biosensors reveal different G-protein signaling modes triggered by GPCRs and non-receptor activators

   Mikel Garcia-Marcos

   Heterotrimeric G-proteins can be switched on not only by G-protein-coupled receptors but also by cytoplasmic proteins, resulting in different signaling mechanisms in cells depending on the specific type of activator.
2. 1. Neuroscience

   Analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations from mice using computer vision and machine learning

   Antonio HO Fonseca, Gustavo M Santana ... Marcelo O Dietrich

   An open-source tool based on computational vision and machine learning shows high accuracy and sensitivity in the analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations.
3. 1. Developmental Biology
   2. Neuroscience

   MicroRNAs mediate precise control of spinal interneuron populations to exert delicate sensory-to-motor outputs

   Shih-Hsin Chang, Yi-Ching Su ... Jun-An Chen

   The miR-34/449 family is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system, and fine-tunes optimal numbers of spinal interneurons to ensure sensory-motor circuit outputs.
4. 1. Neuroscience

   Neural network of social interaction observation in marmosets

   Justine C Cléry, Yuki Hori ... Stefan Everling

   The brain network associated with social interaction observation involves large part of the frontal cortex and parietal areas in marmosets.
5. 1. Neuroscience

   An expanding manifold in transmodal regions characterizes adolescent reconfiguration of structural connectome organization

   Bo-yong Park, Richard AI Bethlehem ... Boris C Bernhardt

   Manifold learning of longitudinal brain network data provides novel insights into adolescent structural connectome maturation, and how multiple scales of cortical and subcortical organization interact in typical neurodevelopment.
6. 1. Neuroscience

   Male pheromones modulate synaptic transmission at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction in a sexually dimorphic manner

   Kang-Ying Qian, Wan-Xin Zeng ... Xia-Jing Tong

   Male pheromone environment increases the cholinergic synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites during development, decreasing hermaphrodites' locomotion activity and promoting mating efficiency.
7. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Cryo-EM structure of the yeast TREX complex and coordination with the SR-like protein Gbp2

   Yihu Xie, Bradley P Clarke ... Yi Ren

   Cryo-EM and chemical cross-linking studies yield an atomic resolution structure of a conserved remodeling machinery in messenger ribonucleoprotein maturation/nuclear export and insights into its coordinated function with a serine–arginine protein.
8. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   Transient kinetic studies of the antiviral Drosophila Dicer-2 reveal roles of ATP in self–nonself discrimination

   Raushan K Singh, McKenzie Jonely ... Brenda L Bass

   A real-time, stopped-flow method, in combination with protein-induced fluorescence enhancement, Förster resonance energy transfer, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, reveals a kinetic framework for understanding Dicer as a complex molecular motor.
9. 1. Neuroscience

   Somatostatin interneurons activated by 5-HT_2A receptor suppress slow oscillations in medial entorhinal cortex

   Roberto de Filippo, Benjamin R Rost ... Dietmar Schmitz

   Somatostatin interneurons are novel mediators of serotonergic modulation in entorhinal cortex via activation of 5-HT_2A receptors, a receptor involved in the etiology of different psychiatric disorders.
10. 1. Plant Biology

    Uncovering a novel function of the CCR4-NOT complex in phytochrome A-mediated light signalling in plants

    Philipp Schwenk, David J Sheerin ... Andreas Hiltbrunner

    The light-activated plant photoreceptor phytochrome A binds to NOT9B to displace it from the CCR4-NOT complex, thereby de-repressing light signalling.
11. 1. Ecology

    Relative demographic susceptibility does not explain the extinction chronology of Sahul’s megafauna

    Corey JA Bradshaw, Christopher N Johnson ... Frédérik Saltré

    There is no relationship between the demographic susceptibility to extinction and the estimated extinction chronology among Sahul’s megafauna, suggesting that human choices, a species’ ecological requirements, and/or random climate variation instead determined the extinction chronology.
12. 1. Neuroscience

    All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptic plasticity in human cortical neurons

    Maximilian Lenz, Pia Kruse ... Andreas Vlachos

    The vitamin A derivative, all-trans retinoic acid, induces protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity in the human brain.
13. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural determinants of voltage-gating properties in calcium channels

    Monica L Fernández-Quintero, Yousra El Ghaleb ... Bernhard E Flucher

    Structure modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and current recordings revealed the mechanism by which stabilization of voltage sensors in the resting and activated states determines the gating properties of the Ca_V1.1 calcium channel.
14. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    3DeeCellTracker, a deep learning-based pipeline for segmenting and tracking cells in 3D time lapse images

    Chentao Wen, Takuya Miura ... Koutarou D Kimura

    A deep learning-based pipeline was developed for extracting cellular signals flexibly from moving cells in 3D time lapse images, and it outperformed previous methods under different imaging conditions.
15. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Selenium supplementation inhibits IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice

    Jason D Plummer, Spike DL Postnikoff ... Jay E Johnson

    Dietary selenium supplementation confers to mice all of the short-term healthspan benefits of the longevity-promoting intervention methionine restriction, and thus may represent a method to promote healthy aging in mammals.
16. 1. Cell Biology

    Pre-complexation of talin and vinculin without tension is required for efficient nascent adhesion maturation

    Sangyoon J Han, Evgenia V Azarova ... Gaudenz Danuser

    Pre-complexation of vinculin with talin’s R8 domain facilitates nascent adhesion maturation by unfolding talin, increasing vinculin binding, and thereby transmitting traction forces to the environment.
17. 1. Developmental Biology

    Paternal multigenerational exposure to an obesogenic diet drives epigenetic predisposition to metabolic diseases in mice

    Georges Raad, Fabrizio Serra ... Valerie Grandjean

    Predisposition to obesity-associated diseases is dependent on the ancestors' diet.
18. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila and Gryllus reveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network

    Matthias Pechmann, Nathan James Kenny ... Siegfried Roth

    Crucial functions of Toll signalling during dorsoventral axis formation might have evolved convergently in flies and crickets.
19. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Early postmortem mapping of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients with COVID-19 and the correlation with tissue damage

    Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer, Daniel Wittschieber ... Gita Mall

    Early postmortem autopsy of COVID-19 patients shows high viral loads and damage of the lung, although extrapulmonary cells demonstrate no injury, they contribute to inflammation, hyper-coagulation, and multiple organ dysfunction.
20. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A common 1.6 mb Y-chromosomal inversion predisposes to subsequent deletions and severe spermatogenic failure in humans

    Pille Hallast, Laura Kibena ... Maris Laan

    In addition to its academic merits, characterizing the genetic determinants of male (in)fertility and identifying clinically actionable genetic variants can lead to improved diagnosis or even treatment of such conditions.
21. 1. Medicine

    Anti-fibrotic activity of a rho-kinase inhibitor restores outflow function and intraocular pressure homeostasis

    Guorong Li, Chanyoung Lee ... W Daniel Stamer

    An FDA-approved, rho-associated kinase inhibitor reverses fibrosis in the conventional outflow pathway of a mouse model of glaucoma and reverses ocular hypertension in patients with steroid glaucoma.
22. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Group phenotypic composition in cancer

    Jean-Pascal Capp, James DeGregori ... Frédéric Thomas

    Tumoral group phenotypic compositions and their relationships with the fitness of individual malignant cells in different ecological contexts represent crucial, previously unexplored dynamics in tumor progression.
23. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Functional insights from a surface antigen mRNA-bound proteome

    Larissa Melo do Nascimento, Franziska Egler ... Esteban Erben

    A robust procedure to purify mRNAs and their associated proteins identify CFB2 as the critical protein that binds and influences the fate of the main virulence factor in Trypanosoma brucei.
24. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    The LINC complex transmits integrin-dependent tension to the nuclear lamina and represses epidermal differentiation

    Emma Carley, Rachel M Stewart ... Megan C King

    Forces stemming from cell-matrix adhesions, but not cell-cell adhesions, are directly transmitted to the nuclear lamina to regulate epidermal cell fate.
25. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    FRET-based dynamic structural biology: Challenges, perspectives and an appeal for open-science practices

    Eitan Lerner, Anders Barth ... Shimon Weiss

    A summary of the current “state-of-the-field” of single-molecule FRET used for probing biomolecular structural dynamics.
26. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Global epistasis emerges from a generic model of a complex trait

    Gautam Reddy, Michael M Desai

    Predictable patterns of fitness evolution observed in microbial evolution experiments can emerge generically as a consequence of widespread epistatic interactions between mutations.
27. 1. Neuroscience

    An open-source device for measuring food intake and operant behavior in rodent home-cages

    Bridget A Matikainen-Ankney, Thomas Earnest ... Alexxai V Kravitz

    An open-source behavioral platform allows for operant, feeding, and circadian experiments in rodent home-cages.
28. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Saliva TwoStep for rapid detection of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers

    Qing Yang, Nicholas R Meyerson ... Sara L Sawyer

    A quick and portable test makes saliva samples turn yellow when people are carrying SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
29. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The olfactory critical period is determined by activity-dependent Sema7A/PlxnC1 signaling within glomeruli

    Nobuko Inoue, Hirofumi Nishizumi ... Hitoshi Sakano

    The critical period in the mouse olfactory system is defined by activity-dependent synapse formation induced by Semaphorin7A/PlexinC1 signaling in the neonatal glomeruli.
30. 1. Cell Biology

    Disparate bone anabolic cues activate bone formation by regulating the rapid lysosomal degradation of sclerostin protein

    Nicole R Gould, Katrina M Williams ... Joseph P Stains

    Mechanical loading and the bone anabolic action of parathyroid hormone result in rapid, lysosomal degradation of sclerostin protein, revealing physiologically important post-translational control of this critical regulator of bone formation.
31. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    An atlas of the binding specificities of transcription factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa directs prediction of novel regulators in virulence

    Tingting Wang, Wenju Sun ... Jian Yan

    The transcription factor (TF)-binding specificities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa allow us to predict virulence-associated TFs and their target genes, which will facilitate to find effective treatment and prevention for its associated diseases.
32. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Generic injuries are sufficient to induce ectopic Wnt organizers in Hydra

    Jack F Cazet, Adrienne Cho, Celina E Juliano

    Injuries activate the oral identity-specifying canonical Wnt signaling pathway in Hydra, which can trigger head regeneration in permissive tissue contexts created by the absence of pre-existing organizers.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    Optimal policy for attention-modulated decisions explains human fixation behavior

    Anthony I Jang, Ravi Sharma, Jan Drugowitsch

    A normative decision-making model that incorporates an information-limiting attention bottleneck is able to qualitatively replicate human behavior and make novel predictions that are verified in data.
34. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Fate mapping analysis reveals a novel murine dermal migratory Langerhans-like cell population

    Jianpeng Sheng, Qi Chen ... Christiane Ruedl

    Fate mapping analysis shows that not bona fide Langerhans cells but their ‘look-alikes’ dermal Langerhans cell-like cells migrate to the lymph nodes.
35. 1. Neuroscience

    Local projections of layer Vb-to-Va are more prominent in lateral than in medial entorhinal cortex

    Shinya Ohara, Stefan Blankvoort ... Menno P Witter

    The connection from layer Vb-to-Va neurons, a key component of the canonical hippocampal-cortical output circuit, which is allegedly crucial for memory consolidation, is relatively stronger in lateral entorhinal cortex compared with the medial entorhinal cortex, thus suggesting different operating principles.
36. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Self-organized patterning of cell morphology via mechanosensitive feedback

    Natalie A Dye, Marko Popović ... Frank Jülicher

    Radial patterns of cell morphology in the Drosophila larval wing emerge through mechanosensitive dynamics of cell polarity.
37. 1. Neuroscience

    Properties of multivesicular release from mouse rod photoreceptors support transmission of single-photon responses

    Cassandra L Hays, Asia L Sladek ... Wallace B Thoreson

    To improve the reliability of transmitting small single-photon voltage responses, rod photoreceptor cells release synaptic vesicles in regularly timed multivesicular events that are exquisitely sensitive to small voltage changes.
38. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Evidence for additive and synergistic action of mammalian enhancers during cell fate determination

    Jinmi Choi, Kseniia Lysakovskaia ... Patrick Cramer

    Temporal changes in genome-wide enhancer transcription activity during a transdifferentiation event reveal additive and synergistic enhancer cooperation.
39. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Neuronal junctophilins recruit specific Ca_V and RyR isoforms to ER-PM junctions and functionally alter Ca_V2.1 and Ca_V2.2

    Stefano Perni, Kurt Beam

    Neuronal junctophilins 3 and 4 similarly recruit and functionally modify P/Q and N-type calcium channels, but differentially recruit the three ryanodine receptor isoforms to endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions.
40. 1. Neuroscience

    Acquisition of innate odor preference depends on spontaneous and experiential activities during critical period

    Qiang Qiu, Yunming Wu ... C Ron Yu

    A delicate balance of neural activity is required during critical period in establishing innate odor preference.
41. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Microbial genetic and transcriptional contributions to oxalate degradation by the gut microbiota in health and disease

    Menghan Liu, Joseph C Devlin ... Lama Nazzal

    A novel multi-omics framework revealed the taxonomic contribution to microbiota oxalate, demontrated O. formigenes as the dominating taxon transcriptionally, and identified specific IBD cohort at risk for oxalte toxicity.
42. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Highly parallelized droplet cultivation and prioritization of antibiotic producers from natural microbial communities

    Lisa Mahler, Sarah P Niehs ... Miriam A Rosenbaum

    This microscale cultivation strategy will help in the discovery of novel bacterial species and their prioritization for antibiotic screening campaigns.
43. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Reprogramming of translation in yeast cells impaired for ribosome recycling favors short, efficiently translated mRNAs

    Swati Gaikwad, Fardin Ghobakhlou ... Alan G Hinnebusch

    A mutant impaired for ribosome recycling exhibits translational reprogramming wherein strong mRNAs outcompete weak mRNAs, also observed when preinitiation complexes are diminished by eIF2α phosphorylation or 40S ribosomal subunit depletion.
44. 1. Neuroscience

    Mother brain is wired for social moments

    Ortal Shimon-Raz, Roy Salomon ... Ruth Feldman

    Mother brain shows special sensitivity to social moments of mother-infant synchrony, compared to other caregiving experiences, through enhanced activation across the caregiving network, response to oxytocin administration, and temporal consistency.
45. 1. Developmental Biology

    In vivo proximity labeling identifies cardiomyocyte protein networks during zebrafish heart regeneration

    Mira I Pronobis, Susan Zheng ... Kenneth D Poss

    Proximity labeling-based proteomic strategies applied in zebrafish identify new insights into protein network changes in heart muscle cells during regeneration and implicate Rho A as a target of ErbB2 signaling during zebrafish heart regeneration.
46. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Glia actively sculpt sensory neurons by controlled phagocytosis to tune animal behavior

    Stephan Raiders, Erik Calvin Black ... Aakanksha Singhvi

    A peripheral sense-organ glia actively engulfs fragments of a sensory neuron ending to modify neuron shape and associated animal sensory behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans..
47. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-aa regulates endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria associations

    Mroj Alassaf, Mary C Halloran

    An extracellular modulator of IGF1 signaling, Pappaa, regulates endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria connections, which are critical for metabolic homeostasis and hair cell survival.
48. 1. Neuroscience

    Network dynamics underlying OFF responses in the auditory cortex

    Giulio Bondanelli, Thomas Deneux ... Srdjan Ostojic

    Computational modeling demonstrates that population dynamics of neural calcium activity following stimulus offset are consistent with a network mechanism based on recurrent interactions.
49. 1. Neuroscience

    Processing of motion boundary orientation in macaque V2

    Heng Ma, Pengcheng Li ... Haidong D Lu

    Area V2 in macaque monkeys contributes to the perception of the outlines of moving objects and achieves this through a local computation.
50. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural basis of corruption in power-holders

    Yang Hu, Chen Hu ... Jean-Claude Dreher

    Model-based fMRI reveals the neurocomputational bases of accepting a bribe when power-holders consider two moral costs, conniving with a fraudulent briber and the harm brought to a third party.
51. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Tachykinin signaling inhibits task-specific behavioral responsiveness in honeybee workers

    Bin Han, Qiaohong Wei ... Jianke Li

    Neuropeptide tachykinin signaling acts as master regulator of behavioral specialization in honeybees by differentially modulating worker responsiveness to task-specific stimuli.
52. 1. Neuroscience

    Prolonging the integrated stress response enhances CNS remyelination in an inflammatory environment

    Yanan Chen, Rejani B Kunjamma ... Brian Popko

    Oligodendrocytes with an enhanced ability to withstand cytotoxic stress display an increased capacity to remyelinate demyelination lesions of the CNS in the presence of an inflammatory environment.
53. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Convalescent COVID-19 patients are susceptible to endothelial dysfunction due to persistent immune activation

    Florence WJ Chioh, Siew-Wai Fong ... Christine Cheung

    COVID-19 survivors, who are at risk for vascular complications, would benefit from close monitoring and preventive therapy.
54. 1. Neuroscience

    Right inferior frontal gyrus implements motor inhibitory control via beta-band oscillations in humans

    Michael Schaum, Edoardo Pinzuti ... Oliver Tüscher

    Response inhibition is initiated by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), and stopping performance is predicted by beta-band power as well as beta-band connectivity between rIFG and pre-supplementary motor area.
55. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Effects of domestication on the gut microbiota parallel those of human industrialization

    Aspen T Reese, Katia S Chadaideh ... Rachel N Carmody

    Gut microbial signatures of domestication parallel those of industrialization, implicating shared ecological drivers.
56. 1. Ecology

    Diversity and asynchrony in soil microbial communities stabilizes ecosystem functioning

    Cameron Wagg, Yann Hautier ... Marcel GA van der Heijden

    Soil microbial diversity loss destabilizes the ability of the soil to function because greater diversity is needed to maintain temporal and functional asynchrony among different microbes.
57. 1. Medicine

    Applications of genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping for plasma DNA in prenatal testing, transplantation and oncology

    Wanxia Gai, Ze Zhou ... YM Dennis Lo

    Epigenetic determination of tissue of origin of genetically classified subsets of plasma DNA molecules enhances transplantation monitoring and cancer testing.
58. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography reveals early structural changes in channelrhodopsin

    Kazumasa Oda, Takashi Nomura ... Osamu Nureki

    Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography revealed retinal kink and early changes in channelrhodopsin, which leads to the ion pore formation.
59. 1. Medicine
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Allosteric communication in class A β-lactamases occurs via cooperative coupling of loop dynamics

    Ioannis Galdadas, Shen Qu ... Shozeb Haider

    A combination of equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations is an effective tool to study allosteric communications in ultrafast enzymes that show little or no conformational changes.
60. 1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Social groups buffer maternal loss in mountain gorillas

    Robin E Morrison, Winnie Eckardt ... Tara S Stoinski

    In mountain gorillas, as in certain human populations, relationships between group members can act as a social buffer, breaking the link between maternal loss, increased social adversity, and decreased fitness.
61. 1. Neuroscience

    A visual pathway for skylight polarization processing in Drosophila

    Ben J Hardcastle, Jaison J Omoto ... Mark A Frye

    Circuit tracing and in vivo calcium imaging reveals neurons conveying polarized light information from photoreceptors to the central brain, transforming patterns in the sky into a directional cue for navigation.
62. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Inducible mechanisms of disease tolerance provide an alternative strategy of acquired immunity to malaria

    Wiebke Nahrendorf, Alasdair Ivens, Philip J Spence

    Malaria remodels the spleen to imprint tolerance and reduce pathology in subsequent infections.
63. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A spontaneous genetically induced epiallele at a retrotransposon shapes host genome function

    Tessa M Bertozzi, Nozomi Takahashi ... Anne C Ferguson-Smith

    A retrotransposon-derived recombination event in inbred mice gives rise to an epiallele and tissue-specific phenotypes.
64. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Time-resolved phosphoproteomics reveals scaffolding and catalysis-responsive patterns of SHP2-dependent signaling

    Vidyasiri Vemulapalli, Lily A Chylek ... Stephen C Blacklow

    Monitoring SHP2 phosphoproteome dynamics identifies new substrate sites and sites protected from dephosphorylation by its SH2 domains, highlighting distinct scaffolding and catalytic activities in effecting a transmembrane signaling response.
65. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    The recycling endosome protein Rab25 coordinates collective cell movements in the zebrafish surface epithelium

    Patrick Morley Willoughby, Molly Allen ... Ashley EE Bruce

    Rab25a and Rab25b mutant embryos exhibit epithelial spreading delays during morphogenesis and are characterized by cytokinesis defects leading to cell fusions, heterogeneous epithelial cell sizes, and reduced cortical actomyosin contractility.
66. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Single-cell transcriptomics of the Drosophila wing disc reveals instructive epithelium-to-myoblast interactions

    Nicholas J Everetts, Melanie I Worley ... Iswar K Hariharan

    A single-cell atlas of the developing Drosophila wing disc at two time points enables a detailed understanding of the signals exchanged between different cell populations during development.
67. 1. Neuroscience

    Synaptotagmin-7 places dense-core vesicles at the cell membrane to promote Munc13-2- and Ca²⁺-dependent priming

    Bassam Tawfik, Joana S Martins ... Jakob Balslev Sørensen

    Synaptotagmin-7 acts synergistically with synaptotagmin-1 by placing vesicles close to the plasma membrane within reach of the SNARE/Munc13-complex, supporting their priming and setting the stage for fast and slow fusion.
68. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Intravital quantification reveals dynamic calcium concentration changes across B cell differentiation stages

    Carolin Ulbricht, Ruth Leben ... Anja E Hauser

    Heterogeneity in cytoplasmic calcium concentration alongside B cell activation and differentiation is measured intravitally using an interdisciplinary imaging approach and novel numerical analysis.
69. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Robust, coherent, and synchronized circadian clock-controlled oscillations along Anabaena filaments

    Rinat Arbel-Goren, Valentina Buonfiglio ... Joel Stavans

    Noisy circadian clocks in Anabaena, coupled by cell-cell communication, display high spatio-temporal coherence and can be robustly described by incorporating demographic noise in a theoretical model of coupled clock arrays.
70. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Genetic disruption of WASHC4 drives endo-lysosomal dysfunction and cognitive-movement impairments in mice and humans

    Jamie L Courtland, Tyler WA Bradshaw ... Scott H Soderling

    Cellular etiology of a human WASH complex mutation in mice reveals its specific roles in neuronal organelle trafficking and a surprising role in motor impairments.
71. 1. Neuroscience

    Development of visual motion integration involves coordination of multiple cortical stages

    Augusto A Lempel, Kristina J Nielsen

    The development of complex motion processing in higher-level visual cortex involves functional changes in primary visual cortex, indicating coordinated development in multiple nodes of the visual hierarchy.
72. 1. Neuroscience

    Objective pupillometry shows that perceptual styles covary with autistic-like personality traits

    Chiara Tortelli, Marco Turi ... Paola Binda

    Pupillometry tracks individual differences linked with autistic traits independently of illusion susceptibility and perceptual reports.
73. 1. Neuroscience

    Enhanced insulin signalling ameliorates C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion toxicity in Drosophila

    Magda L Atilano, Sebastian Grönke ... Linda Partridge

    Modulation of insulin signalling could be an effective therapeutic approach against hexanucleotide repeat expansion related to c9ALS/FTD neurodegenerative diseases.
74. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Switch-like control of helicase processivity by single-stranded DNA binding protein

    Barbara Stekas, Steve Yeo ... Yann R Chemla

    A single-stranded DNA binding protein stimulates helicase-mediated DNA unwinding by transiently activating a latent processivity switch in the helicase.
75. 1. Neuroscience

    Visualizing anatomically registered data with brainrender

    Federico Claudi, Adam L Tyson ... Tiago Branco

    Brainrender is an open-source and user-friendly software for combining any type of anatomically registered data into custom interactive 3D renderings.
76. 1. Ecology

    Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups

    Jakob Thyrring, Lloyd S Peck

    No discernible latitudinal diversity gradient in rocky intertidal α-diversity as local-scale physical and biological processes outweigh global-scale environmental gradients.
77. 1. Plant Biology

    Tuning self-renewal in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage by hormone and nutrient regulation of asymmetric cell division

    Yan Gong, Julien Alassimone ... Dominique C Bergmann

    Quantitative live-cell time-lapse imaging reveals that the spatial and temporal degree of cortical polarity domains reflects stem-cell division capacity in cells of the Arabidopsis plant leaf epidermis.
78. 1. Cell Biology

    A nuclear-based quality control pathway for non-imported mitochondrial proteins

    Viplendra PS Shakya, William A Barbeau ... Adam L Hughes

    During times of mitochondrial impairment, non-imported mitochondrial precursor proteins are targeted to the nucleus for proteasome-dependent degradation.
79. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    PomX, a ParA/MinD ATPase activating protein, is a triple regulator of cell division in Myxococcus xanthus

    Dominik Schumacher, Andrea Harms ... Lotte Søgaard-Andersen

    In the PomX/Y/Z cell division regulatory system, PomX is a PomZ ATPase activating protein, a scaffold for PomX/Y/Z complex formation, and important for fission of the PomX/Y/Z complex during division.
80. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Whole-organism eQTL mapping at cellular resolution with single-cell sequencing

    Eyal Ben-David, James Boocock ... Leonid Kruglyak

    The effect of genetic variation on gene expression can be specific down to the level of individual cells.
81. 1. Neuroscience

    Learning precise spatiotemporal sequences via biophysically realistic learning rules in a modular, spiking network

    Ian Cone, Harel Z Shouval

    A computational model shows that it's possible to learn and replay extended temporal sequences in a network of spiking neurons with a modular architecture and a biologically realistic learning rule.
82. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A conserved cell division protein directly regulates FtsZ dynamics in filamentous and unicellular actinobacteria

    Félix Ramos-León, Matthew J Bush ... Susan Schlimpert

    Identification of a novel regulator that directly influences the assembly and function of the cell division machinery in industrially and medically important bacteria.
83. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural representation of abstract task structure during generalization

    Avinash R Vaidya, Henry M Jones ... David Badre

    The human brain maintains a representation of latent task states within frontoparietal networks during the generalization of behaviors to novel settings.
84. 1. Neuroscience

    Mechanism for differential recruitment of orbitostriatal transmission during actions and outcomes following chronic alcohol exposure

    Rafael Renteria, Christian Cazares ... Christina M Gremel

    Chronic alcohol exposure results in a long-lasting, enhanced endocannabinoid signalling at orbitostriatal synapses that is expressed in a projection-, synapse-, and behaviorally computation-specific manner.
85. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Stress resets ancestral heritable small RNA responses

    Leah Houri-Zeevi, Guy Teichman ... Oded Rechavi

    Various types of stress reset heritable small RNA responses through the function of the p38 MAPK pathway, the transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2, and the MET-2/SETDB1 putative histone methyltransferase.
86. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Genomic and healthcare dynamics of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission

    Jamie M Ellingford, Ryan George ... Graeme CM Black

    Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic divergence in healthcare-associated outbreaks demonstrates that the inclusion of healthcare workers in contact networks identifies additional links in SARS-CoV-2 transmission pathways.
87. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Kinetic analysis of ASIC1a delineates conformational signaling from proton-sensing domains to the channel gate

    Sabrina Vullo, Nicolas Ambrosio ... Stephan Kellenberger

    Analysis of conformational changes indicates that activation of acid-sensing ion channels involves protonation of diverse extracellular sites and interaction of interdomain loops with the upper ends of transmembrane helices.
88. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Neuroscience

    A KDM5–Prospero transcriptional axis functions during early neurodevelopment to regulate mushroom body formation

    Hayden AM Hatch, Helen M Belalcazar ... Julie Secombe

    The histone demethylase KDM5 functions in concert with the transcription factor Prospero to regulate a gene expression program that is required for mushroom body neuroanatomical development.
89. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Topological signatures in regulatory network enable phenotypic heterogeneity in small cell lung cancer

    Lakshya Chauhan, Uday Ram ... Mohit Kumar Jolly

    Network topology and gene expression patterns in small cell lung cancer reveal two mutually opposing teams of regulators that enable multistability and consequent non-genetic heterogeneity, a clinically unsolved challenge.
90. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Action detection using a neural network elucidates the genetics of mouse grooming behavior

    Brian Q Geuther, Asaf Peer ... Vivek Kumar

    A machine learning method for action detection is developed and applied toward mouse grooming behavior.
91. 1. Neuroscience

    Cortical astrocytes independently regulate sleep depth and duration via separate GPCR pathways

    Trisha V Vaidyanathan, Max Collard ... Kira E Poskanzer

    Cortical astrocytes play key roles in NREM sleep by regulating sleep depth and duration through separate GPCR pathways, and differentially control neuronal slow-wave activity in local and remote cortical circuits.
92. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    How oscillating aerodynamic forces explain the timbre of the hummingbird’s hum and other animals in flapping flight

    Ben J Hightower, Patrick WA Wijnings ... David Lentink

    A first-principles acoustics model reveals how the acoustic spectrum generated by flapping wings originates from oscillating aerodynamic forces, and is validated by in vivo aerodynamic force measurements and acoustic holography.
93. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    The global burden of yellow fever

    Katy AM Gaythorpe, Arran Hamlet ... Neil Ferguson

    Yellow fever, a potentially deadly viral hemorrhagic fever, causes up to 82,000 deaths annually worldwide, and mass vaccination activities have reduced the burden by 47% in Africa.
94. 1. Physics of Living Systems

    Swarming bacteria undergo localized dynamic phase transition to form stress-induced biofilms

    Iago Grobas, Marco Polin, Munehiro Asally

    Collective stress response via localized dynamic phase transition turns swarming Bacillus subtilis into biofilms.
95. 1. Neuroscience

    Prenatal methadone exposure disrupts behavioral development and alters motor neuron intrinsic properties and local circuitry

    Gregory G Grecco, Briana E Mork ... Brady K Atwood

    A novel, translational mouse model of prenatal methadone exposure was developed and a longitudinal assessment of offspring revealed impairments in physical, behavioral, and neuronal development.
96. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Human cytomegalovirus antagonizes activation of Fcγ receptors by distinct and synergizing modes of IgG manipulation

    Philipp Kolb, Katja Hoffmann ... Hartmut Hengel

    Molecular mechanisms reveal that human cytomegalovirus has evolved to deploy two individual glycoproteins working in synergy to efficiently evade antibody-mediated immunity mediated by Fc-gamma receptors.
97. 1. Neuroscience

    Adaptation of spontaneous activity in the developing visual cortex

    Marina E Wosniack, Jan H Kirchner ... Julijana Gjorgjieva

    To generate stable and robust connectivity refinements, the amplitude of spontaneous activity events in the developing visual cortex adapts to the recent history of cortical activation.
98. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    Age-related changes in polycomb gene regulation disrupt lineage fidelity in intestinal stem cells

    Helen M Tauc, Imilce A Rodriguez-Fernandez ... Heinrich Jasper

    Global, multi-angled genetic analyses identified an age-associated loss of stem cell lineage fidelity that was linked to changes in polycomb regulation in the Drosophila intestinal epithelium.
99. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Architecture and structural dynamics of the heteromeric GluK2/K5 kainate receptor

    Nandish Khanra, Patricia MGE Brown ... Joel R Meyerson

    Structures of the GluK2/K5 kainate receptor reveal the heteromer architecture and how the receptor organizes in apo, antagonist-bound, and desensitized states.
100. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Increased longevity due to sexual activity in mole-rats is associated with transcriptional changes in the HPA stress axis

     Arne Sahm, Matthias Platzer ... Philip Dammann

     The fact that sexual activity/reproduction doubles the lifespan of certain rodent species is most likely linked to critical changes in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis.
101. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Seroconversion stages COVID19 into distinct pathophysiological states

     Matthew D Galbraith, Kohl T Kinning ... Joaquín M Espinosa

     Stratification of COVID19 patients using quantitative metrics of seroconversion reveals distinct pathophysiological stages after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including key differences in immune cell types, inflammatory makers, and markers of organ function.
102. 1. Neuroscience

     Selective dendritic localization of mRNA in Drosophila mushroom body output neurons

     Jessica Mitchell, Carlas S Smith ... Scott Waddell

     Specific mRNAs localize to the dendrites of Drosophila mushroom body output neurons.
103. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes

     Paloma Diaz-Maroto, Alba Rey-Iglesia ... Anders J Hansen

     aDNA revealed a model of domestication where an ancient guanaco population no longer exists, the loss of the ancient vicuña genetic variation in the modern populations, and frequently interbreeding practices.
104. 1. Neuroscience

     Egr2 induction in spiny projection neurons of the ventrolateral striatum contributes to cocaine place preference in mice

     Diptendu Mukherjee, Ben Jerry Gonzales ... Ami Citri

     The ventrolateral striatum is found to be recruited during the encoding of cocaine preference, within which Egr2-expressing ensembles are functionally important, as is the expression of Egr2 within them.
105. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Neuroscience

     Microglial trogocytosis and the complement system regulate axonal pruning in vivo

     Tony KY Lim, Edward S Ruthazer

     In vivo time lapse imaging reveals that microglial trogocytosis of presynaptic elements is regulated by the complement system which controls axon morphogenesis in the developing brain.
106. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Plant Biology

     Stretch-activated ion channels identified in the touch-sensitive structures of carnivorous Droseraceae plants

     Carl Procko, Swetha Murthy ... Joanne Chory

     Identification of putative mechanisms for mechanosensation-dependent prey capture in carnivorous plants.
107. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     GAF is essential for zygotic genome activation and chromatin accessibility in the early Drosophila embryo

     Marissa M Gaskill, Tyler J Gibson ... Melissa M Harrison

     Following fertilization, the pioneering transcription factors GAGA factor (GAF) and Zelda are independently required to reprogram the zygotic genome of Drosophila and activate the first wave of gene expression.
108. 1. Medicine
     2. Neuroscience

     Respiratory depression and analgesia by opioid drugs in freely behaving larval zebrafish

     Shenhab Zaig, Carolina da Silveira Scarpellini, Gaspard Montandon

     Emerging approaches in larval zebrafish to identify safe opioid therapies without the side-effect of respiratory depression.
109. 1. Neuroscience

     Gap junction-mediated glycinergic inhibition ensures precise temporal patterning in vocal behavior

     Boris P Chagnaud, Jonathan T Perelmuter ... Andrew H Bass

     Inhibition provides a means for achieving temporal precision for rapid modulation of an acoustic signal in a vertebrate vocal network.
110. 1. Neuroscience

     Locus coeruleus spiking differently correlates with S1 cortex activity and pupil diameter in a tactile detection task

     Hongdian Yang, Bilal A Bari ... Daniel H O'Connor

     Correlations among LC spiking, membrane potential in S1 cortex, and pupil diameter vary within individual trials of a tactile detection task.
111. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

     Control and regulation of acetate overflow in Escherichia coli

     Pierre Millard, Brice Enjalbert ... Fabien Létisse

     Elucidating the control and regulation of acetate overflow in E. coli reveals that acetate is not only an end-product but also a co-substrate and a global regulator of glucose metabolism.
112. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Quantifying absolute gene expression profiles reveals distinct regulation of central carbon metabolism genes in yeast

     Rosemary Yu, Egor Vorontsov ... Jens Nielsen

     Global gene expression control mechanisms are modeled using a large dataset consisting of absolute-quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics, and partial metabolomics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a wide range of growth conditions.
113. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     Genetic association and causal inference converge on hyperglycaemia as a modifiable factor to improve lung function

     William R Reay, Sahar I El Shair ... Murray J Cairns

     Genetic data revealed existing drugs that could be repurposed to improve lung function, with evidence that compounds which control blood glucose could be particularly useful for respiratory impairment.
114. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Medicine

     Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis

     Ada Weinstock, Karishma Rahman ... Edward A Fisher

     Wnt signaling is revealed to be a regulator of macrophage inflammation-resolving state in atherosclerosis through a PGE2-mediated pathway.
115. 1. Neuroscience

     Synchronous activity patterns in the dentate gyrus during immobility

     Martin Pofahl, Negar Nikbakht ... Heinz Beck

     Two-photon in vivo calcium imaging reveals short time-scale, synchronous and sparse population activity in dentate gyrus that replays place-related information, and is important for formation of dentate-dependent spatial memory.
116. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Extracellular matrix in multicellular aggregates acts as a pressure sensor controlling cell proliferation and motility

     Monika E Dolega, Sylvain Monnier ... Giovanni Cappello

     Theoretical predictions and experiments on multicellular aggregates indicate that the extracellular matrix acts as a mechanical sensor, which regulates cell proliferation and migration in a three-dimensional environment.
117. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Promoter-specific changes in initiation, elongation, and homeostasis of histone H3 acetylation during CBP/p300 inhibition

     Emily Hsu, Nathan R Zemke, Arnold J Berk

     CBP/p300 acetylation of histone H3 at promoters and enhancers stimulates transcriptional elongation through recruitment of the super-elongation complex and BRD4.
118. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Reformulation of an extant ATPase active site to mimic ancestral GTPase activity reveals a nucleotide base requirement for function

     Taylor B Updegrove, Jailynn Harke ... Kumaran S Ramamurthi

     Reengineering the nucleotide-binding pocket of an extant ATPase to restore ancestral GTPase activity revealed an ATP-dependent intermediate required for function and suggested why the protein evolved to use ATP.
119. 1. Developmental Biology

     A gradient of Wnt activity positions the neurosensory domains of the inner ear

     Magdalena Żak, Nicolas Daudet

     Manipulations of Wnt signalling in the chicken embryo reveal how it controls in a dose-dependent manner the formation of the neurosensory territories of the early developing inner ear.
120. 1. Medicine
     2. Neuroscience

     tTARGIT AAVs mediate the sensitive and flexible manipulation of intersectional neuronal populations in mice

     Paul V Sabatini, Jine Wang ... Martin G Myers

     tTARGIT AAVs offer a new approach to manipulate intersectional populations that produce selective and robust transgene expression and are easily modified.
121. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Medicine

     Longitudinal proteomic profiling of dialysis patients with COVID-19 reveals markers of severity and predictors of death

     Jack Gisby, Candice L Clarke ... James E Peters

     Severe COVID-19 is characterised by a plasma proteomic biomarker signature, indicating innate immune activation, leucocyte–endothelial interactions, and epithelial injury.
122. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Decoding the physical principles of two-component biomolecular phase separation

     Yaojun Zhang, Bin Xu ... Ned S Wingreen

     Phase separation of two-component multivalent systems is suppressed at rational polymer stoichiometries, suggesting possible cellular strategies for regulating the formation and function of biomolecular condensates.
123. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Single-molecule view of coordination in a multi-functional DNA polymerase

     Raymond F Pauszek III, Rajan Lamichhane ... David P Millar

     The primer extension and 5' flap processing activities of DNA polymerase I are physically coordinated by combined movements of the DNA substrate and the 5' nuclease domain of the enzyme.
124. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     The dimeric Golgi protein Gorab binds to Sas6 as a monomer to mediate centriole duplication

     Agnieszka Fatalska, Emma Stepinac ... David M Glover

     The dual functional protein, Gorab, associates with the Golgi as a dimer but as a monomer with the procentriole cartwheel protein, Sas6, to mediate centriole duplication.
125. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Antagonistic roles for Ataxin-2 structured and disordered domains in RNP condensation

     Amanjot Singh, Joern Hulsmeier ... Baskar Bakthavachalu

     Ataxin-2 interacts with neuronal mRNA in RNP granules.
126. 1. Neuroscience

     Multiple decisions about one object involve parallel sensory acquisition but time-multiplexed evidence incorporation

     Yul HR Kang, Anne Löffler ... Michael N Shadlen

     When making two decisions about one object, two streams of information can be acquired in parallel but must be incorporated into the two decisions serially, consistent with a central bottleneck.
127. 1. Neuroscience

     An optimized CRISPR/Cas9 approach for precise genome editing in neurons

     Huaqiang Fang, Alexei M Bygrave ... Richard L Huganir

     CRISPR/Cas9 based genomic editing for efficient endogenous protein tagging can be achieved by targeting non-coding sequences with two guides.
128. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     TDP-43 maximizes nerve conduction velocity by repressing a cryptic exon for paranodal junction assembly in Schwann cells

     Kae-Jiun Chang, Ira Agrawal ... Jonah R Chan

     Glial TDP-43 regulates splicing and expression of neurofascin and is required for proper assembly and maintenance of paranodal axoglial junctions.
129. 1. Neuroscience

     Tonic firing mode of midbrain dopamine neurons continuously tracks reward values changing moment-by-moment

     Yawei Wang, Osamu Toyoshima ... Masayuki Matsumoto

     Although the phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is known to represent reward values, these neurons displayed a tonic firing mode to continuously track reward values changing moment-by-moment.
130. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     eIF2B conformation and assembly state regulate the integrated stress response

     Michael Schoof, Morgane Boone ... Peter Walter

     eIF2-P activates the integrated stress response by inducing a conformational change in eIF2B that decreases substrate (eIF2) binding and reduces eIF2B's catalytic activity.
131. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Visuomotor learning from postdictive motor error

     Jana Masselink, Markus Lappe

     Visual, motor, and forward model gains learn from a postdictive update of space to keep perception and saccadic motor function aligned.
132. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Plant Biology

     SABRE populates ER domains essential for cell plate maturation and cell expansion influencing cell and tissue patterning

     Xiaohang Cheng, Magdalena Bezanilla

     SABRE, which is present in a wide range of eukaryotes, localizes to ER subdomains in plants, impacting cell expansion and callose deposition during cell plate maturation.
133. 1. Plant Biology

     Regulation of photosynthetic electron flow on dark to light transition by ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase interactions

     Manuela Kramer, Melvin Rodriguez-Heredia ... Guy Thomas Hanke

     The regulatory switch from protection to assimilation, which plants use to exploit natural, fluctuating light, involves movement of the enzyme ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase between chloroplast membrane complexes.
134. 1. Neuroscience

     Distinct neural mechanisms underlie subjective and objective recollection and guide memory-based decision making

     Yana Fandakova, Elliott G Johnson, Simona Ghetti

     Neural substrates of objective vs. subjective memory states can be distinguished, including their role in supporting decisions aimed at optimizing performance.
135. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid observed in periarterial spaces is not an artifact of injection

     Aditya Raghunandan, Antonio Ladron-de-Guevara ... Douglas H Kelley

     A new tracer infusion method is used to confirm that pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid transport into the brain occurs naturally and is driven by the cardiac cycle, not by tracer injection.
136. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

     Spatio-temporal associations between deforestation and malaria incidence in Lao PDR

     Francois Rerolle, Emily Dantzer ... Adam Bennett

     Deforestation near villages is associated with short-term increases but long-term decreases in malaria incidence in Lao PDR, highlighting the influence of forest-going populations on malaria transmission in the region.
137. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     A polarity pathway for exocyst-dependent intracellular tube extension

     Joshua Abrams, Jeremy Nance

     Lumen extension in intracellular tubes relies on a molecular pathway involving Rho GTPase signaling, cell polarity, and vesicle-tethering proteins.
138. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Mapping the functional landscape of the receptor binding domain of T7 bacteriophage by deep mutational scanning

     Phil Huss, Anthony Meger ... Srivatsan Raman

     An unbiased mutational screen decodes the molecular basis of phage receptor interactions, identifies key functional regions determining activity and host range, and demonstrates the potential for engineering therapeutic phages.
139. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

     Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling reveal different aspects of aging in the kidney

     Yuka Takemon, Joel M Chick ... Ron Korstanje

     mRNA profiling alone provides an incomplete picture of molecular aging and examination of changes in proteins is essential to understand aging processes that are not transcriptionally regulated.
140. 1. Neuroscience

     Drp1 is required for AgRP neuronal activity and feeding

     Sungho Jin, Nal Ae Yoon ... Sabrina Diano

     Mitochondrial fission, associated with fatty acids oxidation, is fundamental for AgRP neuronal activity during negative energy balance and in regulating fasting- and/or ghrelin-induced feeding.
141. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

     Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

     NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

     Changes in the prevalence of underweight, total obesity, and severe obesity are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of body mass index.
142. 1. Neuroscience

     Relationship between simultaneously recorded spiking activity and fluorescence signal in GCaMP6 transgenic mice

     Lawrence Huang, Peter Ledochowitsch ... Lu Li

     Simultaneous calcium imaging and cell-attached recording in GCaMP6 transgenic mice in vivo reveals spiking-fluorescence relationship that supports more refined inference of neuronal activities from calcium imaging data.
143. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Opposing effects of T cell receptor signal strength on CD4 T cells responding to acute versus chronic viral infection

     Marco Künzli, Peter Reuther ... Carolyn G King

     T cell receptor signal strength correlates positively with Th1 generation during acute infection but negatively during chronic infection.
144. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Human ORC/MCM density is low in active genes and correlates with replication time but does not delimit initiation zones

     Nina Kirstein, Alexander Buschle ... Aloys Schepers

     Replication origins are established throughout the genome with the exception of transcribed genes, and the local chromatin composition likely modulates the density of ORC and MCM as well as origin activation.
145. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Structural basis for human TRPC5 channel inhibition by two distinct inhibitors

     Kangcheng Song, Miao Wei ... Lei Chen

     The binding sites of two distinct TRPC5 inhibitors clemizole and HC-070 are revealed by cryo-EM.
146. 1. Neuroscience

     Multiple time-scales of decision-making in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

     Wenbo Tang, Justin D Shin, Shantanu P Jadhav

     Hippocampal and prefrontal neuronal populations form slow behavioral-timescale (~seconds) and fast cognitive-timescale (~100 ms) sequential activity patterns as theta and replay sequences, which play distinct yet cooperative roles in memory-guided decision-making.
147. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     HPF1 and nucleosomes mediate a dramatic switch in activity of PARP1 from polymerase to hydrolase

     Johannes Rudolph, Genevieve Roberts ... Karolin Luger

     The polymerase activity of PARP1 is converted to hydrolase activity upon binding of Histone Parylation Factor 1 (HPF1) with nucleosome activators.
148. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Sub-minute prediction of brain temperature based on sleep–wake state in the mouse

     Yaniv Sela, Marieke MB Hoekstra, Paul Franken

     The sleep–wake state sequence explains almost all of the variance in brain temperature in the mouse, and its detailed dynamics can be accurately predicted only using sleep–wake information.
149. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Microbiota functional activity biosensors for characterizing nutrient metabolism in vivo

     Darryl A Wesener, Zachary W Beller ... Jeffrey I Gordon

     A method has been developed to characterize the expressed biochemical activities of gut microbial communities using retrievable, microscopic, fluorescent-labeled glass beads containing chemically bound surface biomolecules.
150. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Medicine

     SARS-CoV-2 suppresses anticoagulant and fibrinolytic gene expression in the lung

     Alan E Mast, Alisa S Wolberg ... Daniel Jacobson

     Transcription changes in cells taken from bronchoalveolar fluid of COVID-19 patients indicate severe disruption of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways in the lung and suggest similar processes in other organs.
151. 1. Neuroscience

     The neural basis of intelligence in fine-grained cortical topographies

     Ma Feilong, J Swaroop Guntupalli, James V Haxby

     Individual differences in intelligence are based on information processing that is embedded in fine-scale structure in cortical systems for self-generated thought, which was revealed by resolving topographic idiosyncrasies with hyperalignment.
152. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Local genetic context shapes the function of a gene regulatory network

     Anna Nagy-Staron, Kathrin Tomasek ... Calin C Guet

     The phenotype of a gene regulatory network depends both qualitatively and quantitatively on the local genetic context of its individual components and cannot necessarily be predicted solely from network's topology.
153. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Medicine

     An open label trial of anakinra to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19

     Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou, Periklis Panagopoulos ... Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis

     Early suPAR-guided anakinra decreases the risk for severe respiratory failure in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and restores the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance.
154. 1. Developmental Biology

     Retrograde ERK activation waves drive base-to-apex multicellular flow in murine cochlear duct morphogenesis

     Mamoru Ishii, Tomoko Tateya ... Tsuyoshi Hirashima

     Live-cell imaging and mathematical modeling reveal the physical basis of collective cell migration underlying spiral cochlear duct formation during murine inner ear development.
155. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     A confinable home-and-rescue gene drive for population modification

     Nikolay P Kandul, Junru Liu ... Omar S Akbari

     Generation of a home-and-rescue gene drive targeting an essential gene reveals confinable population modification.
156. 1. Neuroscience

     Parabrachial opioidergic projections to preoptic hypothalamus mediate behavioral and physiological thermal defenses

     Aaron J Norris, Jordan R Shaker ... Michael R Bruchas

     Warm-activated parabrachial neurons contain overlapping dynorphin and enkephalin expressing subpopulations, project to preoptic hypothalamus, and mediate behavioral and physiological thermal defenses behaviors.
157. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Glial insulin regulates cooperative or antagonistic Golden goal/Flamingo interactions during photoreceptor axon guidance

     Hiroki Takechi, Satoko Hakeda-Suzuki ... Takashi Suzuki

     Timely regulation of growth cone dynamics, including filopodial and cytoskeletal rearrangements through phosphorylation signals from glial cells, shapes the photoreceptor axon targeting.
158. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Emergence and diversification of a highly invasive chestnut pathogen lineage across southeastern Europe

     Lea Stauber, Thomas Badet ... Daniel Croll

     The chestnut blight fungus has successfully established an intermediary, diverse European bridgehead population, giving rise to a highly invasive clonal lineage spreading across southeastern Europe.
159. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Estimating SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and epidemiological parameters with uncertainty from serological surveys

     Daniel B Larremore, Bailey K Fosdick ... Yonatan H Grad

     Integrating over multiple forms of statistical uncertainty associated with serological surveys can improve serosurvey design while also enabling that uncertainty to be appropriately propagated through epidemiological models.
160. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Neuroscience

     Mayday sustains trans-synaptic BMP signaling required for synaptic maintenance with age

     Jessica M Sidisky, Daniel Weaver ... Daniel Babcock

     Maintaining synaptic structure and function over time requires continuous signaling from pathways that are crucial for synapse development.
161. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Computational and Systems Biology

     Effective dynamics of nucleosome configurations at the yeast PHO5 promoter

     Michael Roland Wolff, Andrea Schmid ... Ulrich Gerland

     The integration of multi-nucleosome configuration data with histone turnover and new chromatin accessibility data by systematically investigated 'regulated on-off-slide' models reveals promoter state transitions regulated by just one assembly process.
162. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Systematic functional analysis of rab GTPases reveals limits of neuronal robustness to environmental challenges in flies

     Friederike E Kohrs, Ilsa-Maria Daumann ... P Robin Hiesinger

     The first complete null mutant collection of all rab GTPase genes in a multicellular organism uncovers neuronal development and function sensitive to environmental challenges in Drosophila.
163. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Targeted molecular profiling of rare olfactory sensory neurons identifies fate, wiring, and functional determinants

     J Roman Arguello, Liliane Abuin ... Richard Benton

     Targeted expression of molecular probes for gene expression and chromatin accessibility in subpopulations of neurons in the Drosophila olfactory system identifies genes required for their development and function.
164. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Neuroscience

     Sequential perturbations to mouse corticogenesis following in utero maternal immune activation

     Cesar P Canales, Myka L Estes ... Alex S Nord

     Mid-gestational exposure to maternal immune activation drives a sequence of transcriptional signatures and developmental pathology in embryonic mouse cortex, culminating in altered lamination and cellular lineage specification.
165. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     NMDA receptors control development of somatosensory callosal axonal projections

     Jing Zhou, Yong Lin ... Samuel J Pleasure

     NMDAR receptors act in regulating axon guidance of somatosensory callosal projections in early postnatal life and the expression of EPHB2 receptors in target cells.
166. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Medicine

     Cardiovascular disease risk factors induce mesenchymal features and senescence in mouse cardiac endothelial cells

     Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar, Shentong Fang ... Riikka Kivelä

     Endothelial dysfunction due to cardiovascular disease risk factors explained by cardiac endothelial cell transcriptome remodelling.
167. 1. Cell Biology

     Cardiolipin targets a dynamin-related protein to the nuclear membrane

     Usha Pallabi Kar, Himani Dey, Abdur Rahaman

     A single amino acid residue is critical for cardiolipin interaction specificity and nuclear membrane recruitment of a dynamin-related protein.
168. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Disease-related mutations in PI3Kγ disrupt regulatory C-terminal dynamics and reveal a path to selective inhibitors

     Manoj K Rathinaswamy, Zied Gaieb ... John E Burke

     The c-terminus of PI3K plays a key role in regulating kinase activity, with c-terminal disease-linked mutations leading to either activation or inhibition, which reveal a path to specific inhibitors.
169. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     HP1 proteins compact DNA into mechanically and positionally stable phase separated domains

     Madeline M Keenen, David Brown ... Sy Redding

     Heterochromatin proteins compartmentalize DNA into compact structures resistant to mechanical disruption but susceptible to competitive dissolution.
170. 1. Neuroscience

     Sushi domain-containing protein 4 controls synaptic plasticity and motor learning

     Inés González-Calvo, Keerthana Iyer ... Fekrije Selimi

     SUSD4 loss-of-function induces misregulation of GLUA2 degradation and of synaptic plasticity suggesting a mechanism for its potential contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders.
171. 1. Neuroscience

     Design issues and solutions for stop-signal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study

     Patrick G Bissett, McKenzie P Hagen ... Russell A Poldrack

     Problematic design features in the stop-signal task for the massive Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study undermine analyses of the shared data, but can be mitigated with proposed solutions.
172. 1. Neuroscience

     Signed and unsigned reward prediction errors dynamically enhance learning and memory

     Nina Rouhani, Yael Niv

     Throughout learning, both unexpected outcomes and the predictive value of cues modulate learning rate and episodic memory, thereby supporting two seemingly opposing theories of associative learning.
173. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Intact synapse structure and function after combined knockout of PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR

     Javier Emperador-Melero, Giovanni de Nola, Pascal S Kaeser

     Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are precisely localized to synaptic appositions, but do not control the assembly and function of the presynaptic nerve terminal.
174. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Dynamic Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 1 (NHE1) – calmodulin complexes of varying stoichiometry and structure regulate Ca²⁺-dependent NHE1 activation

     Lise M Sjøgaard-Frich, Andreas Prestel ... Stine Falsig Pedersen

     NHE1-CaM complexes of multiple stoichiometries regulate cellular Ca²⁺-dependent NHE1 activity and can contribute to NHE1 dimerization, the latter shown by the NMR structure of CaM linking two NHE1 cytosolic tails.
175. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     A mobile genetic element increases bacterial host fitness by manipulating development

     Joshua M Jones, Ilana Grinberg ... Alan D Grossman

     A mobile genetic element provides a selective advantage to host cells by delaying development, including biofilm and spore formation, thereby enabling temporary cheating and extra divisions.
176. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Loss of circadian protection against influenza infection in adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates

     Yasmine Issah, Amruta Naik ... Shaon Sengupta

     Neonatal hyperoxia abrogates the circadian protection from influenza infection in recovered adults.
177. 1. Neuroscience

     Integrative frontal-parietal dynamics supporting cognitive control

     Derek Evan Nee

     Analysis of human fMRI data reveal that intermediary areas within the fronto-parietal control network (FPCN) are critical for integrating control processing, cognitive ability, and amenability to neuromodulation.
178. 1. Medicine
     2. Neuroscience

     Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing

     Balázs Szigeti, Laura Kartner ... David Erritzoe

     The anecdotally reported benefits of psychedelics microdosing can be explained by the placebo effect.
179. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Genomic epidemiology of COVID-19 in care homes in the east of England

     William L Hamilton, Gerry Tonkin-Hill ... COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK

     SARS-CoV-2 can spread efficiently within care homes causing outbreaks among residents, who are at increased risk of severe disease, emphasising the importance of stringent infection control in this population.
180. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Medicine

     Association of Toll-like receptor 7 variants with life-threatening COVID-19 disease in males: findings from a nested case-control study

     Chiara Fallerini, Sergio Daga ... Elisa Frullanti

     In the context of susceptibility to severe COVID-19, the observations of a study provide the basis for a personalized interferon-based therapy in patients with rare TLR7 variants.
181. 1. Neuroscience

     Functional specialization within the inferior parietal lobes across cognitive domains

     Ole Numssen, Danilo Bzdok, Gesa Hartwigsen

     Data-driven and effective connectivity analyses reveal patterns of functional specialization, common mechanisms, and brain-wide interaction profiles within the human inferior parietal lobes for multiple functional domains.
182. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Ciliary neuropeptidergic signaling dynamically regulates excitatory synapses in postnatal neocortical pyramidal neurons

     Lauren Tereshko, Ya Gao ... Piali Sengupta

     Neuropeptidergic signaling via cilia-localized receptors dynamically regulates excitatory synaptic drive in postnatal rat neocortical pyramidal neurons.
183. 1. Neuroscience

     Endoglycan plays a role in axon guidance by modulating cell adhesion

     Thomas Baeriswyl, Alexandre Dumoulin ... Esther T Stoeckli

     Endoglycan fine-tunes the interaction between guidance molecules and surface receptors during axon guidance and cell migration.
184. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     tRNA sequences can assemble into a replicator

     Alexandra Kühnlein, Simon A Lanzmich, Dieter Braun

     Rudimentary cross-catalytic replication can be established by double-hairpins of tRNA-like sequences, implying that replication and translation could have emerged along a common evolutionary trajectory.
185. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     Preliminary paleohistological observations of the StW 573 (‘Little Foot’) skull

     Amélie Beaudet, Robert C Atwood ... Dominic Stratford

     Virtual investigation of the 3.67-million-year-old skull of 'Little Foot' using synchrotron radiation reveals histological details of Australopithecus dental and bone tissues.
186. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Mapping immune variation and var gene switching in naive hosts infected with Plasmodium falciparum

     Kathryn Milne, Alasdair Ivens ... Philip J Spence

     Parasite variants associated with severe malaria do not have an intrinsic growth or survival advantage in vivo, which indicates that a change in host environment is required for their selection.
187. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     New light shed on the early evolution of limb-bone growth plate and bone marrow

     Jordi Estefa, Paul Tafforeau ... Sophie Sanchez

     A three-dimensional investigation of extinct-tetrapod limbs shows that even though bone elongation and blood-cell production are intimately related to mammal long bones, these functions actually appeared successively in tetrapod evolution.
188. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Archaeal chromatin ‘slinkies’ are inherently dynamic complexes with deflected DNA wrapping pathways

     Samuel Bowerman, Jeff Wereszczynski, Karolin Luger

     Archaeal histones compact DNA into nucleosome-like particles of varying sizes that contort sporadically and reorient DNA wrapping.
189. 1. Cell Biology

     In vivo reconstitution finds multivalent RNA–RNA interactions as drivers of mesh-like condensates

     Weirui Ma, Gang Zhen ... Christine Mayr

     Binding of a multivalent RNA-binding protein to mRNAs that are able to form pervasive RNA–RNA interactions induces formation of mesh-like condensates, whereas binding of mostly structured mRNAs induces sphere-like condensates.
190. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Uncovering an allosteric mode of action for a selective inhibitor of human Bloom syndrome protein

     Xiangrong Chen, Yusuf I Ali ... Antony W Oliver

     Discovery and characterisation of a novel allosteric inhibitor-binding site in human Bloom syndrome protein.
191. 1. Medicine

     Parathyroid hormone attenuates osteoarthritis pain by remodeling subchondral bone in mice

     Qi Sun, Gehua Zhen ... Xu Cao

     Parathyroid hormone attenuates osteoarthritis pain and joint degeneration by modification of subchondral bone remodeling and could be a potential disease-modifying therapy for osteoarthritis.
192. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Bidirectional regulation of glial potassium buffering – glioprotection versus neuroprotection

     Hailun Li, Lorenzo Lones, Aaron DiAntonio

     A neuromodulatory circuit bidirectionally regulates the glial capacity to buffer ions and water in response to changes in neuronal excitation in order to balance glial versus neuronal protection.
193. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Estrogen receptor alpha in the brain mediates tamoxifen-induced changes in physiology in mice

     Zhi Zhang, Jae Whan Park ... Stephanie M Correa

     Estrogen receptor alpha in the hypothalamus is required for the effects of chronic tamoxifen treament on gene expression, thermoregulation, bone, and movement in mice.
194. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     Anti-ferroptotic mechanism of IL4i1-mediated amino acid metabolism

     Leonie Zeitler, Alessandra Fiore ... Peter J Murray

     IL4i1 is an amino acid oxidase expressed in the mammalian immune system and snake venoms, which control diametrically opposite cell protection versus cell death pathways, respectively.
195. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Latrophilin GPCR signaling mediates synapse formation

     Richard Sando, Thomas C Südhof

     Spatial restriction of GPCR signaling at nascent synapses by adhesion complexes drives excitatory synapse formation and specificity in the hippocampus.
196. 1. Neuroscience

     C. elegans orthologs MUT-7/CeWRN-1 of Werner syndrome protein regulate neuronal plasticity

     Tsung-Yuan Hsu, Bo Zhang ... Bi-Tzen Juang

     The olfactory learning of Caenorhabditis elegans shows that the exonuclease and helicase domains of human Werner syndrome protein (WRN) coordinately regulate the biogenesis of small interfering RNAs to promote neuronal plasticity.
197. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Cystic proliferation of germline stem cells is necessary to reproductive success and normal mating behavior in medaka

     Luisa F Arias Padilla, Diana C Castañeda-Cortés ... Juan I Fernandino

     In medaka fish, the reduction of cystic proliferation of germ stem cells declines gametogenesis, reproduction success, and male sexual behavior, with a decrease of mating vigor.
198. 1. Neuroscience

     Neural encoding of actual and imagined touch within human posterior parietal cortex

     Srinivas Chivukula, Carey Y Zhang ... Richard A Andersen

     Single neurons in human posterior parietal cortex encode actual and imagined touch within a shared neural substrate.
199. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     The mTORC1-mediated activation of ATF4 promotes protein and glutathione synthesis downstream of growth signals

     Margaret E Torrence, Michael R MacArthur ... Brendan D Manning

     ATF4 is a metabolic effector of mTORC1 signaling, co-opted to induce gene targets involved in amino acid synthesis, uptake, and tRNA charging, contributing to mTORC1-driven protein and glutathione synthesis.