August 2021

Research articles

1. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
   2. Cell Biology

   Edge-strand of BepA interacts with immature LptD on the β-barrel assembly machine to direct it to on- and off-pathways

   Ryoji Miyazaki, Tetsuro Watanabe ... Yoshinori Akiyama

   In vivo crosslinking approaches revealed that the edge-strand of Escherichia coli metallopeptidase BepA interacts with an assembly intermediate of β-barrel outer membrane protein LptD on the outer membrane protein translocon for its targeting to degradation or maturation.
2. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

   Thrombopoietin from hepatocytes promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after myeloablation

   Longfei Gao, Matthew Decker ... Lei Ding

   Systemic but not locally produced thrombopoietin promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after myeloablation.
3. 1. Neuroscience

   Correction of amblyopia in cats and mice after the critical period

   Ming-fai Fong, Kevin R Duffy ... Mark F Bear

   Visual impairment caused by monocular deprivation early in life can be reversed rapidly at older ages by temporarily blocking all activity in the non-deprived eye.
4. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

   The mechanism of MICU-dependent gating of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺uniporter

   Vivek Garg, Junji Suzuki ... Yuriy Kirichok

   A comprehensive functional analysis of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCU) demonstrates that the auxiliary MICU subunits potentiate Ca²⁺ transport via MCU.
5. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

   TGFβ signalling is required to maintain pluripotency of human naïve pluripotent stem cells

   Anna Osnato, Stephanie Brown ... Peter J Rugg-Gunn

   Identifying the pathways that support human naive-state pluripotent stem cells provides insights into the signalling-based regulation of human pluripotency and enables informed decisions to improve conditions for pluripotent cell culture.
6. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Leveraging the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery to systematically map functional epigenetic variation

   Teresa Romeo Luperchio, Leandros Boukas ... Hans T Bjornsson

   Chromatin/transcriptome profiling in multiple mouse models with mutations in epigenetic machinery (EM) reveals shared abnormalities including many IgA-relevant genes, indicating that this kind of joint analysis may elucidate the multigenic nature of EM disorders.
7. 1. Developmental Biology
   2. Evolutionary Biology

   Studying evolution of the primary body axis in vivo and in vitro

   Kerim Anlas, Vikas Trivedi

   The shared capacity of stem cells to recapitulate initial body plan formation in vitro without species-specific cues, suggests the existence of alternative, evolutionarily conserved developmental trajectories.
8. 1. Cancer Biology
   2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

   YAP and TAZ are transcriptional co-activators of AP-1 proteins and STAT3 during breast cellular transformation

   Lizhi He, Henry Pratt ... Kevin Struhl

   YAP and TAZ, the ultimate targets of the Hippo signaling pathway, are transcriptional co-activators of AP-1 proteins and STAT3 through which they are important for breast cellular transformation.
9. 1. Neuroscience

   Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation

   Filip Sobczak, Patricia Pais-Roldán ... Xin Yu

   The variability of the pupil–fMRI relationship was characterized through a combination of clustering and prediction methods, which revealed brain state-specific subcortical and neuromodulatory activation patterns reflected in pupil dynamics.
10. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Mutational sources of trans-regulatory variation affecting gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Fabien Duveau, Petra Vande Zande ... Patricia J Wittkopp

    Mapping mutations affecting gene expression within the yeast genome and within a gene regulatory network reveals properties of the raw material for regulatory variation.
11. 1. Neuroscience

    Spectral signature and behavioral consequence of spontaneous shifts of pupil-linked arousal in human

    Ella Podvalny, Leana E King, Biyu J He

    Fluctuations of spectral power in large-scale cortical networks shape behavior in a perceptual decision-making task through arousal-linked and arousal-independent mechanisms.
12. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Sterically confined rearrangements of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein control cell invasion

    Esteban Dodero-Rojas, Jose N Onuchic, Paul Charles Whitford

    SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism through membrane fusion is regulated by the spike protein glycosylation state.
13. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Inducible and reversible inhibition of miRNA-mediated gene repression in vivo

    Gaspare La Rocca, Bryan King ... Andrea Ventura

    A new genetically engineered mouse strain is described in which miRNA activity can be acutely and reversibly inhibited, showing that in a subset of adult tissues miRNA activity is dispensable under homeostatic conditions but becomes essential during tissue regeneration.
14. 1. Neuroscience

    Sleeping at the switch

    Maude Bouchard, Jean-Marc Lina ... Julie Carrier

    Slow and fast switcher slow waves in human sleep show distinct EEG connectivity patterns and homeostatic regulation as well as changes during aging.
15. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    MACF1 controls skeletal muscle function through the microtubule-dependent localization of extra-synaptic myonuclei and mitochondria biogenesis

    Alireza Ghasemizadeh, Emilie Christin ... Vincent Gache

    Maintenance of peripheral myonuclei patterning in skeletal myofibers is dependent on the regulation of microtubules dynamic and nuclei motion and is essential for proper neuromuscular junction integrity and mitochondria homeostasis.
16. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Parallel evolution between genomic segments of seasonal human influenza viruses reveals RNA-RNA relationships

    Jennifer E Jones, Valerie Le Sage ... Seema S Lakdawala

    Phylogenetic relationships between viral RNA segments are distinct between subtypes and lineages of seasonal human influenza A viruses and implicate RNA-RNA relationships as novel drivers of influenza virus evolution.
17. 1. Genetics and Genomics

    NHR-8 and P-glycoproteins uncouple xenobiotic resistance from longevity in chemosensory C. elegans mutants

    Gabriel A Guerrero, Maxime J Derisbourg ... Martin S Denzel

    Separate genetic pathways mediate longevity, pathogen resistance, and cell-nonautonomous regulation of xenobiotic detoxification in chemosensory defective Caenorhabditis elegans mutants.
18. 1. Developmental Biology

    Apical contacts stemming from incomplete delamination guide progenitor cell allocation through a dragging mechanism

    Eduardo Pulgar, Cornelia Schwayer ... Miguel L Concha

    Incomplete delamination serves as a cellular platform for coordinated tissue movements during development, guiding newly formed progenitor cell groups to the differentiation site.
19. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    PRMT5 regulates ovarian follicle development by facilitating Wt1 translation

    Min Chen, Fangfang Dong ... Fei Gao

    PRMT5 participates in ovarian granulosa cell lineage maintenance by regulating Wt1 IRES-dependent translation.
20. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    Disintegration promotes protospacer integration by the Cas1-Cas2 complex

    Chien-Hui Ma, Kamyab Javanmardi ... Makkuni Jayaram

    Disintegration, regarded as an abortive side reaction antithetical to DNA transposition, can promote protospacer integration at the CRISPR locus via DNA repair pathways.
21. 1. Developmental Biology

    Development and genetics of red coloration in the zebrafish relative Danio albolineatus

    Delai Huang, Victor M Lewis ... David M Parichy

    In the zebrafish relative Danio albolineatus, red erythrophores share a common progenitor with yellow xanthophores and require Cyp2ae2 and Bdh1a for accumulation of red ketocarotenoid pigment.
22. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics

    Michael I Barton, Stuart A MacGowan ... P Anton van der Merwe

    Common variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor, increase the binding affinity, suggesting that they could increase viral transmissibility.
23. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    The pro-regenerative effects of hyperIL6 in drug-induced liver injury are unexpectedly due to competitive inhibition of IL11 signaling

    Jinrui Dong, Sivakumar Viswanathan ... Stuart A Cook

    IL6ST (gp130) binding proteins, such as HyperIL6, promote liver regrowth in a STAT3-indpependent manner through competitive inhibition of anti-regenerative IL11 signaling.
24. 1. Plant Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria

    Zachary Dobson, Safa Ahad ... Yuval Mazor

    The necessity of studying extremophile organisms is exemplified by the structure of photosystem I from a high-light tolerant cyanobacteria, demonstrating the relationship between the structure and function in photosystem I.
25. 1. Neuroscience

    The BigBrainWarp toolbox for integration of BigBrain 3D histology with multimodal neuroimaging

    Casey Paquola, Jessica Royer ... Boris Bernhardt

    The BigBrainWarp toolbox facilitates integration of 3D human brain histology with neuroimaging, helping neuroscientists to utilise cytoarchitectural information in conjunction with in vivo imaging.
26. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    HBO1-MLL interaction promotes AF4/ENL/P-TEFb-mediated leukemogenesis

    Satoshi Takahashi, Akinori Kanai ... Akihiko Yokoyama

    Interaction of the MLL and HBO1 complexes is a key nexus for leukemic transformation that can serve as a therapeutic target.
27. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The roles of history, chance, and natural selection in the evolution of antibiotic resistance

    Alfonso Santos-Lopez, Christopher W Marshall ... Vaughn S Cooper

    Selection imposed by antibiotics may dominate evolutionary forces acting on opportunistic pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii, yet chance effects and a prior history in biofilm may constrain resistance and impose collateral sensitivities.
28. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Endothelial junctional membrane protrusions serve as hotspots for neutrophil transmigration

    Janine JG Arts, Eike K Mahlandt ... Jaap D van Buul

    Neutrophils use dorsal membrane protrusions of endothelial cells to cross the vascular wall.
29. 1. Developmental Biology

    Crosstalk between nitric oxide and retinoic acid pathways is essential for amphioxus pharynx development

    Filomena Caccavale, Giovanni Annona ... Salvatore D'Aniello

    Previously undescribed morphogenetic and developmental mechanisms unravel that the cooperation of two ancient signaling pathways, nitric oxide and retinoic acid, is essential to build a chordate embryo.
30. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Cancer risk perception and physician communication behaviors on cervical cancer and colorectal cancer screening

    Diane M Harper, Madiha Tariq ... Ken Resnicow

    The physician involving the woman as much as she wants in her health care is significantly associated with up-to-date dual cervical and colorectal cancer screening compared to being up to date in only cervical cancer screening.
31. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Superspreaders drive the largest outbreaks of hospital onset COVID-19 infections

    Christopher JR Illingworth, William L Hamilton ... M Estée Török

    Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a hospital environment show evidence of superspreading, with 80% of infections caused by 21% of infected individuals.
32. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Augmin deficiency in neural stem cells causes p53-dependent apoptosis and aborts brain development

    Ricardo Viais, Marcos Fariña-Mosquera ... Jens Lüders

    Non-centrosomal microtubule nucleation mediated by augmin is essential for neural progenitor mitosis and survival, and thus brain development.
33. 1. Neuroscience

    A unified platform to manage, share, and archive morphological and functional data in insect neuroscience

    Stanley Heinze, Basil el Jundi ... Kevin Tedore

    The InsectBrain Database is a novel, freely available software tool designed to accelerate research in the field of insect neuroscience and to improve implementation of open data concepts.
34. 1. Neuroscience

    Reexamination of N-terminal domains of syntaxin-1 in vesicle fusion from central murine synapses

    Gülçin Vardar, Andrea Salazar-Lázaro ... Christian Rosenmund

    A mutant rescue approach in STX1-null autaptic neurons provides definitive answers and opens up new questions into a controversial matter of syntaxin-1's binding to Munc18-1 through its N-peptide and its function in neurotransmission.
35. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Identification of neural progenitor cells and their progeny reveals long distance migration in the developing octopus brain

    Astrid Deryckere, Ruth Styfhals ... Eve Seuntjens

    Neurogenic progenitor cells surrounding the eye placode generate neurons that migrate over long distances to the developing octopus brain.
36. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    An evidence-based 3D reconstruction of Asteroxylon mackiei, the most complex plant preserved from the Rhynie chert

    Alexander J Hetherington, Siobhán L Bridson ... Liam Dolan

    The body plan of the 407-million-year-old plant fossil Asteroxylon mackiei comprised three developmentally distinct systems of axes.
37. 1. Neuroscience

    Stimulus-specific plasticity in human visual gamma-band activity and functional connectivity

    Benjamin J Stauch, Alina Peter ... Pascal Fries

    When visual stimuli are repeated, gamma oscillations in human early visual cortex and feedforward gamma synchronization across the visual system show stimulus-specific and persistent increases.
38. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Combinations of maternal-specific repressive epigenetic marks in the endosperm control seed dormancy

    Hikaru Sato, Juan Santos-González, Claudia Köhler

    Analyses of cell type-specific data show that the maternal alleles of genes related to establishing and breaking seed dormancy are suppressed by different combinations of epigenetic marks in the endosperm of Arabidopsis.
39. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Analysis of meiosis in Pristionchus pacificus reveals plasticity in homolog pairing and synapsis in the nematode lineage

    Regina Rillo-Bohn, Renzo Adilardi ... Abby F Dernburg

    Investigation of meiosis in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus has illuminated evolutionary variation in this essential aspect of reproduction and established a new model for future study.
40. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Neuroscience

    Subventricular zone/white matter microglia reconstitute the empty adult microglial niche in a dynamic wave

    Lindsay A Hohsfield, Allison R Najafi ... Kim N Green

    In an empty microglial niche, repopulating microglia arise from subventricular zone and white matter-associated areas without contributions from the bone marrow to fill the mouse brain via a spreading wave.
41. 1. Plant Biology

    An oomycete effector subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface

    Pooja Pandey, Alexandre Y Leary ... Tolga O Bozkurt

    A pathogen effector mimics starvation-induced autophagy by subverting host endomembrane trafficking to stimulate biogenesis of autophagosomes around pathogen feeding sites, revealing how pathogens interlock distinct host compartments to facilitate infection.
42. 1. Neuroscience

    Urocortin-3 neurons in the mouse perifornical area promote infant-directed neglect and aggression

    Anita E Autry, Zheng Wu ... Catherine Dulac

    Genetic and functional manipulations uncover urocortin-3-expressing neurons in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus as a dedicated circuit component for the expression of infant-directed neglect and aggression in mice.
43. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Emergence of a smooth interface from growth of a dendritic network against a mechanosensitive contractile material

    Medha Sharma, Tao Jiang ... Tony JC Harris

    A smooth and circular interface can form between domains of the cell cortex from local induction of a contractile actomyosin ring by centrifugal pushing forces of an expanding Arp2/3 actin network.
44. 1. Neuroscience

    Systematic morphological and morphometric analysis of identified olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

    Cesar Nava Gonzales, Quintyn McKaughan ... Chih-Ying Su

    A morphological characterization of Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons—conducted systematically at nanoscale resolution—yields an extensive morphometric dataset, identifies novel features of olfactory sensilla, and raises intriguing questions for how the size and shape of sensory neurons influence their function.
45. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Integrated single-cell analysis unveils diverging immune features of COVID-19, influenza, and other community-acquired pneumonia

    Alex R Schuurman, Tom DY Reijnders ... Tom van der Poll

    Different etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia evoke both shared and diverging immunological responses.
46. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Interferon receptor-deficient mice are susceptible to eschar-associated rickettsiosis

    Thomas P Burke, Patrik Engström ... Matthew D Welch

    Type I interferon and interferon-γ signaling redundantly protects mice from the tick-borne pathogen Rickettsia parkeri in the skin, and interferon receptor-deficient mice are a tractable model for investigating rickettsiosis.
47. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Loss of Mir146b with aging contributes to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages

    Andrea Santeford, Aaron Y Lee ... Rajendra S Apte

    MicroRNA-146b regulates aging, activation, and mitochodrial function in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages.
48. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    N501Y mutation of spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 strengthens its binding to receptor ACE2

    Fang Tian, Bei Tong ... Peng Zheng

    Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with mutation N501Y shows a faster association rate, slower dissociation rate, and higher binding probability and unbinding force to its human receptor protein ACE2, leading to higher transmission.
49. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Hypoxia triggers collective aerotactic migration in Dictyostelium discoideum

    Olivier Cochet-Escartin, Mete Demircigil ... Jean-Paul Rieu

    Cell assemblies can use environmental cues created by their own respiration, such as oxygen gradients, to collectively guide themselves to more favorable locations in a remarkably robust and long-lasting way.
50. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    An engineered transcriptional reporter of protein localization identifies regulators of mitochondrial and ER membrane protein trafficking in high-throughput CRISPRi screens

    Robert Coukos, David Yao ... Alice Y Ting

    HiLITR is a molecular reporter of protein localization that enables straightforward, large-scale, fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based discovery of genes that regulate complex cellular processes, such as mitochondrial and ER tail-anchored protein trafficking.
51. 1. Physics of Living Systems
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Probing the effect of clustering on EphA2 receptor signaling efficiency by subcellular control of ligand-receptor mobility

    Zhongwen Chen, Dongmyung Oh ... Jay T Groves

    EphA2 receptor clustering enhances signaling transductions by increasing receptor phosphorylation and binding dwell time of downstream molecules in living cells.
52. 1. Ecology
    2. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Physiology and ecology combine to determine host and vector importance for Ross River virus

    Morgan P Kain, Eloise B Skinner ... Erin A Mordecai

    The role host and vector species play in pathogen transmission cycles is best quantified by integrating species' physiological and ecological competence.
53. 1. Neuroscience

    Understanding neural signals of post-decisional performance monitoring: An integrative review

    Kobe Desender, K Richard Ridderinkhof, Peter R Murphy

    A computationally explicit framework can explain post-decisional neural signals of performance monitoring.
54. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics across the respiratory tract, sex, and disease severity for adult and pediatric COVID-19

    Paul Z Chen, Niklas Bobrovitz ... Frank X Gu

    COVID-19 severity, rather than sex or age, predicts SARS-CoV-2 kinetics, and SARS-CoV-2 viral load from lower respiratory tract specimens may predict severe disease days before clinical deterioration for COVID-19 patients.
55. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    An essential, kinetoplastid-specific GDP-Fuc: β-D-Gal α-1,2-fucosyltransferase is located in the mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei

    Giulia Bandini, Sebastian Damerow ... Michael AJ Ferguson

    The activity, localization, and essentiality of TbFUT1, together with its ability to complement Leishmania parasites lacking the homologous gene, suggest the presence of an uncommon and conserved mitochondrial fucosylation pathway required for kinetoplastid parasites viability.
56. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Characterization of the ABC methionine transporter from Neisseria meningitidis reveals that lipidated MetQ is required for interaction

    Naima G Sharaf, Mona Shahgholi ... Douglas C Rees

    NmMetQ is a lipoprotein that tethers to membranes via a lipid anchor and has dual function and localization, playing a role in NmMetNI-mediated transport at the inner membrane and moonlighting on the bacterial surface.
57. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    GIV/Girdin, a non-receptor modulator for Gαi/s, regulates spatiotemporal signaling during sperm capacitation and is required for male fertility

    Sequoyah Reynoso, Vanessa Castillo ... Pradipta Ghosh

    Spermatozoa require GIV for specialized compartmentalized signaling to support efficient capacitation while inhibiting premature acrosome reaction.
58. 1. Neuroscience

    Neural dynamics between anterior insular cortex and right supramarginal gyrus dissociate genuine affect sharing from perceptual saliency of pretended pain

    Yili Zhao, Lei Zhang ... Claus Lamm

    Seeing others genuinely experiencing pain vs. pretending to be in pain is distinctively tracked by neural processes related to affect sharing and self-other distinction, enabling individuals to precisely respond to others’ actual emotions and needs.
59. 1. Evolutionary Biology

    Quantifying the relationship between genetic diversity and population size suggests natural selection cannot explain Lewontin’s Paradox

    Vince Buffalo

    Quantifying the relationship between census sizes and genetic diversity estimates provides insights into whether natural selection can explain the narrow range of diversity between species.
60. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    TRPC3 and NALCN channels drive pacemaking in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons

    Ki Bum Um, Suyun Hahn ... Myoung Kyu Park

    The non-selective Na⁺ leak channel (NALCN) and the transient receptor potential 3 channel (TRPC3) cooperate in driving pacemaking in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.
61. 1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    TMEM120A contains a specific coenzyme A-binding site and might not mediate poking- or stretch-induced channel activities in cells

    Yao Rong, Jinghui Jiang ... Zhenfeng Liu

    Electrophysiological and structural characterizations reveal that a previously proposed ion channel responsible for sensing mechanical pain is insensitive to poking or stretching stimuli for conducting ions and may serve as a coenzyme A-binding protein instead.
62. 1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    The whale shark genome reveals patterns of vertebrate gene family evolution

    Milton Tan, Anthony K Redmond ... Timothy Read

    The new whale shark genome assembly represents the best gapless chondrichthyan genome assembly yet, and comparative genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate genome origins, immunity, and gigantism.
63. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Multi-syndrome, multi-gene risk modeling for individuals with a family history of cancer with the novel R package PanelPRO

    Gavin Lee, Jane W Liang ... Danielle Braun

    A comprehensive package for pedigree-based risk modeling, with a highly optimized computational back-end, extends existing models beyond syndrome-specific approaches and incorporates data from panel studies by allowing for an arbitrary number of gene and syndrome associations.
64. 1. Cancer Biology

    Innate immune activation by checkpoint inhibition in human patient-derived lung cancer tissues

    Teresa WM Fan, Richard M Higashi ... Andrew N Lane

    Pembrolizumab activates innate immune metabolism and function in primary human non-small cell lung cancer, whereas Pembrolizumab and beta-glucan synergize in enhancing immune metabolism and tumoridical action in brain-metastasized lung cancer.
65. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Linker histone H1.8 inhibits chromatin binding of condensins and DNA topoisomerase II to tune chromosome length and individualization

    Pavan Choppakatla, Bastiaan Dekker ... Hironori Funabiki

    Linker histone H1.8 shapes mitotic chromosomes by tuning the number and size of condensin-dependent DNA loops and suppressing condensin and DNA topoisomerase II-dependent individualization.
66. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Cost-precision trade-off relation determines the optimal morphogen gradient for accurate biological pattern formation

    Yonghyun Song, Changbong Hyeon

    The morphogen profiles that pattern the fruit fly attain desired levels of spatial precision in a cost-effective manner.
67. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A proteome-wide genetic investigation identifies several SARS-CoV-2-exploited host targets of clinical relevance

    Mohd Anisul, Jarrod Shilts ... Ian Dunham

    Genetic integration of human protein abundance variation and COVID-19 susceptibility identifies proteins with potential causal roles in antiviral responses, coagulation, cytokine activation, and direct receptor interactions with SARS-CoV-2.
68. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    The development of active binocular vision under normal and alternate rearing conditions

    Lukas Klimmasch, Johann Schneider ... Jochen Triesch

    A new computational model explains how alternate rearing conditions affect the development of binocular vision.
69. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    An in vitro stem cell model of human epiblast and yolk sac interaction

    Kirsty ML Mackinlay, Bailey AT Weatherbee ... Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz

    Human yolk sac-like cells, which share characteristics with the post-implantation human hypoblast, can model the interaction between the epiblast and hypoblast that occurs during early human development.
70. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Receptor repertoires of murine follicular T helper cells reveal a high clonal overlap in separate lymph nodes in autoimmunity

    Markus Niebuhr, Julia Belde ... Kathrin Kalies

    Repertoires of autoreactive murine follicular T helper cells synchronize transiently within one individual.
71. 1. Ecology

    How will mosquitoes adapt to climate warming?

    Lisa I Couper, Johannah E Farner ... Erin A Mordecai

    Mosquitoes may be likely to adapt to climate warming given their short life cycles and strong temperature sensitivity, but key data gaps identified here constrain current estimates of adaptive potential.
72. 1. Cancer Biology

    NF1 regulates mesenchymal glioblastoma plasticity and aggressiveness through the AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1

    Carolina Marques, Thomas Unterkircher ... Massimo Squatrito

    Neurofibromatosis type 1 gene (NF1) signaling is causally linked to the acquisition of a mesenchymal gene expression program in gliomas through the regulation of the AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1.
73. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Cardiac pathologies in mouse loss of imprinting models are due to misexpression of H19 long noncoding RNA

    Ki-Sun Park, Beenish Rahat ... Karl Pfeifer

    Maternal loss of imprinting at the Igf2/H19 locus reduces expression of H19 lncRNA and thereby leads to progressive cardiac pathologies in a mouse Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome model.
74. 1. Cell Biology

    KLF10 integrates circadian timing and sugar signaling to coordinate hepatic metabolism

    Anthony A Ruberto, Aline Gréchez-Cassiau ... Michèle Teboul

    Krüppel-like factor 10 coordinates the hepatic circadian transcriptome and protects the liver from the adverse effects of increased sugar consumption.
75. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Insulin-producing β-cells regenerate ectopically from a mesodermal origin under the perturbation of hemato-endothelial specification

    Ka-Cheuk Liu, Alethia Villasenor ... Olov Andersson

    Genetic analyses revealed the remarkable plasticity of mesodermal cells to differentiate across the germ layers to form insulin-producing β-cells, which are normally of endodermal origin.
76. 1. Neuroscience

    Dual mechanisms of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the inspiratory rhythm-generating network

    Nathan A Baertsch, Nicholas E Bush ... Jan-Marino Ramirez

    Opioids cause hyperpolarization and pre-synaptic suppression among a subset of preBötzinger Complex neurons to impair respiratory rhythmogenesis.
77. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Spinal lumbar dI2 interneurons contribute to stability of bipedal stepping

    Baruch Haimson, Yoav Hadas ... Avihu Klar

    Spinal dI2 interneurons relay peripheral and intraspinal feedback to premotor networks in the spinal cord and the cerebellum to ensure the stability of bipedal stepping.
78. 1. Developmental Biology

    Single-cell RNA analysis identifies pre-migratory neural crest cells expressing markers of differentiated derivatives

    Ezra Lencer, Rytis Prekeris, Kristin Bruk Artinger

    Pre-migratory and early migratory neural crest cells in zebrafish are transcriptionally diverse, with some cells expressing genes associated with differentiated derivatives while still in the neural tube.
79. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    HIF1α is required for NK cell metabolic adaptation during virus infection

    Francisco Victorino, Tarin M Bigley ... Wayne M Yokoyama

    During pathogen infection, natural killer cells require hypoxia-inducible factor-1α for optimal metabolism to prevent apoptosis, thereby reducing viral load and protecting against morbidity.
80. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    A CTP-dependent gating mechanism enables ParB spreading on DNA

    Adam SB Jalal, Ngat T Tran ... Tung BK Le

    A structural and biochemical approach shows that CTP binding and hydrolysis regulate nucleation, spreading, and recycling of a chromosome segregation protein ParB.
81. 1. Neuroscience

    Spatially patterned excitatory neuron subtypes and projections of the claustrum

    Sarah R Erwin, Brianna N Bristow ... Mark S Cembrowski

    The claustrum comprises spatially patterned excitatory neuron subtypes with distinct molecular and projection properties.
82. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Imaging cytoplasmic lipid droplets in vivo with fluorescent perilipin 2 and perilipin 3 knock-in zebrafish

    Meredith H Wilson, Stephen C Ekker, Steven A Farber

    Fluorescent perilipin zebrafish lines are powerful new tools for studying lipid droplet dynamics in health and disease.
83. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Rad53 checkpoint kinase regulation of DNA replication fork rate via Mrc1 phosphorylation

    Allison W McClure, John FX Diffley

    DNA replication fork rate in budding yeast is regulated in response to DNA damage by phosphorylation of two proteins, Mrc1 and Mcm10, by the Rad53 protein kinase.
84. 1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Scaled, high fidelity electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic cell characterization

    Brian R Lee, Agata Budzillo ... Jim Berg

    High-quality, multimodal, electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic data collection from a single cell using a refined Patch-seq protocol.
85. 1. Medicine
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Adult stem cell-derived complete lung organoid models emulate lung disease in COVID-19

    Courtney Tindle, MacKenzie Fuller ... Soumita Das

    An integrated stem cell-based disease modeling and computational approach demonstrates how proximal airway epithelium is critical for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and distal alveolar cells are critical for simulating the host responses.
86. 1. Cell Biology

    Intracellular functions and motile properties of bi-directional kinesin-5 Cin8 are regulated by neck linker docking

    Alina Goldstein-Levitin, Himanshu Pandey ... Larisa Gheber

    Precise hydrogen-bond stabilization of the neck linker docking onto the catalytic motor domain, is crucial for motor activity and intracellular functions of the bi-directional mitotic kinesin-5 Cin8.
87. 1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Sustained expression of unc-4 homeobox gene and unc-37/Groucho in postmitotic neurons specifies the spatial organization of the cholinergic synapses in C. elegans

    Mizuki Kurashina, Jane Wang ... Kota Mizumoto

    Genetic analyses using a simple nervous system of the nematode revealed the novel function of the cell fate-determining transcriptional repressor complex in the differentiated neurons to determine the precise synapse position.
88. 1. Ecology

    Widespread variation in heat tolerance and symbiont load are associated with growth tradeoffs in the coral Acropora hyacinthus in Palau

    Brendan Cornwell, Katrina Armstrong ... Stephen R Palumbi

    Bleaching-resistant corals are widespread across Palau and concentrated in warmer regions, but this trait is associated with decreased growth which could lead to reduced fitness if it is the only priority of conservation efforts.
89. 1. Medicine
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based combination antiretroviral therapy is associated with lower cell-associated HIV RNA and DNA levels compared to protease inhibitor-based therapy

    Alexander O Pasternak, Jelmer Vroom ... The Co-morBidity in Relation to Aids (COBRA) Collaboration

    In two independent cohorts, NNRTI-based cART regimens are associated with significantly lower cell-associated HIV RNA levels than PI-based regimens, suggesting more potent suppression of residual virus replication by NNRTI-based regimens.
90. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Patterns of within-host genetic diversity in SARS-CoV-2

    Gerry Tonkin-Hill, Inigo Martincorena ... Wellcome Sanger Institute COVID-19 Surveillance Team

    Characterisation of within-host diversity of SARS-CoV-2 provides insights into the mutational and selective mechanisms driving its evolution and has important implications for using within-host variation to inform transmission inference efforts.
91. 1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    The cAMP effector PKA mediates Moody GPCR signaling in Drosophila blood–brain barrier formation and maturation

    Xiaoling Li, Richard Fetter ... Ulrike Gaul

    A polarized Moody/protein kinase A pathway plays an unrecognized central role in controlling the enormous cell growth and blood–brain barrier integrity in a highly coordinated spatiotemporal manner in brain homeostasis.
92. 1. Cancer Biology

    A feedback loop between the androgen receptor and 6-phosphogluoconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) drives prostate cancer growth

    Joanna L Gillis, Josephine A Hinneh ... Lisa M Butler

    A positive feedback loop between the androgen receptor and a key pentose phosphate pathway enzyme, 6PGD, in prostate cancer promotes tumour cell proliferation, survival and intracellular redox control.
93. 1. Ecology

    Gaps in global wildlife trade monitoring leave amphibians vulnerable

    Alice C Hughes, Benjamin Michael Marshall, Colin T Strine

    Almost 98% of amphibian species have no regulation on their international trade, yet as 17% (1215 species) are in trade with 45% of individuals coming from the wild, including 445 Endangered/Data Deficient species, this poses a risk to species survival.
94. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

    LMO2 is essential to maintain the ability of progenitors to differentiate into T-cell lineage in mice

    Ken-ichi Hirano, Hiroyuki Hosokawa ... Katsuto Hozumi

    LMO2 plays an important role in the maintenance of T lymphocyte competence and survival of pre-thymic progenitors by regulating the expression of Bcl11a and Tcf7 genes.
95. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Loss of N¹-methylation of G37 in tRNA induces ribosome stalling and reprograms gene expression

    Isao Masuda, Jae-Yeon Hwang ... Ya-Ming Hou

    Biochemical and genome-wide analysis demonstrates that m¹G37 is important for tRNA aminoacylation and for the entire elongation cycle of protein synthesis.
96. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Quantitative control of noise in mammalian gene expression by dynamic histone regulation

    Deng Tan, Rui Chen ... Wei Huang

    Ubiquitous transcriptional factor-CBP/p300 interaction induces epigenetic and transcriptional bimodality, which can be utilized to tune mean gene expression and noise independently.
97. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Tonic interferon restricts pathogenic IL-17-driven inflammatory disease via balancing the microbiome

    Isabelle J Marié, Lara Brambilla ... David E Levy

    Overlapping action of type I, II, and III interferons maintains microbiome homeostasis, prevents IL-17-driven myeloproliferative disease, and protects against inflammatory bowel disease.
98. 1. Neuroscience

    Separable pupillary signatures of perception and action during perceptual multistability

    Jan W Brascamp, Gilles de Hollander ... Tomas Knapen

    When conscious visual perception changes, the observer's pupils simultaneously signal the accompanying change in visual cortical representation, and specific neuromodulatory activity that helps translate the altered visual experience into behavior.
99. 1. Cancer Biology
    2. Medicine

    Human immunocompetent Organ-on-Chip platforms allow safety profiling of tumor-targeted T-cell bispecific antibodies

    S Jordan Kerns, Chaitra Belgur ... Lauriane Cabon

    Novel human models of the lung and intestine are described and validated as preclinical in vitro tools for predictive profiling of T-cell-bispecific antibodies with expected on-target off-tumor risk.
100. 1. Cell Biology

     A bone-specific adipogenesis pathway in fat-free mice defines key origins and adaptations of bone marrow adipocytes with age and disease

     Xiao Zhang, Hero Robles ... Erica L Scheller

     A novel secondary adipogenesis pathway is defined that is unique to the bone marrow and is activated with age and in states of metabolic stress.
101. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Analysis of the mechanosensor channel functionality of TACAN

     Yiming Niu, Xiao Tao ... Roderick MacKinnon

     Electrophysiological and structural data do not support a mechanosensitive channel function for TACAN.
102. 1. Neuroscience

     Learning to stand with unexpected sensorimotor delays

     Brandon G Rasman, Patrick A Forbes ... Jean-Sébastien Blouin

     The nervous system can learn to control standing balance with added sensorimotor delays by causally linking delayed whole-body sensory feedback, initially deemed as unexpected, to self-generated balance motor commands.
103. 1. Neuroscience

     Causal neural mechanisms of context-based object recognition

     Miles Wischnewski, Marius V Peelen

     Context-based object recognition causally relies on both scene- and object-selective cortex, with scene-selective cortex generating expectations (at 160-200 ms after onset) that disambiguate object representations in object-selective cortex (at 260-300 ms after onset).
104. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Twisting of the zebrafish heart tube during cardiac looping is a tbx5-dependent and tissue-intrinsic process

     Federico Tessadori, Erika Tsingos ... Jeroen Bakkers

     The three-dimensional and asymmetrical transformations undergone by the zebrafish linear heart tube during looping morphogenesis are under the control of cardiac-intrinsic cues.
105. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Genetic surveillance in the Greater Mekong subregion and South Asia to support malaria control and elimination

     Christopher G Jacob, Nguyen Thuy-Nhien ... Olivo Miotto

     Large-scale genetic surveillance of malaria implemented by National Malaria Control Programmes informs public health decision makers about the spread of strains resistant to antimalarials.
106. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics

     Kai Weißenbruch, Justin Grewe ... Martin Bastmeyer

     The mechanical response of adherent cells in structured environments is shown to be shaped by the intricate interplay between the three different isoforms of an essential molecular motor.
107. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Temporal pattern and synergy influence activity of ERK signaling pathways during L-LTP induction

     Nadiatou T Miningou Zobon, Joanna Jędrzejewska-Szmek, Kim T Blackwell

     ERK activation during induction of long-term synaptic plasticity is enhanced by synergistic interactions among signaling pathways mediated by the synaptically located GTPase-activating protein, and each pathway contributes to different ERK temporal dynamics.
108. 1. Neuroscience

     Left-right side-specific endocrine signaling complements neural pathways to mediate acute asymmetric effects of brain injury

     Nikolay Lukoyanov, Hiroyuki Watanabe ... Georgy Bakalkin

     In addition to the well-established involvement of descending neural tracts, the left-right side-specific endocrine mechanism may contribute to signaling from injured brain to spinal motor circuits.
109. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     TMEM120A is a coenzyme A-binding membrane protein with structural similarities to ELOVL fatty acid elongase

     Jing Xue, Yan Han ... Youxing Jiang

     Cryo-EM structure of human TMEM120A reveals that it is a coenzyme A-binding protein and is unlikely to function as a mechanosensitive channel as was recently proposed.
110. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Hsp40s play complementary roles in the prevention of tau amyloid formation

     Rose Irwin, Ofrah Faust ... Rina Rosenzweig

     Chaperones from different families and classes synergistically target different stages of tau aggregation, thus preventing pathological amyloid formation.
111. 1. Neuroscience

     Purkinje cell outputs selectively inhibit a subset of unipolar brush cells in the input layer of the cerebellar cortex

     Chong Guo, Stephanie Rudolph ... Wade G Regehr

     Purkinje cell collaterals regulate processing in the input layer of the cerebellum by providing fast stochastic GABA_A-mediated and slow GABA_B-mediated inhibition to a specialized subset of unipolar brush cells.
112. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Cis-regulatory variants affect gene expression dynamics in yeast

     Ching-Hua Shih, Justin Fay

     Allele differences in gene expression dynamics are associated with insertions and deletions and are caused in part by multiple variants within the same promoter region.
113. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     Galectin-9 regulates the threshold of B cell activation and autoimmunity

     Logan K Smith, Kareem Fawaz, Bebhinn Treanor

     Galectin-9-deficient mice develop spontaneous autoimmunity, driven by a decreased threshold of B cell activation and enhanced auto-antigen delivery to the spleen by increased B1a-derived autoantibodies.
114. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Neural mechanisms of modulations of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others’ pain

     Taoyu Wu, Shihui Han

     Beliefs of others’ pain provide a cognitive basis of human empathy and altruism by modulating empathic brain activity.
115. 1. Computational and Systems Biology

     Variation in the modality of a yeast signaling pathway is mediated by a single regulator

     Julius Palme, Jue Wang, Michael Springer

     Yeast cells can tune the modality of a nutrient response on physiological and evolutionary timescales by adapting the expression and sequence of a sensor protein.
116. 1. Neuroscience
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Binocular rivalry reveals an out-of-equilibrium neural dynamics suited for decision-making

     Robin Cao, Alexander Pastukhov ... Jochen Braun

     The statistics of binocular rivalry at different combinations of image contrast is reproduced quantitatively by competing out-of-equilibrium populations of independent neural assemblies with idealized attractor dynamics.
117. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     Expanding the MECP2 network using comparative genomics reveals potential therapeutic targets for Rett syndrome

     Irene Unterman, Idit Bloch ... Yuval Tabach

     A novel comparative genomics framework identifies MECP2 network proteins targeted by existing drugs, with three drugs validated in an in vitro Rett syndrome model.
118. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Glypicans define unique roles for the Hedgehog co-receptors boi and ihog in cytoneme-mediated gradient formation

     Eléanor Simon, Carlos Jiménez-Jiménez ... Isabel Guerrero

     The glypicans Dally-like protein and Dally reveal functional non-redundancy of the Hedgehog co-receptors Boi and Ihog through independent interactions and specifically regulate cytoneme dynamics via the Ihog FNIII domain, thus setting long-range signaling.
119. 1. Developmental Biology

     Naa12 compensates for Naa10 in mice in the amino-terminal acetylation pathway

     Hyae Yon Kweon, Mi-Ni Lee ... Gholson J Lyon

     Mice doubly deficient for Naa10 and Naa12 display embryonic lethality, with both enzymes compensating for each other with amino-terminal acetylation of proteins in mouse development.
120. 1. Neuroscience

     Non-linear dimensionality reduction on extracellular waveforms reveals cell type diversity in premotor cortex

     Eric Kenji Lee, Hymavathy Balasubramanian ... Chandramouli Chandrasekaran

     WaveMAP is a novel approach that combines nonlinear dimensionality reduction with graph clustering on extracellular waveforms to reveal previously obscured cell type diversity in monkey cortex.
121. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Evolutionary Biology

     The need for practical insecticide-resistance guidelines to effectively inform mosquito-borne disease control programs

     Alice Namias, Ndey Bassin Jobe ... Silvie Huijben

     With standardized insecticide-resistance assays failing to inform mosquito-control efficacy due to genotype-by-environment effects, practical resistance monitoring under relevant local conditions is needed to correlate resistance, mosquito-control efficacy, and disease epidemiology.
122. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Unexpected plasticity in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

     Sarah Schuster, Jaime Lisack ... Markus Engstler

     Parasite life cycles may be more flexible than traditionally thought, potentially allowing single-cell infections of insect vectors and transmission between hosts even at very low parasite densities.
123. 1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

     Discovery and characterization of H_v1-type proton channels in reef-building corals

     Gisela Rangel-Yescas, Cecilia Cervantes ... Leon D Islas

     Proton channels are present in reef-building corals and constitute important molecular players that should help understand calcification and the response of these organisms to ocean acidification.
124. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade

     Axel A Guzmán-Solís, Viridiana Villa-Islas ... María C Ávila Arcos

     The characterization of ancient B19V and HBV genotype A4 viruses circulating during Colonial epidemics provides new insights into the pathogens that were introduced to the Americas after the European colonization.
125. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Medicine

     Adipocyte NR1D1 dictates adipose tissue expansion during obesity

     Ann Louise Hunter, Charlotte E Pelekanou ... David A Bechtold

     Clock protein NR1D1 regulates white adipose tissue expansion and development of obesity-related pathology.
126. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Characterization of cephalic and non-cephalic sensory cell types provides insight into joint photo- and mechanoreceptor evolution

     Roger Revilla-i-Domingo, Vinoth Babu Veedin Rajan ... Kristin Tessmar-Raible

     Molecular, cellular and behavioral genetic approaches in Platynereis dumerilii indicate that r-Opsins can act as ancient, light-dependent modulators of mechanosensation, and suggest that light-independent mechanosensory roles of r-Opsins evolved secondarily.
127. 1. Medicine

     Risk of motor vehicle collisions after methadone use

     Ya-Hui Yang, Pei-Shan Ho ... Hung-Yi Chuang

     Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can alleviate opioid dependence, however, drivers receiving MMT were at high risk of motor vehicle collisions in the present study, particularly the first 90 days of MMT.
128. 1. Developmental Biology

     Met and Cxcr4 cooperate to protect skeletal muscle stem cells against inflammation-induced damage during regeneration

     Ines Lahmann, Joscha Griger ... Carmen Birchmeier

     Met and Cxcr4 signaling protects muscle stem cells from the noxious environment during acute inflammation.
129. 1. Evolutionary Biology

     Evolution of diversity in metabolic strategies

     Rodrigo Caetano, Yaroslav Ispolatov, Michael Doebeli

     Analytical and numerical analyses reveal that the number of coexisting species exceeds the number of resource only for the structurally unstable case of linear tradeoff.
130. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     Unsupervised machine learning reveals key immune cell subsets in COVID-19, rhinovirus infection, and cancer therapy

     Sierra M Barone, Alberta GA Paul ... Jonathan M Irish

     Rare, virus-specific immune cells in human blood are automatically identified by machine learning algorithm T-REX and characterized for signature features needed for tracking and isolation.
131. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Precise optical control of gene expression in C elegans using improved genetic code expansion and Cre recombinase

     Lloyd Davis, Inja Radman ... Sebastian Greiss

     A method combining optimised genetic code expansion and optogenetics allows dissection of neural circuits with single-cell precision in freely moving animals.
132. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     A low Smc flux avoids collisions and facilitates chromosome organization in Bacillus subtilis

     Anna Anchimiuk, Virginia S Lioy ... Stephan Gruber

     Bacterial chromosome folding by DNA loop extrusion is here shown to rely on avoidance of SMC collisions by low SMC abundance, clustering of loading sites, efficient translocation, and rare unloading.
133. 1. Physics of Living Systems

     Ciliary chemosensitivity is enhanced by cilium geometry and motility

     David Hickey, Andrej Vilfan, Ramin Golestanian

     Chemical receptors located on cilia can achieve particle capture rates that are many times higher than receptors located on a flat epithelial surface.
134. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Developmental Biology

     Ciliary and extraciliary Gpr161 pools repress hedgehog signaling in a tissue-specific manner

     Sun-Hee Hwang, Bandarigoda N Somatilaka ... Saikat Mukhopadhyay

     Signaling specifically in cilia by a cAMP generating G-protein-coupled receptor directs tissue-specific morphogenesis.
135. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Cell Biology

     Identification of abscission checkpoint bodies as structures that regulate ESCRT factors to control abscission timing

     Lauren K Strohacker, Douglas R Mackay ... Katharine S Ullman

     Cytoplasmic bodies sequester important abscission machinery to delay completion of cytokinesis in response to mitotic errors.
136. 1. Developmental Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Rolling controls sperm navigation in response to the dynamic rheological properties of the environment

     Meisam Zaferani, Farhad Javi ... Alireza Abbaspourrad

     Rheological properties of the environment regulate sperm swimming and navigational behavior through suppression or reactivation of sperm rolling around its longitudinal axis.
137. 1. Neuroscience

     Gjd2b-mediated gap junctions promote glutamatergic synapse formation and dendritic elaboration in Purkinje neurons

     Sahana Sitaraman, Gnaneshwar Yadav ... Vatsala Thirumalai

     A protein that is a building block of intercellular bridges between neurons promotes their ability to grow dendrites and make synapses.
138. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     The genomic consequences of hybridization

     Benjamin M Moran, Cheyenne Payne ... Molly Schumer

     A synthesis of recent hybridization literature reveals emerging patterns in the evolution of genomes after hybridization, processes proposed to explain those patterns, and important open questions to direct future hybrid genomics research.
139. 1. Neuroscience

     Cortical magnification in human visual cortex parallels task performance around the visual field

     Noah C Benson, Eline R Kupers ... Jonathan Winawer

     In humans, the surface area of early visual cortex across polar angle is distributed in a pattern that correlates strongly with radial asymmetries in behavioral performance on visual tasks.
140. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     CLAMP and Zelda function together to promote Drosophila zygotic genome activation

     Jingyue Duan, Leila Rieder ... Erica Larschan

     Maternal CLAMP functions as a novel pioneer transcription factor to open chromatin and plays a targeted yet essential role in Drosophila zygotic genome activation.
141. 1. Cancer Biology
     2. Physics of Living Systems

     Oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer enhances TRAIL sensitivity via death receptor 4 upregulation and lipid raft localization

     Joshua D Greenlee, Maria Lopez-Cavestany ... Michael R King

     Oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells exhibit unregulated death receptor 4 expression with increased receptor palmitoylation and translocation into lipid rafts, increasing their sensitivity to apoptosis via TRAIL.
142. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

     Endomembrane targeting of human OAS1 p46 augments antiviral activity

     Frank W Soveg, Johannes Schwerk ... Ram Savan

     Prenylation of human oligoadenylate synthetase 1 isoform p46 mediates endomembrane targeting and increases its antiviral activity against positive-strand RNA viruses that utilize the host endomembrane system for replication.
143. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Medicine

     EPHX1 mutations cause a lipoatrophic diabetes syndrome due to impaired epoxide hydrolysis and increased cellular senescence

     Jeremie Gautheron, Christophe Morisseau ... Isabelle Jeru

     Disruption of epoxide hydrolysis inducing oxidative stress and cellular senescence is a novel mechanism responsible for lipoatrophic monogenic diabetes.
144. 1. Neuroscience

     Physiological and motion signatures in static and time-varying functional connectivity and their subject identifiability

     Alba Xifra-Porxas, Michalis Kassinopoulos, Georgios D Mitsis

     BOLD fMRI fluctuations induced by head motion and variations in cardiac and breathing activity lead to artifactual patterns in functional connectivity as well as recurrent patterns in time-varying functional connectivity.
145. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Medicine

     Role of direct and indirect social and spatial ties in the diffusion of HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs: a cross-sectional community-based network analysis in New Delhi, India

     Steven J Clipman, Shruti H Mehta ... Sunil S Solomon

     Beyond well-recognized individual-level risk factors, HIV and hepatitis C transmission among people who inject drugs are further impacted by social and spatial network composition, and spaces in particular may represent efficient means for disseminating interventions that diffuse through the network.
146. 1. Evolutionary Biology
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Within-host evolutionary dynamics of seasonal and pandemic human influenza A viruses in young children

     Alvin X Han, Zandra C Felix Garza ... Colin A Russell

     The longer duration of seasonal influenza virus infection in young children may provide opportunities for within-host evolution as a result of maintenance of genetic diversity through mutation-selection balance.
147. 1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
     2. Genetics and Genomics

     A precisely adjustable, variation-suppressed eukaryotic transcriptional controller to enable genetic discovery

     Asli Azizoglu, Roger Brent, Fabian Rudolf

     A new gene expression tool enables precise control of protein dosage over a large range and paves the way for new genetic discoveries.
148. 1. Neuroscience

     The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in reward valuation and future thinking during intertemporal choice

     Elisa Ciaramelli et al.

     During decisions between smaller-immediate rewards and larger rewards available in the future, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is critical to represent the value of rewards, not the future.
149. 1. Neuroscience

     A quadratic model captures the human V1 response to variations in chromatic direction and contrast

     Michael A Barnett, Geoffrey K Aguirre, David Brainard

     A quantitative forward model captures fMRI responses to chromatic stimuli in human primary visual cortex and quantifies how chromatic sensitivity changes with eccentricity.
150. 1. Cell Biology

     Selective dephosphorylation by PP2A-B55 directs the meiosis I-meiosis II transition in oocytes

     S Zachary Swartz, Hieu T Nguyen ... Arminja N Kettenbach

     Time-course phosphoproteomics reveals that selective dephosphorylation is critical for directing the MI/MII transition and that, through its inherent phospho-threonine preference, PP2A-B55 imposes specific phosphoregulated behaviors that distinguish the two meiotic divisions.
151. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
     2. Medicine

     NICEdrug.ch, a workflow for rational drug design and systems-level analysis of drug metabolism

     Homa MohammadiPeyhani, Anush Chiappino-Pepe ... Vassily Hatzimanikatis

     NICEdrug.ch is a resource allowing systematic and large-scale computational analysis of drug biochemistry, enzymatic targets, and toxicity in the context of cellular metabolism.
152. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

     Instability in NAD⁺ metabolism leads to impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and communication

     Knut H Lauritzen, Maria Belland Olsen ... Arne Yndestad

     Transgenic mice and cell models provide evidence of a pathophysiological mechanism that connects mtDNA damage to cardiac dysfunction via reduced NAD⁺ levels and loss of mitochondrial function and communication.
153. 1. Cell Biology
     2. Neuroscience

     Pharmacological rescue of impaired mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease-related LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice

     Francois Singh, Alan R Prescott ... Ian G Ganley

     The most common Parkinson’s disease-associated mutation, LRRK2 G2019S, impairs mitophagy in clinically relevant cells within the mouse brain and this defect can be reversed using a novel LRRK2 inhibitor.
154. 1. Genetics and Genomics

     Natural variation in the consequences of gene overexpression and its implications for evolutionary trajectories

     DeElegant Robinson, Michael Place ... Audrey P Gasch

     The genetic background of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains influences responses to gene overexpression.
155. 1. Genetics and Genomics
     2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     Uniparental nuclear inheritance following bisexual mating in fungi

     Vikas Yadav, Sheng Sun, Joseph Heitman

     Discovery of a novel mode of sexual reproduction, termed pseudosexual reproduction, in fungi where both parents are required for mating but only one contributes to the meiotic progeny, similar to hybridogenesis in animals.
156. 1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

     Deep learning detects cardiotoxicity in a high-content screen with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

     Francis Grafton, Jaclyn Ho ... Mohammad Ali Mandegar

     Deep learning combined with induced pluripotent stem cell technology is an effective method to interrogate cellular phenotypes and predict patterns of cardiotoxicity in vitro.
157. 1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
     2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

     Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of splicing factor SRSF1 is required for development and cilia function

     Fiona Haward, Magdalena M Maslon ... Javier F Caceres

     A mouse model where the splicing factor SRSF1 was prevented from accumulating in the cytoplasm revealed reduced translation of thousands of mRNAs and postnatal phenotypes particularly affecting multiciliated cells.
158. 1. Neuroscience

     An oscillating computational model can track pseudo-rhythmic speech by using linguistic predictions

     Sanne ten Oever, Andrea E Martin

     An oscillating computational model combined with a predictive internal linguistic model can track naturally timed speech in which pseudo-rhythmicity is related to the predictability of words within their sentence context.
159. 1. Neuroscience

     Interpreting wide-band neural activity using convolutional neural networks

     Markus Frey, Sander Tanni ... Caswell Barry

     A novel deep-learning framework shows how to interpret and decode raw neural recordings, avoiding the need for strong prior hypotheses, revealing a novel representation of head direction.
160. 1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

     The development of Nanosota-1 as anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanobody drug candidates

     Gang Ye, Joseph Gallant ... Fang Li

     Potent and low-cost Nanosota-1 drug candidates block SARS-CoV-2 infections in vitro and in animal models and act preventively and therapeutically.
161. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
     2. Immunology and Inflammation

     Contrasting effects of Western vs Mediterranean diets on monocyte inflammatory gene expression and social behavior in a primate model

     Corbin SC Johnson, Carol A Shively ... Noah Snyder-Mackler

     Modern human diet patterns alter primate behavior and monocyte gene expression leading to monocyte polarization–experimental evidence of the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis.